考研英语真题.docx

考研英语真题.docx

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考研英语真题

2011考研英语真题

（一）

（天学考研）

SectionIUseofEnglish

　　Directions：

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But__1___someclaimstothecontrary，laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels，___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__，agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway，say，walkingorjoggingdoes.

　　__6__，insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem，asexercisedoes，laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__，studiesdatingbacktothe1930‘sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles，decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

　　Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway，theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback，thatimproveanindividual‘semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion，ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

　　Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears，evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988，socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips，whichwouldproducea（n）__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown，____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__，thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

　　1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

　　2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

　　3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

　　4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

　　5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

　　6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

　　7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

　　8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

　　9.[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

　　10.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

　　11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

　　12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

　　13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

　　14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

　　15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

　　16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

　　17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

　　18.[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

　　19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

　　20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

SectionIIReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions：

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text1

　　ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart，theresponsehasbeenfavorable，tosaytheleast.“Hooray！

Atlast！

”wroteAnthonyTommasini，asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

　　Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise，however，isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini，whohadadvocatedGilbert‘sappointmentintheTimes，callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez，thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

　　Formypart，IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure，heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions，butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall，oranywhereelse，tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf，orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

　　Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime，attention，andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic，classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses，dancetroupes，theatercompanies，andmuseums，butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere，andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday‘sliveperformances；moreover，theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

　　Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert‘sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted：

AlexRoss，aclassical-musiccritic，hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent，morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference？

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed，theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica‘soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

　　21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert‘sappointmenthas

　　[A]incurredcriticism.

　　[B]raisedsuspicion.

　　[C]receivedacclaim.

　　[D]arousedcuriosity.

　　22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

　　[A]influential.

　　[B]modest.

　　[C]respectable.

　　[D]talented.

　　23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

　　[A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

　　[B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

　　[C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

　　[D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

　　24.Accordingtothetext，whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings？

　　[A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

　　[B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

　　[C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

　　[D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

　　25.RegardingGilbert‘sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic，theauthorfeels

　　[A]doubtful.

　　[B]enthusiastic.

　　[C]confident.

　　[D]puzzled.

　　Text2

　　WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust，hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses，hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision，”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks，hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup，whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

　　McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn‘talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure，executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

　　Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold，deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter，CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad，accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup，opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

　　Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey：

“Ican‘tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

　　Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven‘talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage，sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

　　Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit‘ssafertostaywhereyouare，butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted，”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho‘vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”

　　26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture，hismannercanbestbedescribedasbeing

　　[A]arrogant.

　　[B]frank.

　　[C]self-centered.

　　[D]impulsive.

　　27.AccordingtoParagraph2，seniorexecutives‘quittingmaybespurredby

　　[A]theirexpectationofbetterfinancialstatus.

　　[B]theirneedtoreflectontheirprivatelife.

　　[C]theirstrainedrelationswiththeboards.

　　[D]theirpursuitofnewcareergoals.

　　28.Theword“poached”（Line3，Paragraph4）mostprobablymeans

　　[A]appr