如何翻译英文sentence.docx
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如何翻译英文sentence
1 Structure of English News Reporting （
英语新闻报道的结构
） 1 What makes news?
（新闻的构成特点）
---- proximity 接近性，地域性
----- prominence 重要性，显著性
-----timeliness 及时性，实效性
-----impact 影响，效果
-----conflict and controversy 冲突和争议性
-----uniqueness 独特性
---human interest 人情味（报纸杂志新闻中）
2 the components of news
英语新闻报道在写作形式上和中文新闻报道可以说完全不一样，
通常采用“倒金字塔”结构，即新闻写作按照新闻事件的重要性依次排列。
A news story may include:
（1）Headline 标题
（2）Lead 导语
（3）The body 主体（4）Dateline 电头（可省略） （5）The closing paragraph （可省略）
Most news stories have a very clear style. They give the main points at the top in the
headline and the lead paragraph. The body of the story then adds details, statements
and comments from people involved in the story, plus any background the writer feels
in necessary.
3 Headline （大写 标题） （
Phrase headline
；
Sentence headline
）揭示新闻内容
的简明醒目的文字
是新闻内容的概括
U.S. ATTACKED
（from New York Times）
A Day of Terror （Washington Post）
Day of Terror （The Dallas Morning News）
Terror Strikes Heart of US （From China Daily）
A headline is a sentence, phrase, word, or group of words set in
large, bold type
on a
newspaper
front
page
or
above
a
body
of
text
on
any
page
of
a
newspaper
or
magazine. The purpose of a headline is to attract attention and usually to encourage
the reading of the following copy. Headlines may be written in
bold
and are written
in
a
much
larger
size
than
the
article
text.
Headline
conventions
include
normally
using
present
tense,
omitting
forms
of
the
verb
“to
be”
in
certain
contexts,
and
removing short articles like “a” and “the”.
Headlines pack a great deal of information into a limited space, so a good headline is
usually simple and direct.
France boosting U.N. troops
---
France
will
send
a
total
of
2,000
soldiers
for
the
UN
peacekeeping
force
in
Lebanon.
Air marshals to casual
------- Air marshal will be allowed to dress the way they want.
（1） Sentence headlines and phrase headlines
6
US-Russia spy swap in Vienna
Bomb plot against Thai PM foiled
Thousands flee as Hurricane Dean heads for Mexico
China supports Venezuela’s bid for UN council
US looks to curb Iran
Road Accidents Claim 33 Lives in India
Indian states ban Coke, Pepsi sales
Technology:
a Musician’s Friend or Foe
France to Boost Lebanon Force to 2000
Beijing Ga
mes organizers pledge “no corruption”
US backs greater IMF say for China
Energy deals inked with Venezuela
Bangladesh Imposes Curfew to Stifle Protests
Violence, fraud mar Afghan election
France deports Roma Gypsies
Strongest typhoon hits
Hints for Putin
’
s comeback
E Punctuation
In order to conserve space in headlines, comma is sometimes used to replace
“
and
”
and colon to
indicate the source or content of a claim, etc.
e.g. Dynamite Found in Luggage, Flights Disrupted
China, Viet Nam accelerates oil project
Hotels, shops to shut doors in tense Mexican city
Dutch:
No terrorism in plane incident
US Generals:
Baghdad Violence Curbed
Poll:
Majority of Britons feel threatened by Islam
Expert:
Not premature puberty
F Rhetoric devices
Rhetoric devices often used in writing of newspaper headlines.
e.g.
----
Seoul
demands
North
Korea
not
conduct
nuclear
weapons
test
（metonymy-----
words
which use part of a concept in order to convey the meaning of the whole）
----
The
Pentagon
Surfs
the
Web
for
Recruits
（refer
to
the
US
military,
metonymy,
personification ）
----- After the Boom Everything is Gloom（rhyme ---- correspondence of terminal sounds of words
or of lines of verse）
---BITTERSWEET VICTORY FOR DEVOTED FANS
（oxymoron ----
矛盾修饰
）
EUROPE ADDS SOME MUSCLE IN LEB FORCE （metaphor）
4
Summary Lead （
导语
）
Hard news stories usually begin with a summary lead, a terse opening paragraph that provides the
gist of the story and invites readers inside. The summary lead should be brief, generally no more
than
35
words.
It
is
usually
a
single
sentence,
but
it
be
broken
into
more
than
one
sentence.
7
Summary leads are used on news stories because they gibe the major points immediately. In that
way, people do not have to guess or wait to find out the news. Most people do not have time to
read a newspaper from start to end. Because they spend so little time with the news and often do
not read entire articles, they demand the most important points at the start of the story.
（1） Summary leads should do two things:
1） summarize the story
2） invite readers inside
Europe Offering Bulk of UN Force （headline ）
Big hurdles Remain for Lebanon Mission
（sub-headline）
By Molly Moore （byline ）
Washington Post Foreign Service
BRUSSELS,
Aug.25
（dateline,
电头
）----
European
countries
agreed
Friday
to
provide
about
half
the
troops
for
a
new
15,000
member
UN
peacekeeping
force
in
southern
Lebanon,
with
a
significant
contingent
expected
to
arrive
within
a
week,
officials
announced
after
an
emergency meeting here. （a summary lead in a sentence ）
A summary lead generally tops a traditional form of writing called an inverted pyramid, in which
the
news
is
stacked
in
paragraphs
in
order of
descending
importance.
The
lead
summarizes
the
principal
items
of
a
news
event.
The
second
paragraph
and
each
succeeding
paragraph
contain
secondary or supporting details in order of decreasing significance. All the paragraphs in the story
contain
newsworthy
information,
but
each
paragraph
is
less
vital
than
the
one
before
it.
Inverted-pyramid form puts the climax of a story at the beginning, in the lead.
News
papers
adopt
the
inverted-pyramid
form
because
it
capsulizes
the
news
quickly.
It
lets
readers grasp the news of the day conveniently by simply skimming lead paragraphs
A summary lead tells an audience the most important of the six primary lelements of
an event, the five W’s and H.
---- who the event happened to , or who acted on whom;
---- what happened or will happen;
---- where the action occurred;
---- when it happened;
---- why the action took place; the reason behind it;
---- how it happened
Reporters look
for these six elements
whenever they cover a news event. The most
8
important elements go into the summary lead. The less important elements go into the
second and succeeding paragraphs. In most cases it would take too many words to try
to put all six elements into one lead paragraph.
BAGHDAD
（AP）
---
A
car
bomb
exploded
in
the
parking
lot
of
a
government-run
newspaper in Iraq’s capital Sunday, killing at least one perso
n and injuring 30, police
said.
What:
a car bomb exploded
Where:
in the parking lot of a government-
run newspaper in Iraq’s capital
When:
Sunday
How:
the explosion killed at least one person and injured 30
Practice
US_Russia spy swap in Vienna
（from China daily）
Vienna---- Russian and US jets on Friday brought 14 spoes from either side to Vienna
for the biggest espionage agent swap since the Cold war.
A US jet carrying 10 members of Russian spy ring caught in the United States arrived
from New York and parked next to a Russian government jet believed to have brought
four Russians jailed for working for Western nations.
1 find the Headline, lead, dateline
2 analyze the first sentence, try to find five W’s and a How
China will lift jet fuel surcharges for the second time in a year on domestic flights to
help air carriers cope with the impact of--------.
Where:
What:
why:
A summary lead usually provides attribution
（消息来源）
. Attribution （or source of
news） tells an audience who gave information to a reporter. It adds authenticity and
authority
to
a
story.
An
audience
looks
at
or
hears
what
the
sources
say
and
then
evaluate the worth of their statements. Usually if the source is very well known and
important,
it
will
come
at
the
beginning
of
the
sentence;
more
often,
however,
the
source will come at the end.
Practice:
9 die in hostage crisis
The death toll of Hong Kong tourists in the Philippine bus hostage crisis has risen to 9,
Xinhua reported. The Chinese embassy in the Philippines said China hopes that the
Philippines spare no effort to save the injured and recognize the victims and asks the
Philippines for a formal written explanation as soon as possible.
明确指出消息来源
About
600.000
people
who
are
living
in
geological
hazard-prone
areas
of
Shaanxi
will be resettled in the next 10 years, xinhuanet reported Wednesday, citing
Shaanxi
Vice Governor Yao Yinliang.
明确指出消息来源
According to unconfirmed sources of the website, -----
酌情含蓄注明出消息来源
9
Relation Between lead and Headline
标题是对导语的浓缩或提炼
headline is the essence of the lead
导语是标题的扩展
lead is the extension of the headline
5 Body
The headline and the lead tell you the main ideas of the news story, but they do so in a
very
shortened
form.
They
give
you
enough
information,
however,
to
allow
you
to
make an important decision. They allow you to decide whether you want to read the
story or to skip it and move on to another more interesting story.
If
you
decide
to
continue
reading,
the
body
of
the
story
is
where
you
find
detailed
information.
Basically,
the
body
will
give
you
three
kind
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