剑桥初级语法整理笔记.docx
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剑桥初级语法整理笔记
现在时
3、现在进行时:
Iamdoing
以下动词不可用于现在进行时:
like
love
want
know
understand
remember
depend
prefer
hate
need
mean
believe
forget
4、现在进行时的疑问式:
Areyoudoing?
5、一般现在时:
Ido/work/like等
一般现在时用来表示一般性的事实、有时或经常发生的事情:
Ilikebigcities.
Always/never/often/usually/sometimes常与一般现在时连用:
Inevereatbreakfast.
6、一般现在时的否定式:
Idon’t/hedoesn’t+动词原形
Idon’thaveabatheveryday.
【everyday表每天,作状语;everyday表每天的,形容词】
7、一般现在时的疑问式:
Doyou…?
Do/does
主语
动词原形
Do
you
work
onSundays
Do
yourfriends
live
nearhere
Does
Anne
play
tennis
Where
do
Yourfriends
live
Howoften
do
you
wash
yourhair
What
does
Thisword
mean
Howmuch
does
it
cost
toflytoRome
*Whatdoyoudo?
表示“你是做什么工作的?
”
8、have/havegot
(1)
have=havegot
has=hasgot
Don’thave=haven’tgot
Doesn’thave=hasn’tgot
Doyouhave=haveyougot
Doeshehave=hashegot
(2)have表“吃、喝、拿”时,不能用havegot代替
have
havebreakfast/lunch/dinner
haveameal/apizza/asandwich
haveacupofcoffee
havesthtoeat/drink
(3)下列短语中,要用have
have
haveabath/ashower
havearest/aholiday/aparty
haveanicetime/agoodtrip/fun
haveawalk/aswim/agame
haveadream/anaccident
haveababy
havealook
15、现在完成时
(1)havedone
(2)just/already/yet
Just表“刚才”:
we’vejustarrived.
Already表“已经”(在预料之前):
they’vealreadyarrived.(=beforeyouexpected)
Yet表“直到现在”(用于否定句和疑问句中):
theyhaven’tarrivedyet.
(3)现在完成时与ever(用于疑问句中)/never连用:
Haveyoueverplayedgolf?
(4)gone表“去而未归”:
shehasgonetoChina.
Been表“去而已归”:
hehasbeentoChina.
(5)Howlonghaveyou…?
ShehasbeeninIrelandsinceMonday/forthreedays.
一般现在时
现在完成时
DanandKatearemarried.
Theyhavebeenmarriedforfouryears.
Areyoumarried?
Howlonghaveyoubeenmarried?
现在进行时
现在完成进行时
I’mlearningEnglish.
HowlonghaveyoubeenlearningEnglish?
25、whatareyoudoingtomorrow?
Iamdoingsomethingtomorrow表示“我已经安排好明天要做某事/我计划明天做某事”
Iamgoingtodosomething.同上(begoingto与will的区别)
注意:
用一般现在时表示时间表、节目单、火车与公共汽车时刻表等:
Thetrainarrivesat7.30.
27、will/shall
(1)Ishall=Iwill、weshall=wewill:
Ishallbelatetomorrow.=Iwillbelatetomorrow.
在构成将来时的时候,不可将shall与you/they/it/he/she等非第一人称连用:
Tomwillbelate.(而不能Tomshallbelate.)
(2)I’ll…表“提议或决定做某事”:
I’llphoneyoutomorrow.
IthinkI’ll/Idon’tthinkI’ll…表“决定做某事”:
IthinkI’llgotobedearlytonight.
(3)ShallI…/Shallwe…?
表“你认为…好吗?
”
28、might=may
29、can/could:
could为过去式
30、must/mustn’t/don’tneedto
(1)表示过去时,用hadto而不用must:
Wehadtowalkhomelastnight.
(2)don’tneedto=don’thaveto
31、should
(1)Ithink…should/Idon’tthink….should/doyouthink…should?
(2)oughtto=should
32、Ihaveto
(1)表过去时,用hadto
(2)表示认为有必要做某事或提出个人看法时,must或haveto都可以
不是表个人看法时,只能用haveto:
Eg:
Youcan’tparkyourcarherefornothing.Youhavetopay.(非个人看法)
It’safantasticfilm.Youmustseeit./Youhavetoseeit.
33、Iusedto/Ididn’tusedto/didyouuseto…?
38、therehasbeen/therehavebeen
一般过去时
现在完成时
Therewasanaccidentlastnight.
Look!
There’sbeenanaccident.
Whenwearrivedatthetheatre,therewasalongqueueoutside.
Thisroadisverydangerous.Therehavebeenmanyaccidents.
Whyarethosepolicemenoutsidethebank?
There’sbeen/therewasarobbery.
41、反义疑问句
Haveyou?
/areyou?
/don’tyou?
表“对某事感兴趣或感到惊奇”:
——I’veboughtanewcar.
——Oh,haveyou?
记住:
前否后肯,前肯后否
It’saniceday,isn’tit?
Thatisn’tyourcar,isit?
42、too/eithersoamI/neitherdoI
(1)
句尾
too(肯定)
I’mhappytoo.
either(否定)
I’mnothappyeither.
I’mhappy.
SoamI
(sowashe/sodoI/sowouldI)
I’mnot
I’mnothappy
NeitheramI
(可用nor代替neither)
Iam
(2)both+复数名词
either/neither单数名词,谓语动词用单数
both
(of)
the…
either
neither
of
these/those…
my/your/Paul’s…
44、疑问句
(1)isit…?
/haveyou…?
/dothey…?
whyisn’t…?
/whydon’t…?
(2)whosawyou?
/whodidyousee?
(3)以特殊疑问词开头的句子,介词位于句尾:
whereareyoufrom?
(4)what’sitlike?
/whataretheylike?
表询问某事物的情况——新旧、好坏、大小等
(5)疑问词
what
What+名词
Whattime…/whatsize
不加名词
What’syourname?
which
Which+名词(物/人)
Whichtraindidyoucatch?
不加名词时,不指代人
Whichisbiggest?
how
How+形容词/副词
Howtallareyou?
Howdeep/howheavy/howhigh/howbig…
What(围更广)
Which(选择较少)
What’sthecapitalofArgentina?
Whichcolourdoyouprefer,pinkoryellow?
52、不定式与-ing形式
动词+不定式
want
plan
decide
try
+to…(towork/todo/tobe)
hope
expect
offer
forget
need
promise
refuse
learn
动词+-ing
enjoy
stop
suggest
+-ing(doing/working)
mind
finish
动词+-ing或不定式
like
love
start
continue
+-ing/to…
prefer
hate
begin
55、
goto
gotowork
gotoschool
gotouniversity
gotohospital
gotoprison
gotobed
gotosleep
gotochurch
gotothebank/thetheatre/theairport
gohome
gotothedoctor/dentist
(be)atwork
(be)atschool
(be)atuniversity
(be)inhospital
(be)inprison
(be)inbed
(be)in/atchurch
(be)athome