英语论文傲慢与偏见.docx
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英语论文傲慢与偏见
OnJaneAusten’sPointofViewofMarriagein
PrideandPrejudice
Acknowledgements
Thisthesishasfinallycomeintobeingtomeetcriticaleyesthroughtwomonthsofhardwork.FromtheverybeginningwhenIchosethetopictillthecompletionofthethesis,Ihavebenefitedfrommanypeople.
FirstofallIwouldliketoshowmysinceregratitudetomytutor,ShenGuozheng.Withouthissincereandtrustworthyguidance,valuablesuggestionsandcriticalcomments,itwouldbedifficultformetoaccomplishthisthesis.Hisloyaltytoteachingandpunctiliousworkstylehasprofoundlyimpressedme.
Moreover,Iheartilythankalltheteacherswhohavehelpedmeinthepastfouryears,whohaveprovidedmewithincentivesanddirectionformystudy.Thanksarealsoduetomyclassmatesandfriendsfortheirconstantencouragementandtheirwaysofassistanceinthecourseofwriting.
Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytothankmyfamilymembers,fortheirselflesssupport,thoughtfulnessandencouragement.
Abstract
JaneAustenwasoneofthedistinguishedrealisticnovelistsinthenineteenth-century-Englishliterature.PrideandPrejudiceisaworldwidepopularnovelpublishedin1813.Austensetthestoryinthefirstdecadeofthenineteenthcentury.Atthattime,marriagewastheonlywayforwomentogainsocialstatusandrecognition.Theauthorofthepresentthesiswillanalyzethefivemarriagepatternsfromtheperspectiveofsociohistoricalliterarycriticismtoexploretheimportantrolethatmoneyandloveplaysinmarriage.ItcanbeseenclearlythatAustenfullyexpressesheroriginalviewsonmarriage:
property,socialstatusandlovearethreeindispensableelementsinamarriage.Itiswrongtomarryformoney,butitisunwisetomarrywithoutmoney.Austen’sviewsonmarriageemphasizeloveandeconomiccondition,butloveplaysthesignificantrole,whichisthepredominantaspectatAusten’stime.ThethesistriestodrawsomeinspirationfromAustenandprovidesomehintsformodernwomenintheirviewofmarriage,andaddsomethingnewintotheliterarycriticismofthegreatworkofJaneAusten.
KeyWords:
PrideandPrejudice;viewsonmarriage;love;property;realisticsignificance
内容摘要
简·奥斯汀是十九世纪英国文学史上最伟大的现实主义小说家之一。
她的《傲慢与偏见》于1813年问世,是一部享誉世界的著名小说。
小说将故事情节置于十九世纪初,十九世纪的英国,婚姻是女性获得社会地位和社会认知的唯一途径。
本文使用社会历史批评的方法来分析小说中五种不同类型的婚姻,探讨金钱与爱情在婚姻中的重要作用,从而得出作者简·奥斯汀的婚姻观:
财产、门第和爱情是婚姻中必不可少的三个因素,为了金钱而结婚是错误的,然而缺少金钱的婚姻也是不明智的。
奥斯汀的婚姻观强调爱情和经济条件,但是爱情起着重要的作用,这一点在奥斯汀所处时代是有重要意义的。
本文作者意在借用奥斯汀的一些进步观点为现代女性在婚姻观方面提供一些借鉴,同时为使用文学批评方法研究奥斯汀的这一著作增添一些新的东西。
关键词:
《傲慢与偏见》;婚姻观;爱情;财产;现实意义
Contents
Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………….……………ⅰ
Abstract(English)………………………………………………………………………………ⅱ
Abstract(Chinese)………………………………………………………………………………ⅲ
1.
Introduction………………………………………….……………………………………1
2.
Sociohistorialliterarycriticism……………………………………………………1
3.
SociohistoricalanalysisoffivemarriagesinPrideandPrejudice……………………2
3.1Mr.andMrs.Bennet……………………………………………………………3
3.2JaneandBingley…………………………………………………………………4
3.3ElizabethandDarcy………………………………………………………………5
3.4LydiaandWickham………………………………………………………………5
3.5CharlotteandCollins……………………………………………………………6
4.
SignificanceofAusten’sviewsonmarriageinPrideandPrejudice……………………7
4.1ProgressivenessofAusten’sviewsonmarriage…………………………………8
4.2LimitationofAusten’sviewsonmarriage………………………………………8
5.
Conclusion………………………………....................…………………….…………9
WorksCited……………………………………………………………………….…………11
1.Introduction
JaneAustenwasoneofthedistinguishedEnglishnovelistsofthenineteenthcentury.ShewasbornonDecember16,1775,inthevillageofSteventonHampshire,England.Asadaughterofacountryclergyman,Austenneverenteredaformalschool,butshewaswelleducatedbyherfamily.Attheageofabouttwelve,Austenbegantowrite.Shewroteandcompletedsixnovelsandthreeminorwritingsinherlifetime.Shewasobviouslyafruitfulnovelistandengagedinwritingforallherlife.“SheissaidtohavetheequalnameasSirWalterScott”(Duckworth23).
BothinthewestandinChina,PrideandPrejudicehasgotgreatattentionfromthecriticsandmanycriticshavecommenteditfromsociohistoricalaspect.AlthoughsomescholarsanalyzedAusten’sviewsonmarriage,themarriageofMr.andMrs.Bennetisoftenneglected.SothethesisaimstomakeadeepanalysisofmarriagesinPrideandPrejudice,inorderthatwecanfullyunderstandtheoriginalviewsonmarriage,andcanaddsomethingnewintotheliterarycriticismofthegreatworkofJaneAusten.
Likeherothernovels,PrideandPrejudicefocusesonfivefamiliesinthetown.Themaincharactersaretheladiesfromthegenteelclass.Austenusescharactersasliterarydevicestoshowtherelationshipbetweenmarriedforloveandmarriedforalternativereasons.MarriagewasthoughttobethesinglepossiblefulfillmentforawomanatthetimewhenAustenwrotethenovel.Marriageplayedanimportantroleinwomen’slife.
Theauthorofthepresentthesiswillanalyzethefivemarriagepatternsfromtheperspectiveofsociohistoricalliterarycriticism.PartoneisabriefintroductionofJaneAustenandPrideandPrejudice.Parttwowillintroducesociohistoricalliterarycriticisminabriefway,andnextthethesiswillpresentasociohistoricalanslysisoffivemarriagesinPrideandPrejudice.PartfouristhesignificanceofAusten’sviewsonmarriage.ThepositiveaspectsthatAustenemphasizesonlovebetweenmaleandfemaleandonwomen’seducationareincluded,aswellasthelimitation.Thelastpartofthethesisisconclusion.Althoughwomenbecomeindependentineconomy,marriageisstilltheirimportantlifegoal.Austen’sviewsonmarriagegiveusefuladviceforselectingtheirpropermates.
2.Sociohistoricalliterarycriticism
SociohistoricalliterarycriticismfirstappearedinItaly,butbecamepopularinFrance.Itemphasizestherelationshipbetweenliteraryandsocialactivities.Itisthoughtthatliteraryrepresentsthelifeandformsinacertainsocialandhistoricalenvironment.Sothemainliteraryvalueliesinitsunderstandingofthesocialfunctionandhistoricalsignificance.Theprincipleofitisthatanalyzing,understandingandevaluationofaliteraryworkwillbetakenintoconsiderationofthework’ssocialandhistoricalbackgroundandthewriter’slifeandotherexperiences.Therefore,theanalysisofliteraturemustbestartedfromthesocialandhistoricalsituation.
Sociohistoricalapproachhasfourmaincharacteristics:
1.Analyzingliteraryworksthroughspecificsocialandhistoricalcontext.Eachliteraryworkbelongstoitsageanditspeople,eachhasitsownspecialenvironment.Itneedstobeplacedinthetimesithasbeencreated.
2.Toregardworksasacognitivemodeltodeepunderstandingofthecommunity.Socialandhistoricalcriticismtriestoanalyzeworks’socialbackgroundsoastodeeplyunderstandsociety.
3.Toviewthedegreeofreflectingtherealityasanimportantcriteriontojudgethework.Socialandhistoricalcriticismrequiresthewriterstoreflectreallife,andtoadvocatecreationoftypicalimages,thatistoseetheuniversalityfromspecificityinordertoreflecttherealityofreallife.
4.Whenexplainingaliterarywork,society,classandpoliticalfactorsarealwaysinfirstplacesoastoexploreworks’social,classandpoliticalvalue.
Socialandhistoricalcriticismhasthesignificanceoftheoriginalcriticisms,asliteratureisalwaysaproductofsocialhistory.Usinghistoricalperspectivetosearchforthespiritualrelationsbetweenliteraryandsocialhistory,andcombinetherealityofsocietyandhistoricalcontinuity,inorderthatgivendueattentiontothecomplexdiversityofliteraryandsocialhistory.Thatisjusttheessenceofsocialandhistoricalcriticism.
3.SociohistoricalanalysisoffivemarriagesinPrideandPrejudice
InPrideandPrejudice,Austenopenswithadirectreferencetomoneymarriageandshowsthathowthedelicatehumanemotionsinteractwithandareinfluencedbyfinancialconsiderations.Thebrilliantfirstsentenceoutlinestheplotandstatestheunderlyingthemeofsocialcriticism:
“Itisatruthuniversallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife”(Austen1).“agoodfortune”and“inwantof”aretwokeyphrases.“inwantof”meansthesinglemanneedsawifeobjectively,while“agoodfortune”meansthatsinglemanbecomesasubjectivetargetofthegirlwhowantstocapturehimashusband.Suchkindofwordsmakesthepropositionhavemoreobjectivityof“truth”.
Women’schoicesinJaneAusten’ssocietywereseverelylimited.Marriagewasnotmerelyaproblemoflove;whatismore,itwasaproblemofeconomy.BothAustenandherheroinesaremoreinterestedinmoneythaninothermoreimportantconsiderationswhenitcomestochoosinghusbands.However,itdoesnotmeanthatAusten’sviewsonmarriagearevulgar.Onthecontrary,theytrulyreflectthesocialandhistoricalconventionsofhertime.
Asafemalewriterofwomen’sloveandmarriageathertime,JaneAustendescribesmarriageasmoreforconvenienceratherthancompatibility.Marriageisbasedoneconomicandsocialbackgrounds.Inotherwords,itisfarmorebasedonmoneyandnoton1ove.ThroughoutPrideandPrejudice,Austen’sviewsonmarriageareconveyedthroughthemarriageofseveraldifferentcharactersandtheirmarriagepatterns.
3.1Mr.andMrs.Bennet
ThemarriageofMr.andMrs.Bennetisatypicalinstanceofthetraditionalmarriageintheeighteenthcentury.Theirmarriagequitedearlyshowsthatthetwohaveneverexperiencedmuchmutualloveandisdonemostlyforfinancialbenefit.ItisasafepreservetoMrs.Bennet,butisatragedytoMr.Benne