最新孙子兵法英汉对照.docx

最新孙子兵法英汉对照.docx

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最新孙子兵法英汉对照

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孙子兵法（中英对照）

孙子兵法TheArtofWar

孙武BySunTzu

TranslatedbyLionelGiles

始计第一

LayingPlans

孙子曰：

兵者，国之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。

SunTzusaid：

TheartofwarisofvitalimportancetotheState.Itisamatteroflifeanddeath，aroadeithertosafetyortoruin.Henceitisasubjectofinquirywhichcanonnoaccountbeneglected.

故经之以五事，校之以计，而索其情：

一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰将，五曰法。

Theartofwar，then，isgovernedbyfiveconstantfactors，tobetakenintoaccountinone'sdeliberations，whenseekingtodeterminetheconditionsobtaininginthefield.

Theseare：

（1）TheMoralLaw；

（2）Heaven；（3）Earth；（4）TheCommander；（5）Methodanddiscipline.

道者，令民于上同意，可与之死，可与之生，而不危也；

TheMoralLawcausesthepeopletobeincompleteaccordwiththeirruler，sothattheywillfollowhimregardlessoftheirlives，undismayedbyanydanger.

天者，阴阳、寒暑、时制也；

Heavensignifiesnightandday，coldandheat，timesandseasons.

地者，远近、险易、广狭、死生也；

Earthcomprisesdistances，greatandsmall；dangerandsecurity；opengroundandnarrowpasses；thechancesoflifeanddeath.

将者，智、信、仁、勇、严也；

TheCommanderstandsforthevirtuesofwisdom，sincerely，benevolence，courageandstrictness.

法者，曲制、官道、主用也。

Bymethodanddisciplinearetobeunderstoodthemarshalingofthearmyinitspropersubdivisions，thegraduationsofrankamongtheofficers，themaintenanceofroadsbywhichsuppliesmayreachthearmy，andthecontrolofmilitaryexpenditure.

凡此五者，将莫不闻，知之者胜，不知之者不胜。

Thesefiveheadsshouldbefamiliartoeverygeneral：

hewhoknowsthemwillbevictorious；hewhoknowsthemnotwillfail.

故校之以计，而索其情，曰：

主孰有道？

Therefore，inyourdeliberations，whenseekingtodeterminethemilitaryconditions，letthembemadethebasisofacomparison，inthiswise：

——

将孰有能？

天地孰得？

法令孰行？

兵众孰强？

士卒孰练？

赏罚孰明？

吾以此知胜负矣。

（1）WhichofthetwosovereignsisimbuedwiththeMorallaw？

（2）Whichofthetwogeneralshasmostability？

（3）WithwhomlietheadvantagesderivedfromHeavenandEarth？

（4）Onwhichsideisdisciplinemostrigorouslyenforced？

（5）Whicharmyisstronger？

（6）Onwhichsideareofficersandmenmorehighlytrained？

（7）Inwhicharmyistherethegreaterconstancybothinrewardandpunishment？

BymeansofthesesevenconsiderationsIcanforecastvictoryordefeat.

将听吾计，用之必胜，留之；将不听吾计，用之必败，去之。

Thegeneralthathearkenstomycounselandactsuponit，willconquer：

letsuchaoneberetainedincommand！

Thegeneralthathearkensnottomycounselnoractsuponit，willsufferdefeat：

——letsuchaonebedismissed！

计利以听，乃为之势，以佐其外。

Whileheadingtheprofitofmycounsel，availyourselfalsoofanyhelpfulcircumstancesoverandbeyondtheordinaryrules.

势者，因利而制权也。

Accordingascircumstancesarefavorable，oneshouldmodifyone'splans.

兵者，诡道也。

Allwarfareisbasedondeception.

故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之远，远而示之近。

Hence，whenabletoattack，wemustseemunable；whenusingourforces，wemustseeminactive；whenwearenear，wemustmaketheenemybelievewearefaraway；whenfaraway，wemustmakehimbelievewearenear.

利而诱之，乱而取之，

Holdoutbaitstoenticetheenemy.Feigndisorder，andcrushhim.

实而备之，强而避之，

Ifheissecureatallpoints，bepreparedforhim.Ifheisinsuperiorstrength，evadehim.

怒而挠之，卑而骄之，

Ifyouropponentisofcholerictemper，seektoirritatehim.Pretendtobeweak，thathemaygrowarrogant.

佚而劳之，亲而离之，

Ifheistakinghisease，givehimnorest.Ifhisforcesareunited，separatethem.

攻其无备，出其不意。

Attackhimwhereheisunprepared，appearwhereyouarenotexpected.

此兵家之胜，不可先传也。

Thesemilitarydevices，leadingtovictory，mustnotbedivulgedbeforehand.

夫未战而庙算胜者，得算多也；未战而庙算不胜者，得算少也。

多算胜少算，而况于无算乎！

吾以此观之，胜负见矣。

Nowthegeneralwhowinsabattlemakesmanycalculationsinhistemplewherethebattleisfought.Thegeneralwholosesabattlemakesbutfewcalculationsbeforehand.Thusdomanycalculationsleadtovictory，andfewcalculationstodefeat：

howmuchmorenocalculationatall！

ItisbyattentiontothispointthatIcanforeseewhoislikelytowinorlose.

作战第二

II.WagingWar

孙子曰：

凡用兵之法，驰车千驷，革车千乘，带甲十万，千里馈粮。

则内外之费，宾客之用，胶

漆之材，车甲之奉，日费千金，然后十万之师举矣。

SunTzusaid：

Intheoperationsofwar，wherethereareinthefieldathousandswiftchariots，asmanyheavychariots，andahundredthousandmail-cladsoldiers，withprovisionsenoughtocarrythemathousandli，theexpenditureathomeandatthefront，includingentertainmentofguests，smallitemssuchasglueandpaint，andsumsspentonchariotsandarmor，willreachthetotalofathousandouncesofsilverperday.Suchisthecostofraisinganarmyof100，000men.

其用战也，胜久则钝兵挫锐，攻城则力屈，

Whenyouengageinactualfighting，ifvictoryislongincoming，thenmen'sweaponswillgrowdullandtheirardorwillbedamped.Ifyoulaysiegetoatown，youwillexhaustyourstrength.

久暴师则国用不足。

Again，ifthecampaignisprotracted，theresourcesoftheStatewillnotbeequaltothestrain.

夫钝兵挫锐，屈力殚货，则诸侯乘其弊而起，虽有智者不能善其后矣。

Now，whenyourweaponsaredulled，yourardordamped，yourstrengthexhaustedandyourtreasurespent，otherchieftainswillspringuptotakeadvantageofyourextremity.Thennoman，howeverwise，willbeabletoaverttheconsequencesthatmustensue.

故兵闻拙速，未睹巧之久也。

Thus，thoughwehaveheardofstupidhasteinwar，clevernesshasneverbeenseenassociatedwithlongdelays.

夫兵久而国利者，未之有也。

Thereisnoinstanceofacountryhavingbenefitedfromprolongedwarfare.

故不尽知用兵之害者，则不能尽知用兵之利也。

Itisonlyonewhoisthoroughlyacquaintedwiththeevilsofwarthatcanthoroughlyunderstandtheprofitablewayofcarryingiton.

善用兵者，役不再籍，粮不三载，

Theskillfulsoldierdoesnotraiseasecondlevy，neitherarehissupply-wagonsloadedmorethantwice.

取用于国，因粮于敌，故军食可足也。

Bringwarmaterialwithyoufromhome，butforageontheenemy.Thusthearmywillhavefoodenoughforitsneeds.

国之贫于师者远输，远输则百姓贫；

PovertyoftheStateexchequercausesanarmytobemaintainedbycontributionsfromadistance.Contributingtomaintainanarmyatadistancecausesthepeopletobeimpoverished.

近师者贵卖，贵卖则百姓财竭，

Ontheotherhand，theproximityofanarmycausespricestogoup；andhighpricescausethepeople'ssubstancetobedrainedaway.

财竭则急于丘役。

Whentheirsubstanceisdrainedaway，thepeasantrywillbeafflictedbyheavyexactions.

力屈中原、内虚于家，百姓之费，十去其七；公家之费，破军罢马，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛橹，丘牛大车，十去其六。

Withthislossofsubstanceandexhaustionofstrength，thehomesofthepeoplewillbestrippedbare，andthree-tenthsoftheirincomewillbedissipated；whilegovernmentexpensesforbrokenchariots，worn-outhorses，breast-platesandhelmets，bowsandarrows，spearsandshields，protectivemantles，draught-oxenandheavywagons，willamounttofour-tenthsofitstotalrevenue.

故智将务食于敌，食敌一钟，当吾二十钟；□①杆一石，当吾二十石。

Henceawisegeneralmakesapointofforagingontheenemy.Onecartloadoftheenemy'sprovisionsisequivalenttotwentyofone'sown，andlikewiseasinglepiculofhisprovenderisequivalenttotwentyfromone'sownstore.

【注：

】①：

“忌”加“艹”头。

故杀敌者，怒也；取敌之利者，货也。

Nowinordertokilltheenemy，ourmenmustberousedtoanger；thattheremaybeadvantagefromdefeatingtheenemy，theymusthavetheirrewards.

车战得车十乘以上，赏其先得者而更其旌旗。

车杂而乘之，卒善而养之，是谓胜敌而益强。

Thereforeinchariotfighting，whentenormorechariotshavebeentaken，thoseshouldberewardedwhotookthefirst.Ourownflagsshouldbesubstitutedforthoseoftheenemy，andthechariotsmingledandusedinconjunctionwithours.Thecapturedsoldiersshouldbekindlytreatedandkept.Thisiscalled，usingtheconqueredfoetoaugmentone'sownstrength.

故兵贵胜，不贵久。

Inwar，then，letyourgreatobjectbevictory，notlengthycampaigns.

故知兵之将，民之司命。

国家安危之主也。

Thusitmaybeknownthattheleaderofarmiesisthearbiterofthepeople'sfate，themanonwhomitdependswhetherthenationshallbeinpeaceorinperil.

谋攻第三

III.AttackbyStratagem

孙子曰：

夫用兵之法，全国为上，破国次之；全军为上，破军次之；全旅为上，破旅次之；全卒

为上，破卒次之；全伍为上，破伍次之。

SunTzusaid：

Inthepracticalartofwar，thebestthingofallistotaketheenemy'scountrywholeandintact；toshatteranddestroyitisnotsogood.So，too，itisbettertorecaptureanarmyentirethantodestroyit，tocapturearegiment，adetachmentoracompanyentirethantodestroythem.

是故百战百胜，非善之善也；不战而屈人之兵，善之善者也。

Hencetofightandconquerinallyourbattlesisnotsupremeexcellence；supremeexcellenceconsistsinbreakingtheenemy'sresistancewithoutfighting.

故上兵伐谋，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。

Thusthehighestformofgeneralshipistobalktheenemy'splans；thenextbestistopreventthejunctionoftheenemy'sforces；thenextinorderistoattacktheenemy'sarmyinthefield；andtheworstpolicyofallistobesiegewalledcities.

攻城之法，为不得已。

修橹轒辒，具器械，三月而后成；距堙，又三月而后已。

Theruleis，nottobesiegewalledcitiesifitcanpossiblybeavoided.Thepreparationofmantlets，movableshelters，andvariousimplementsofwar，willtakeupthreewholemonths；andthepilingupofmoundsoveragainstthewallswilltakethreemonthsmore.

将不胜其忿而蚁附之，杀士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之灾也。

Thegeneral，unabletocontrolhisirritation，willlaunchhismentotheassaultlikeswarmingants，withtheresultthatone-thirdofhismenareslain，whilethetownstillremainsuntaken.Sucharethedisastrouseffectsofasiege.

故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非战也，拔人之城而非攻也，毁人之国而非久也，

Thereforetheskillfulleadersubduestheenemy'stroopswithoutanyfighting；hecapturestheircitieswithoutlayingsiegetothem；heoverthrowstheirkingdomwithoutlengthyoperationsinthefield.

必以全争于天下，故兵不顿而利可全，此谋攻之法也。

WithhisforcesintacthewilldisputethemasteryoftheEmpire，andthus，withoutlosingaman，histriumphwillbecomplete.Thisisthemethodofattackingbystratagem.

故用兵之法，十则围之，五则攻之，倍则分之，

Itistheruleinwar，ifourforcesaretentotheenemy'sone，tosurroundhim；iffivetoone，toattackhim；iftwiceasnumerous，todivideourarmyintotwo.

敌则能战之，少则能逃之，不若则能避之。

Ifequallymatched，weca