2可数名词.docx
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2可数名词
可数名词
一.单数变复数
1.一般情况
情况
变化方法
特殊情况
1
一般情况
加s
2
以s,x,sh,ch结尾
加es
3
以辅音字母+y结尾
变y为i加es
以元音字母+y结尾
加s
4
以0结尾
加es
heroes,potatoes,Negroes,echoes
tomatoes,torpedoes,dominoes,vetoes
①词末为两个原音字母,加s
Bamboos,radios,studios,zoos,cuckoos,kangaroos,folios,embryos
②某些外来词加s
Photos,solos,pianos,kilos,tobaccos,memos,Eskimos,Filipinos
③有些词加s或es都可以
Banjo,cargo,motto,volcano,buffalo,archipelago,halo,manifesto,tornado
5
以f/fe结尾
变f/fe为v再加es
Leaf,life,shelf,wife,thief,half,knife,wolf,loaf,self
1有些词直接加s
Roofs,cliffs,proofs,hoofs,chiefs,gulfs,beliefs
②有些词加s或es都可以
Scarf,handkerchief,dwarf
2.特殊情况
①man-men,woman-women,tooth-teeth,foot-feet,child-children,goose-geese,mouse-mice,ox-oxen
②sanatorium-sanatoria(疗养院),phenomenon-phenomena,stratum-strata(地层),formula-formulae,thesis-theses,basis-bases,analysis-analyses,criterion-criteria,crisis-crises,appendix-appendices
3.单复数同形
Chinese,Japanese,barracks(兵营),aircraft,sheep,deer,swine,means,series,species,works…
4.合成名词
Lookers-on,runners-up,sons-in-law,editors-in-chief,grand-children,armymen,go-betweens,drawbacks,menservants,womendoctors
二.特别注意
1.有些名词形式上是复数但其意义是单数
疾病名称:
measles(麻疹),mumps(腮腺炎),rickets(佝偻病),diabetes(糖尿病),phlebitis(静脉炎),arthritis(关节炎)…
学科名称:
mathematics,linguistics,politics,economics,acoustics,phonetics,physics,optics...
比赛名称:
billiards(台球),checkers(西洋跳棋),fives(一种类似手球游戏),darts(投镖游戏),marbles,(打弹子游戏)skittles(九柱戏),draughts(国际跳棋)…
专有名词:
Athens(雅典),Naples(那不勒斯),theUnitedStates,TheUnitedNations…
2.由两个部分组成的物件名词常用复数
衣服:
trousers,pants,pajamas(睡衣),braces(吊带、括号),breeches(马裤)…
用具:
scissors,shears(剪切机),pincers(钳子),spectacles,tongs(夹子),compasses,scales,pliers(钳子),glasses,briefs(内裤),shorts,
说明:
这些名词作主语谓语动词用复数,但前面有apairof时用单数
3.以-ings结尾的名词
Belongings,earnings,savings,filings(锉屑),lodgings(出租的住房),surroundings,sweepings(垃圾),doings,tidings,findings,shavings(切屑),
4.有些词通常一复数形式出现
Alms(施舍),arms,archieves,clothes,contents,eaves(屋檐),fireworks,goods,outskirts(郊区),minutes(会议记录)soapsuds(有泡沫的肥皂水),stairs,suburbs(近郊),theMiddleAges,wages(工资),statistics,overalls(工作服),remains(遗体),congratulations,thanks,assets(资产、财产),living-quarters(住宅),riches(财产),ashes,valuables,amends(赔款、赔偿),annals(编年史、年报),headquarters(总部、司令部),tropics(热带)…
5.有些名词在一定的词组中一定要用复数形式
Takepains,presentcredentials,makearrangements,makepreparations,giveregardsto,beatoddswith(和…不和),singthepraisesof,giverespectsto,masterofceremonies(司仪),beinhighspirits…
6.有些名词复数形式表示特别意思
Minutes,papers,goods,authorities,greens,looks,times,manners,customs,grounds(围院),ruins,damages(赔偿金),brains(智力),imports,troops…
三.名词单复数练习
1.写出下列各名词的复数形式
Babybranchtaxmousebushplaceinchcatrooftoothphenomenongoosedishlakeprinceoxmassbutterflyhandkerchiefsuccessholidayhouseknifemapshelfpianoglasstomatoheromonthmouthbridgebrother-in-lawgentlemancommander-in-chiefgrown-upwomanworkerbasisanalysisindexnucleus-nuclei(核子)erratum-errata(写错)
2.用名词的适当形式填空
⑴Beforeliberationhecouldhardlyliveonhis____________(wage).
⑵Onehastobeespecialycarefulundersuch___________(circumstance).
⑶Ourinstituteisinthewestern__________(suburb)ofBeijing.
⑷Theschool___________(authority)willtakecareofit.
⑸Thenewambassadorpresentedhis___________(credential)tothePresidentyesterday.
⑹Thestudentsaremaking_____________(preparation)forthecomingfestival.
⑺Haveyoumade___________(arrangement)foryourtriptoQingdao?
⑻Mostofthethehousesinthevillagewereburntto__________(ash)duringthewar.
⑼Thetruckwasloadedwith_____________(bedding),___________(suitcase)and_______(food).
10Whenareyoytoreportonyour___________(finding).
11Heismakingastudyoffreshwater___________(fish).
12Therearemorethanadozen___________(goldfish)inthebowl.
13Nowthepeopleareeatingmore__________(fruit)thantheydidbeforeliberation.
14Various___________(fruit)areonsalenow.
15Pleasetellusaboutyour____________(experience)inTibet.
16Everyonewasinhigh___________(spirit).
17Thetreesarenowinfull___________(blossom).
18Thetreewascoveredwith__________(blossom).
19Itcontainedalittlequantityof__________(hair);notmorethanoneortwolonggolden___________(hair).
20Theyexchanged___________(greeting)whenevertheymeteachother.
(21)Todayheiscapableofmakingscientific__________(analysis)ofnatural__________(phenomenon).
3.将下列短语翻译成英语
一把剪刀
一条裤子
一副眼镜
他的所有物
他的积蓄
他的作品
军备竞争
祝贺
住宅
城郊
贵重物品
武装部队
物理学
语言学
经济学
统计学
数学
杂技
政治学
当局
自然资源
情绪高昂
路费
观光
摆架子
随身物品
内部事务
有礼貌
出示证件
举行谈判
工作条件
外交关系
名词的性和所有格
一.常见分阴阳性的名词
阳性
阴性
god
goddess
emperor
empress
king
queen
prince
princess
actor
actress
waiter
waitress
master
mistress
host
hostess
heir
hieress
shepherd
shepherdess
count
countess
landlord
landlady
chairman
chairwoman
wizard
witch
priest
priestess
poet
poetess
manager
manageress
widower
widow
hero
heroine
lad
lass
nephew
niece
bridegroom
bride
lion
lioness
tiger
tigeress
bull
cow
horse
mare
cock
hen
drake
duck
headmaster
headmistress
mayor
mayoress
二.练习(翻译)
男教师
女作家
男朋友
女朋友
男警察
女警察
男售货员
女售货员
男护士
女歌手
母象
公象
母猴
雄狼
母山羊
表姐妹
表兄弟
三.名词所有格
老李的电话号码
他嫂子的朋友
总编辑室
农民协会主席
今天的报纸
坐车半小时的路程
政府的政策
大多数人的意见
公司的董事之一
国家的计划
北京的公园
地球的表面
这个省的人口
这个岛的南端
这个农场的水果收成
车站的候车室
旅馆的门口
学校的历史
哈佛大学语言学系
工业的布局
这本书的名称
这个单词的语法作用
thecar’sengine
themachine’sdesign
hislife’saim
thetreaty’sratification
thenovel’splot
science’srole
thebody’sneeds
thepoll’sresults
themind’sdevelopment
为了友情
黔驴技穷
尽情地
在某人的心目中
博士学位
鲁迅的一本小说
老杨的几个学生
我哥哥的一些朋友
学生会
女工宿舍
总司令的命令
别人的房间
我嫂嫂弟弟的女儿
一年的艰苦劳动
元旦
除夕
鸟瞰图
国际儿童节
尽情歌唱
寄件人地址
留言薄
旅行支票
一元钱的肉
国际劳动妇女节
四.名词作定语
1.单数名词作定语
paperflower
cottongoods
orangejuice
powerplant
timetable
firebrigade
familyplanning
researchproject
newsbroadcast
pressconference
headlibrarian
headnurse
eyedrops
nosedrops
welcomeparty
welcomespeech
emergencydepartment
brainconcussion
seasonticket
inquiryoffice
expreetrain
weatherforecast
weatherstation
featurefilm
seatbelt
forestbelt
songanddanceensemble
box-officevalue
importduty
tradedeficit
identitycard
customsofficer
空调
装配线
银行账户
人才流失
停车场
信用卡
带沟
医疗中心
所得税
母语
失业救济金
军备竞赛
血压
开罐器
隐形眼镜contactlens
药棉cottonwool
死刑
温室效应
矿泉水
卫生纸
福利国家
激光唱盘compactdisc
急救
人权
神经失常
手榴弹handgrenade
北极熊
验血
副作用
贸易代表团
强权政治
恐怖电影
邮政编码
(电话)区号
姓
新闻社
和谈
就业指导careersguide
峰会summitconference
汇票moneyorder
运动会
心脏病
入学考试
闹钟
客机
商品交易会commoditiesfair
新闻稿newsrelease
2.复数名词作定语
goodstrain
armsdepot军火库
machineshall
parksdepartment
examinationsboard
sportsmeet
commoditiesfair
savingsbank
coursescommittee
entertainmentsguide
acustomshouse
anArtsdegree文科学位
agrantscommittee补助金委员会
3.比较
goldreserve----goldensunshine
hearttrouble----heartywelcome
artcircle----artisticlevel
silverdollar----silveryhair
stonehouse----stonyheart
snowmountain----snowytable-cloth
raindrops----rainyseason
rosegarden----rosycheeks
colourfilm----colourfuldresses
mountainvillage----mountainousarea
historyteacher----historicalplay
geographylesson----geographicalterm
peacetalk----peacefulconstruction
youthdeligation----youthfulapperance
productionplan----productivelabour
4.选择正确选项
①Youshouldn’tmisssucha_________opporyunity.
Helefthima___________ring.
(gold,golden)
②Heproducedafew___________coins.
Shehasgota___________vioce.
(silver,silvery)
③Hisreportarousedgreatinterestamongthe___________circle.
Anumberteachersofourinstituteareengagedin_____________research.
(science,scientific)
④Passmethe____________bottle,please.
Thewallisof____________colour.
(milk,milky)
⑤A__________hallistobebuiltinthiscitythissummer.
Theviolinisa____________instrument.
(music,musical)
⑥Thereisa____________gallerynearWangfujingStreet.
Thebookisfullof____________descriptions.
(picture,picturesque)
⑦Somepeoplelikethebookforits__________language.
Thereisagardeninourinstitute.
(flower,flowery)
⑧)Over90percentofthewomeninourvillagearetakingpartin___________labour.
Allthefactoriesinthisdistrictareengagedinthe___________campaign.
(production,productive)
五.口语练习
Greetings
1.Hello---hello
2.Hi---Hi
3.Goodmoring---Goodmorning
4.Howdoyoudo?
---Howdoyoudo?
5.Howareyou?
---Fine,thankyou,Andyou?
6.Howareyoudoing?
---Fine.Thanks.Andyou?
7.Howisit/everythinggoing?
---Fine/Prettygood.ThanksAndyou?
8.Howarethingswithyou?
---Fine/Pettygood.Thankyou.Howaboutyou?
9.What’sup?
---Justfine.Thanks.Andyou?
10.What’snew?
---Soso/Notbad.Whataboutyou?
11.Howisyouwife?
/Howisyoufamily?
---Notbad.Thanks.
12.What’shappening?
---Nothingmuch.
13.Sir
14.Madam
15.Gentlemen
16.Ladies
17.Mr….
18.Miss…
19.Mrs…
20.Ms…
21.A.Hi
B.__________
23.A.Howdoyoudo?
B._______________.
22.24.A.Goodmorning,Sir/Madam?
B.___________________
25.A.Howisyoufather?
B._____________________
26.A.Howareyou?
B.________________.
27.A.Howislifewithyou?
B.____________________
28.Justaminute,sir?
B.________________________
29.Howwasyourholiday?
B._________________________