厦门大学英语基础知识.docx

厦门大学英语基础知识.docx

《厦门大学英语基础知识.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《厦门大学英语基础知识.docx（23页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

厦门大学英语基础知识

厦门大学2004年招收攻读硕士学位研究生

入学考试试题

招生专业外国语言学及应用语言学考试科目及代码321英语基础知识

研究方向英语应用语言学英美文学叙述学

注意：

答案必须标明题号，按序写在专用答题纸上，写在本试卷上或草稿纸上者一律不给分。

PartI:

ReadingComprehension（50%）

Directions:

Readthefollowingpassagesandanswerthequestionsaftereachpassage.MarkyouranswersontheAnswerSheetonly.

Passage1

Teachersandlibrariansneedtobeawareoftheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience,andtheyneedtogiveseriousthoughttohowtheycanbestaccommodatesuchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementandexercise,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.Becausetheyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthereassurancethatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsareadmiredbyothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbewisetoplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers;forexample,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,displayingstudentartwork,andsponsoringsciencefiction,fantasy,orotherspecial-interestbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovidemultipleopportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessfulgroupdynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthesecurityofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadultbarelyvisibleinthebackground.

Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthatyoungteenshaveshortattentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganizedsothatparticipantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoontosomethingelsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipantsdown.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.Onthecontrary,theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentbyplanningforrolesthatarewithintheircapabilitiesandtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.Teenagersneedlimitations,buttheyalsoneedtheopportunitytohelpestablishwhattheselimitsandexpectationswillbe.

Adultsalsoneedtorealizethatthegoalofmostadolescentsistoleavechildhoodbehindastheymoveintoadulthood.Thishasimplicationsforwhetherlibrariestreatyoungadultservicesasabranchofthechildren’sortheadults’department.Fewteenagersaregoingtowanttositonsmallchildren’schairsorcompetewithnine-andten-year-oldswhentheypickbooksofftheshelves.Neitheraretheygoingtobeattractedtobooksthatusethewordchildrenorpicturepreteensonthecovers.

Youngadultswantawidevarietyofinformationalbooksaboutaspectsoftheirlivesthatarenew;forexample,thephysicaldevelopmentoftheirbodies,thenewfreedomtheyhavetoassociatemainlywithpeersinsteadoffamily,andtheaddedresponsibilitiestheyfeelindecidingwhatkindsofadultrolestheywillfit.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaccuratelyreflectstheviewoftheauthor?

（A）Thereadingmaterialavailableinlibrariesandschoolsmeetstheemotional,intellectual,andphysicalchangesforstudents.

（B）Youngadultsneedtohavetheoptionforreadingmaterialthatspeakstotheneedsoftheirdevelopingphysicalandemotionalmakeup.

（C）Teachersarereadytoassiststudentswithreadingmaterial.

（D）Readingmaterialmeetstheneedsoflifechangesforteens.

2.Ascomparedwithchildren’sliterature,adolescentliterature

（A）dealswiththeemotionalneeds.

（B）concernsitselfwithintellectualchanges.

（C）approachesthephysicalneeds.

（D）alloftheabove.

3.Theparticularrecommendationofthisarticleisthat

（A）childrenandadolescentsneedtobeseparated.

（B）theneedsofadolescentsaregreaterthanthoseofchildren.

（C）theneedsofchangingadolescentsmustbeaccommodated.

（D）librariesandclassroomsareconstructedforallstudents.

4.Themainideaofthisarticleisthe

（A）needforhavingclubsforstudentsthatwillhelpthemtocompete.

（B）realitythatstudentactivitiescanhelptoprovideanon-threateningenvironmentforyouth.

（C）environmentforlearningissetbyfurnishings.

（D）implicationthatteachersandlibrariansshouldbeawareofwaystoassistyoungadultsincopingwithlife’schanges.

5.Accordingtothisselection,theprimarydesireofyoungadultsisforliteraturethatwill

（A）provideinformationaboutmovingfromchildhoodtoadulthood.

（B）letthemseethemselvesinafavorablelight.

（C）providethemwithapatterntofollow.

（D）giveexcitinglooksintothefutureasanadult.

Passage2

JohnRuskinwasbornin1819inthefamilyofarichwinemerchantinLondon.Hisparentsdidnotsendhimtoschoolbuthadhimtaughtathome.Hismother,averyreligiouswoman,madehimreadtheBiblefrombeginningtoend,turningtotheGenesisagainassoonashehadreachedtheApocalypse,yearinyearout.Theresultofthistrainingwas,hesays,‘tomakeeverywordoftheScripturesfamiliartomyearinhabitualmusic”.

RuskinenteredOxfordatseventeen,in1836.Butanattackofconsumptionmadehimleavetheuniversityin1840.FortwoyearshetraveledandstudiedartandarchitectureinEurope,independently.Duringthesetrips,heformedhisownaestheticthoughtandgatheredmaterialsforhisbook“ModernPainters”.AftertakinghisdegreeatOxfordattwenty-four,hepublishedthefirstvolumeof“ModernPainters”,whichmadehimfamousasanartcritic.Thefivevolumesofthewholeworkappearedoveraperiodofseventeenyears（1843-60）.While“ModernPainters”wasstillonhand,Ruskinwroteandpublished“TheSevenLampsofArchitecture”（1849）and“TheStonesofVenice”（1851-3）.Thesethreebooksarehismajorworksinthesphereofartcriticism.

After1860Ruskinturnedhisattentiontosocialproblems,andhisliterarycareerwitnessedatransitionfromartcriticismtosocialcriticism.Todowhathecouldtoalleviatethemiseryofpeople’slifebecamehismission.Helecturedtoworkersandwrotearticlesonsocialreforms.In1860aseriesofhisessaysonpoliticaleconomyappearedin“TheCornhillMagazine”editedbyThackeray.ButtheoppositionofthebourgeoisreaderstotheseessayswassostrongthatThackeraywascompelledtostoptheirpublication.Anotherseriesofpapersoneconomicscontributedtothe“Fraser’sMagazine”metwiththesamefate.Thesetwoseriesofarticleswerepublishedlaterinbookfromas“UntoThisLast”（1862）and“MuneraPulveris”（1872）.Hisconcernforsocialproblemsisagainshownin“SesameandLilies”（1865）,whichcontainstwolonglectures:

Thefirst,“Sesame:

OfKings’Treasuries”,dealswiththequestionsofwhattoreadandhowtoread;thesecond,“Lilies:

OfQueen’sGardens,”treatsoftheeducationandpowerofwomen.ToRuskin,“UntoThisLast”and“SesameandLilies”contain“thechieftruthsIhaveendeavoredthroughallmypastlifetodisplay”.

6.WhydidRuskinleaveOxford?

（A）Hemetafinancialproblem.

（B）Hedidnotpasstheexamination.

（C）HewantedtotravelaroundEuropeandstudyartandarchitecture.

（D）Hewassickatthattime.

7.ThepassagesaidthatRuskinturnedhisattentiontosocialproblemsafter1860because____.

（A）Ruskin’sbook“ModernPainters”endedatthattime

（B）Ruskin’sworksweretheevidence

（C）TheauthorknewthatfromthebiographyofRuskin

（D）Ruskindeclareditatthattime

8.Accordingtothepassage,whathappenedtosomeeconomicpapersofRuskinin1860?

（A）Theywerenotpublished.

（B）Theyweredelayedbytheeditorfor2years.

（C）Ruskindidnotcontributeuntil2yearslater.

（D）Theywereacceptedbythebourgeoisreaders.

Passage3

Blackholes,whenimagined,areunimaginable.Butpopularculturegotusedtothemanyway.Blackholesarethestarsofmovies,theheroesofbooks,thebywordforallkindsofbadrisks.Theyareoverfamiliarandallbutcliché.Luckily,astronomersarenotboredyet.Inthelastfewyears,theyhavefoundincreasingevidenceofblackholesbothinourgalaxyandoutsideit.Thesedays,what’smostunbelievableaboutblackhoesisthattheyseemtobereal.

Forcertainstars,blackholesaretheafterlife.Starsthesizeofoursunspendtheirlivesburningfuelandradiatinglight,balancingtheradiation’spushoutwardagainstgravity’spullinward.Asastarrunsoutoffuel,gravitybeginstowin.Thestarcondensesandshrinkssmallerandsmalleruntilgravity’spullisagainbalanced,thistimebytheforcethatkeepselectronsfromcrowdingtooclosetogether.Thestar,nowcalledawhitedwarf,shinesforawhile,thengraduallycoolsanddims.

Instarswithmassesmorethaneighttimesthesun’s,gravityiscorrespondinglystronger.Thesestarsdiewithabanginsupernovaexplosions,whichblowawaymuchofthestar’smass.Ifwhatremainsislessthanthreesolarmasses,gravityjamsthenegativelychargedelectronsandthepositivelychargedprotonstogether.Theoppositechargesneutralizeeachother,andtheremnantcore,nowcomposedentirelyofneutrons,iscalledaneutronstar.Ithasshrunktoabouttenmilesindiameter.Matterthiscompact“beggarsdescription,”saysJeffreyMcClintock,anastronomerattheHarvard-SmithsonianCenterforastrophysicsinMassachusetts.IftheGreatLakesweremadethiscompact,theywouldfitintoabathroomsink.“‘Compact’isthewordweliketouse,”McClintockadds,“because‘dense’doesn’tevencoverit.”Neutronstarsshinewhenthey’reformed,mostbrightlyinXrays;theyalsohavemagneticfieldsthatcansendoutcrisppulsesofradiowaves.

Instarswithmassesfortytimesthesun’s,gravityisstrongenoughtomaketheunthinkablehappen.Th