高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第2讲推理判断类教学案.docx
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高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第2讲推理判断类教学案
第2讲 推理判断类
题型概述
题型破解
1逻辑分析推断隐含意义
解题指导 1.抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理：
在原文中确定推理依据的位置或范围后，要善于抓住关键信息去分析判断；2.整合全文/段信息进行推断：
有时需要在弄懂全文或全段的基础上，整合与题目相关的有效信息去进行综合推断，才能确定最佳选项。
无论哪种推断形式必须以文章所提供的事实内容为依据，切忌凭空想象。
[典例] （2019·全国卷Ⅰ·C篇）
Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric（生物测量）technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee－spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.
ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow－costdevice（装置）thatgetsaroundthisproblem：
asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence（节奏）withwhichonetypesandthepressurefingersapplytoeachkey.Thekeyboardcouldofferastronglayerofsecuritybyanalyzingthingsliketheforceofauser'stypingandthetimebetweenkeypresses.Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities,andbyextension,whethertheyshouldbegivenaccesstothecomputerit'sconnectedto—regardlessofwhethersomeonegetsthepasswordright.
Italsodoesn'trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen'talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.
Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipantsbasedonhowtheytyped,withverylowerrorrates.Theresearcherssaythatthekeyboardshouldbeprettystraightforwardtocommercializeandismostlymadeofinexpensive,plastic－likeparts.Theteamhopestomakeittomarketinthenearfuture.
28．Whydotheresearchersdevelopthesmartkeyboard?
A．Toreducepressureonkeys.
B．Toimproveaccuracyintyping.
C．Toreplacethepasswordsystem.
D．Tocutthecostofe－spaceprotection.
解析 D 根据第一段最后一句以及第二段第一句可推知，研究者研发这种智能键盘是为了降低网络安全保护技术的成本。
故选D。
29．Whatmakestheinventionofthesmartkeyboardpossible?
A．Computersaremucheasiertooperate.
B．Fingerprintscanningtechniquesdevelopfast.
C．Typingpatternsvaryfrompersontoperson.
D．Datasecuritymeasuresareguaranteed.
解析 C 题干问的是“是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能”，也就是问这一发明的核心依据是什么。
根据第二段中的“Thesepatternsareuniquetoeachperson.Thus,thekeyboardcandeterminepeople'sidentities...”可知，正是因为每个人的打字模式不同，这种智能键盘就可以通过分析用户的打字力度及节奏等来判断该用户是不是安全访客。
故选C。
2文体特点推断写作意图
解题指导 1.记叙文：
通常会在首段或尾段出现高度概括性语言，且往往有一定的哲理性，所有叙述都围绕该哲理展开；2.应用文：
文章常对某事物或服务进行详细介绍，使用具有明显倾向性的语言；3.说明文：
其写作意图依赖于对文章主题句的把握，故应找准主题句；4.议论文：
一般开头提出某论点，中间进行论证，最后得出结论，写作意图常隐含于最后一部分中。
[典例] （2018·浙江高考·A篇）
In1812,theyearCharlesDickenswasborn,therewere66novelspublishedinBritain...
In1870,whenDickensdied,theworldmournedhimasitsfirstprofessionalwriterandpublisher,famousandbeloved,whohadledanexplosioninboththepublicationofnovelsandtheirreadershipandwhosecharacters—fromOliverTwisttoTinyTim—wereheldupasmoraltouchstones...
HowdidDickensgettothetop?
Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories,literatureisanumbersgame,andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60,000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage,from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf dozenofthem.It'spartlytruethatDickens'styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It'spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial,politicalandscientificprogress.Butit'salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent,ambition,energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.
23．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?
A．Torememberagreatwriter.
B．TointroduceanEnglishnovel.
C．Toencouragestudiesonculture.
D．TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage.
解析 A 本文为一篇记叙文，介绍了狄更斯在英国文学中的地位以及他是如何获得此殊荣的。
从最后一段中的“Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches,...”可知，本文写于狄更斯诞辰200周年纪念前夕，显然是为了纪念这位伟大的作家。
故答案选A。
3忠于措辞推断观点态度
解题指导 1.注意作者或文中人物的措辞：
①分析字里行间所隐含的意思，切忌用自己观点代替作者或文中人物的观点；②留意相关氛围的语言及表达情感态度或观点的词句，这些常流露于修饰语之中；③结合英语国家的文化传统或风俗习惯等背景知识进行合理推断；2.牢记观点态度的常见词语：
①支持肯定：
positive（积极的）、supportive（支持的）、optimistic（乐观的）、humorous（幽默的）、enthusiastic（热情的）、pleasant（愉快的）；②中立：
neutral（中立的）、objective（客观的）、notmentioned（未提及的）、uninterested（不感兴趣的）、indifferent（漠不关心的）；③否定反对：
negative（否定消极的）、suspicious/skeptical（怀疑的）、disgusted（憎恶的）、critical（批评的）、disappointed（失望的）、disapproving（不赞成的）。
[典例] （2018·北京高考·D篇）
Thepossibilityofself drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,yearsawayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow....
Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars（andrightfullyso）,policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself drivingvehiclescanhelpreducetrafficjams,cutemissions（排放）andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobilityoptions.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.
...
Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverlessvehiclesdoesn'textendtheworstaspectsofthecar controlledtransportationsystemwehavetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstatestodeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.Thecarofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.
50．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetothefutureofself drivingcars?
A．Doubtful.B．Positive.
C．Disapproving.D．Sympathetic.
解析 B 由文章中对无人驾驶汽车的期待的语气及第二段讲无人驾驶汽车的优点“Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehiclesareenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.”可知，作者对无人驾驶汽车的未来持积极态度。
故选B。
4语言特色推断出处
解题指导 1.广告：
语言简洁鲜明，有亮点；2.报刊：
时事性强，分不同板块，高考中常以政治、生活为主；3.杂志：
覆盖生活各个层面，更贴近幕后，更贴近生活；4.产品说明书：
对某产品的功能特色及操作方式等做出介绍；5.药品说明：
说明药品的服用时间、次数、药量、禁忌等；6.网络：
文体不限，找到clickhere,download,upload,link,mouse,surf等网络标志语。
[典例] （2019·安徽皖北高三联考·C篇）
About1.5billionpeoplespeakEnglisharoundtheworld.Butformorethan1.1billionofthem,Englishistheirsecondlanguage—oftenwithanoticeableaccent.
“Someone'saccentreallyrevealsalotaboutwhotheyareandtheiridentity.Itwilltellpeoplewhattheirnativelanguageisandprobablywheretheycomefrom，”saysMarcPell,acommunicationsprofessoratMcGillUniversityinMontreal.AndaccordingtoPell,onereactiontoitcanbeabias（偏见）againstthatperson.
Previousresearchthathasbeendoneelsewhereshowedthatpeoplewhohaveanaccenttendtobetrustedless,simplybecausetheyhaveanaccent.Butaccentsaren'ttheonlythingwelistenforwhenwehavetodecideifwetrustanotherperson.Toneofvoicealsoplaysarole.Pellandhisteamwantedtoknowifpeoplewouldtrustaconfidenttone,evenifitcamefromsomeonewithanaccent.
TheresearchershadCanadianEnglishspeakerslistentodifferentversionsofpeoplesayingneutral（无明显特性的）statementslike“shehasaccesstothebuilding”whiletheyweregettingabrainscaninanMRI（磁共振成像）machine.SubjectsheardsomeonesayitwithaconfidenttonewithaCanadianEnglishaccent,anAustralianaccentoraFrenchaccent.Participantsalsoheardthesentencewiththethreeaccentsspokeninadoubtfulorneutraltone.
TheMRIscansshowedthattheparticipantshadtousemorebrainpowertodecideiftheycouldtrustthestatementssaidwiththenon nativeaccents.WhenthestudyparticipantsheardtheAustralianorFrenchaccents,bloodflowincreasedtothepartofthebrainthatweusetoprocesssound.Theyseemedtohavetoanalyzethatperhapsmorecarefully,orforalongerperiodoftimetomakethisdecisionaboutwhethertheytrulybelievedthespeaker,especiallywhenthespeakersoundeddoubtful.Whenasked,theparticipantsreportednottrustingeitherAustralianorFrenchaccents—exceptwhenthestatementsweresaidconfidently.Itseemsthatconfidencespeaksforitself.
31．Wheredoesthistextmostprobablycomefrom?
A．Aresearchplan.
B．Ahealthmagazine.
C．Anacademicjournal.
D．Alanguage learningguide.
解析 C 文章前两段指出说英语有口音带来的负面影响，第三段开始介绍研究成果并呈现一个新的研究：
在带口音的情况下，语气自信和能否赢得信任的关系。
接着详细描述了实验过程和结果，结合文中的关键词“Previousresearch”，“TheMRIscansshowed”判断文章最有可能来自学术期刊。
故选C。
5写作思路推断文章结构
解题指导 1.了解常见写作手法：
按事件发展的顺序；按时间顺序；按地点或空间顺序；按内容总分关系；按人物活动内容；2.把握写作思路：
在理解全文的基础上对所描述的事件的发展顺序、所说明事物的结构层次或论证过程中使用的论证方法进行推理判断和分析总结时，准确把握作者的写作思路尤为重要。
[典例] （2016·四川高考·D篇）
Awarmdrinkofmilkbeforebedhaslongbeenthebestchoiceforthosewantingagoodnight'ssleep.Butnowastudyhasfounditreallydoeshelppeoplenodoff—ifitismilkedfromacowatnight.
Researchershavediscoveredthat“nightmilk”containsmoremelatonin（褪黑激素）,whichhasbeenproventohelppeoplefeelsleepyandreduceanxiety.
Thestudy,byresearchersfromSeoul,SouthKorea,involvedmicebeingfedwithdriedmilkpowdermadefromcowsmilkedbothduringthedayandatnight.
...
Previousstudieshavealsoindicatedthatmilkcanbeexcellentforhelpingsleepbecauseofthecalciumcontent,whichhelpspeopletorelax.
35．Howdoestheauthorsupportthethemeofthetext?
A．Bygivingexamples.
B．Bystatingarguments.
C．Byexplainingstatisticaldata.
D．Byprovidingresearchresults.
解析 D 根据原文中的hasfound,Researchershavediscovered,thestudy及Previousstudieshavealsoindicated等信息可知，作者以呈现研究的事实结果的方式来写作本文。
故答案选D。
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