06269工程应用英语.docx

06269工程应用英语.docx

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06269工程应用英语

工程应用英语课程

一．单选题：

1.Computersare（B.useless）unlesstheyaregivenclearandaccurateinstructionsandinformation.

2.Active（B.Recruiting）forengineersoftenbeginsbeforethestudent’slastyearintheuniversity.

3.Forthestudentwhoispreparingtobecomea（C.Civilengineer）,thesespecializedcoursesmaydealwithsuchsubjectsasgeodeticsurveying,soilmechanics.

4.Thecivilengineermayworkinresearch,design,construction,（B.Supervision）,maintenance,oreveninsales.

5.Civilengineersworkonmanydifferentkindsof（C.Structures）.

6.Indesigningbuildings,civilengineersoftenworkas（B.Consultants）toarchitecturalorconstructionfirms.

7.Dams,bridgesandotherlargeprojectsordinarilyemployseveralengineerswhoseworkiscoordinatedbya（D.Systems）engineerwhoisinchargeoftheentireproject.

8.Constructionisa（B.Complicated）processonalmostallengineeringprojects.

9.Incompression,thematerialis（C.Pushed）together.

10.Whenasawcutseasilythroughapieceofwood,thewoodis（A.intension）.

11.Wedefined（D.Shear）asthetendencyofamaterialtofracturealongthelinesofstress.

12.Theprincipalconstructionmaterialsofearliertimeswerewoodand（C.masonrybrick）,stone,ortile,andsimilarmaterials.

13.Moderncementisamixtureof（B.limestoneandclay）.

14.Concreteisvery（D.Versatile）

15.Steelhasgreattensilestrengthwhileconcretehasgreatcompressivestrength,thus,thetwosubstances（C.Complement）eachother.

16.Onesystemthathelps（A.Cut）concreteweighttosomeextentusespolymers.

17.Theretentionmoneyservestoinsure（D.theemployer）againstanydefectsthatmayariseinthework.

18.Thecivilengineeringworkmustbecompletedtothesatisfactionoftheemployer,orhis

（D.Representative）

19.Formoderateandlongerhauls,self-loadingscraperspulledbyrubber-tiredhaulingunitsandpush-loadedbytractorsoffer（B.Lower）cost.

20.Highwaymaintenanceactivitiescanbegroupedandclassifiedaccording（D.to）thepurposeofthetreatment.

21.Engineeringisaprofession,whichmeansthatanengineermusthaveaspecialized（D．university）education.

22.Inmostcases,thetendermaybe（B．Withdrawn）atanytimeuntilithasbeenaccepted.

23.Currenttrendistorequirestudentstotakecoursesinthe（C.social）scienceandthelanguagearts.

24.Thelawrelatingtocontractsimposesoneachpartytoacontract（D.alegalobligation）toperform.

25.Indeed,thecivilengineer’schoiceis（C.large）andvaried.

26.Roadbeds（B.underlie）highwaypavementstructuresandtheballastandtrackonwhichtrainsmove.

27.Constructioncanbevery（A.dangerous）.

28.Wherematerialismovedlessthanabout60morsteeplydownhill,driftingwithatrackorwheeltypebulldozeris（A.cheapest）

29.Thrustisthepressureexertedbyeachpartofastructureon（A.itsotherpart）

30.Theweightofallthepeople,cars,furniture,andmachinesandsoonthatthestructurewillsupportwhenitisinuseis（B.liveload）

31.Intension,thematerialis（B.pulledapart）

32.Infillsconstructedbyenddumpingorbyplacinginthicklayers,material,density,andmoisturecontentcould（C.vary）greatlyfromonespottoanother.

33.Both（A.steelandcement）,thetwomostimportantconstructionmaterialsofmoderntimes,wereintroducedinthenineteenthcentury.

34.Thetotalstationisusedtomeasureanglesinbothverticalandhorizontalplanes,andtheleveltomeasure（C.elevationdifference）

35.The（B.defective）vehicleisacreatorofaccidents.

36.Prestressedconcreteisan（B.improved）formofreinforcement.

37.Asimplecontractconsistsofanagreemententeredintoby（D.twoormoreparties）

38.（B.Volume）changewouldresultindifferentialsettlementorswellbetweenadjacentareas.

39.Therearetwobasicproceduresforcontrollingtheembankmentdensity:

‘mannerandmethod’and‘（A.result）’.

40.Amainsourceofaccidents,theproblemof（C.drunken）drivingisthemostseriousofall.

41.Computerprogrammingisnowincludedinalmostallengineering（B.curricula）.

42.Therelationshipbetweenengineeringandsocietyisgetting（C.Closer）

43.Typesofcontractsarevirtuallyclassifiedbytheir（D.payment）system:

（1）price-basedand

（2）cost-based.

44.Computerscan’tsolvecomplicatedproblemsunlesstheyaregiven（D.agoodprogram）

45.Inrecentyears,rippershavebeenusedsuccessfullyto（C.breakup）looseorfracturedrock.

46.Civilengineeringprojectsarealmostalways（A.distinctive）

47.Usuallythereare（C.no）easyanswersonequipmentselection.

48.（A.Vertical）forceactsupanddown.

49.Layeredconstructionalsoproducedgreateruniformityinthematerial（D.itself）andinitsdensityandmoisturecontent.

50.Theactualcostofanysinglehighwaytrafficaccidentisextremely（C.difficult）todetermine.

51.Basically,causesofautomobileaccidentscanbecategorized（D.into）fourmajorgroups.

52.Electronicdistancemeasuring（EDM）notonlycanmeasurethedistancebetweenobjectsbutalsodetermine（A.thedirection）

53.（A.Twoof）therecentimprovementinvisibilityarewraparoundwindshieldsandnarrowedroofsupportpillars.

54.Thereisagreatdealthattheactualhighwaydesignercan（C.doto）preventaccident.

55.Toavoidthedrivingafterdrinking,oneofthemethodsis（B.breathtest）.

56.Itissuitableforremotesensingtechniquetobeusedforhighwaylocationin（C.mountainouscountrywithoutforest）.

57.Theinformationontheaerialphotographscanbeconvertedintomapswiththehelpofstereoscopeswhichisabletoseeobjectsin（C.threedimensions）

58.Thenormalsteeldoesnotexertanyforceofitsownonthemember,（B.contrary）totheactionofprestressingsteel.

59.Theextensiveuseofprestressedstructureshasbeenduein（A.no）smallmeasurestotheadvancesinthetechnology.

60.Theemployerselectsthecontractorfortheprojectby（D.Bidding）.

61.Manydifferent（A.corporations）andgovernmentagencieshavecompetedfortheservicesofengineersinrecentyears.

62.Civilengineersmayprefertoworkwithoneofthegovernmentagenciesthat（B.deals）withwaterresources.

63.Itisnormalpracticefor（B.a）engineertospecializeinjustonekind.

64.Constructioninvolvestheworkandutilizingtheequipmentandthematerialssothatcostsarekeptas（C.low）aspossible.

65.Forexample,（B.dams）areoftenbuiltinwildrivervalleysorgorges.

66.Electricalandmechanicalengineersworkonthe（A.design）ofthepowerhouseanditsequipment.

67.InRome,mostofthepeoplelivedin（B.insulse）,greattenementblocksthatwereoftentenstorieshigh.

68.Theprospectivecivilengineershouldbeawareofthephysical（A.Conditions）thatwillbemadeonhimorher.

69.Muchoftheworkofcivilengineeringiscarriedon（C.outdoors）

70.Inaddition,thebuildingofskyscrapers,bridgesandtunnelsmustalsoprogressunderallkindsof（C.weather）conditions.

71.TheRomansalsousedanaturalcementcalledpozzolana,madefrom（B.volcanicash）,thatbecameashardasstoneunderwater.

72.Differentproportionsoftheingredientsproduceconcretewith（A.different）strengthandweight.

73.（A.Prestressed）concretehasmadeitpossibletodevelopbuildingswithunusualshapes.

74.Themodernengineermustalsounderstandthe（C.different）stressestowhichthematerialsinastructurearesubject.

75.Today,scientificdatapermittheengineertomakecarefulcalculations（D.inadvance）

76.Theforcewhichtheliveloadwillbeexertedonthestructureis（C.Impact）

77.Whenasawbeginstobind,thewoodis（A.incompressionbecause）thefibersinitarebeingpushedtogether.

78.（D.Steel）rodsarebentintotheshapestogivethemthenecessarydegreeoftensilestrength.

79.Manygreatbuildingsbuiltinearlieragesaremassivestructureswith（B.thickstonewalls）

80.Weallenterintocontractsalmosteverydayforthesupplyfgoods,（Btransportation）etc.

81.Somecontractsmustbemadeinaparticular（D.form）tobeenforceable.

82.Onceapersonhassignedadocumentheisassumedtohave（B.approved）itscontents.

83.Bysettingdownthetermsofacontractinwritingonesecuresavoiding（A.disputes）

84.Inanentirecontract,where（D.theemployer）agreestopayacertainsuminreturnforcivilengineeringwork..

85.（B.Thecontractor）isnotentitledtoanypaymentifheabandonstheworkpriortocompletion.

86.Thecontractorisnotentitledtoreceivepaymentin（A.full）untiltheworkissatisfactorilycompleted.

87.Atenderisnormallyrequiredtobeadefinite（C.offer）

88.Generally,civilengineeringcontractsprovidefortheissueof（B.interimcertificates）atvariousstagesoftheworks.

89.Itdoesnotgivetheemployertherighttodemandan（A.unusually）highstandardofqualitythroughouttheworks.

90.Theemployerdoesnotusuallybindhimselftoacceptthelowestorindeedanytenderandthisisoftenstatedinthe（C.advertisement）

91.Acontracthasbeendefinedasanagreementwhichdirectlycreatesandcontemplates（C.anobligation）

92.Whenweenterintocontractswearewillingto（C.pay）fortheservicewereceive.

93.Ifthereisnowrittenagreementand（C.adispute）arisesinrespectofthecontract.

94.Therubber-tiredtractorunitshavedifficultyinoperatingon（D.wet）,slipperyroadbeds.

95.Thereare（A.Many）variablesinearthmoving.

96.Theterm（D.Embankment）describesthefilladdedabovethelowpointsalongtheroadwaytoraisetheleveltothebottomofthepavementstructure.

97.Materialfor（B.embankment）commonlycomesfromroadwaycutsordesignatedborrowareas.

98.（C.Field）controlislargelyamatterofconductingthespecifie