考研英语一阅读理解真题大全.docx

考研英语一阅读理解真题大全.docx

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考研英语一阅读理解真题大全

考研英语一阅读理解真题大全

　　考研英语一阅读理解真题大全1

　　Text1

　　Amongtheannoyingchallengesfacingthemiddleclassisonethatwillprobablygounmentionedinthenextpresidentialcampaign:

Whathappenswhentherobotscomefortheirjobs?

　　Dontdismissthatpossibilityentirely.AbouthalfofU.S.jobsareathighriskofbeingautomated,accordingtoaUniversityofOxfordstudy,withthemiddleclassdisproportionatelysqueezed.Lower-incomejobslikegardeningordaycaredontappealtorobots.Butmanymiddle-classoccupations-trucking,financialadvice,softwareengineering—havearousedtheirinterest,orsoonwill.Therichowntherobots,sotheywillbefine.

　　Thisisnttobealarmist.Optimistspointoutthattechnologicalupheavalhasbenefitedworkersinthepast.TheIndustrialRevolutiondidntgosowellforLudditeswhosejobsweredisplacedbymechanizedlooms,butiteventuallyraisedlivingstandardsandcreatedmorejobsthanitdestroyed.Likewise,automationshouldeventuallyboostproductivity,stimulatedemandbydrivingdownprices,andfreeworkersfromhard,boringwork.Butinthemediumterm,middle-classworkersmayneedalotofhelpadjusting.

　　Thefirststep,asErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfeeargueinTheSecondMachineAge,shouldberethinkingeducationandjobtraining.Curriculums—fromgrammarschooltocollege-shouldevolvetofocuslessonmemorizingfactsandmoreoncreativityandcomplexcommunication.Vocationalschoolsshoulddoabetterjoboffosteringproblem-solvingskillsandhelpingstudentsworkalongsiderobots.Onlineeducationcansupplementthetraditionalkind.Itcouldmakeextratrainingandinstructionaffordable.Professionalstryingtoacquirenewskillswillbeabletodosowithoutgoingintodebt.

　　ThechallengeofcopingwithautomationunderlinestheneedfortheU.S.toreviveitsfadingbusinessdynamism:

Startingnewcompaniesmustbemadeeasier.Inpreviouserasofdrastictechnologicalchange,entrepreneurssmoothedthetransitionbydreamingupwaystocombinelaborandmachines.Thebestusesof3Dprintersandvirtualrealityhaventbeeninventedyet.TheU.S.needsthenewcompaniesthatwillinventthem.

　　Finally,becauseautomationthreatenstowidenthegapbetweencapitalincomeandlaborincome,taxesandthesafetynetwillhavetoberethought.Taxesonlow-wagelaborneedtobecut,andwagesubsidiessuchastheearnedincometaxcreditshouldbeexpanded:

Thiswouldboostincomes,encouragework,rewardcompaniesforjobcreation,andreduceinequality.

　　Technologywillimprovesocietyinwaysbigandsmalloverthenextfewyears,yetthiswillbelittlecomforttothosewhofindtheirlivesandcareersupendedbyautomation.Destroyingthemachinesthatarecomingforourjobswouldbenuts.Butpoliciestohelpworkersadaptwillbeindispensable.

　　21.Whowillbemostthreatenedbyautomation?

　　[A]Leadingpoliticians.

　　[B]Low-wagelaborers.

　　[C]Robotowners.

　　[D]Middle-classworkers.

　　22.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresenttheauthor’sview?

　　[A]Worriesaboutautomationareinfactgroundless.

　　[B]Optimistsopinionsonnewtechfindlittlesupport.

　　[C]Issuesarisingfromautomationneedtobetackled

　　[D]Negativeconsequencesofnewtechcanbeavoided

　　23.Educationintheageofautomationshouldputmoreemphasison

　　[A]creativepotential.

　　[B]job-huntingskills.

　　[C]individualneeds.

　　[D]cooperativespirit.

　　24.Theauthorsuggeststhattaxpoliciesbeaimedat

　　[A]encouragingthedevelopmentofautomation.

　　[B]increasingthereturnoncapitalinvestment.

　　[C]easingthehostilitybetweenrichandpoor.

　　[D]preventingtheincomegapfromwidening.

　　25.Inthistext,theauthorpresentsaproblemwith

　　[A]opposingviewsonit.

　　[B]possiblesolutionstoit.

　　[C]itsalarmingimpacts.

　　[D]itsmajorvariations.

　　考研英语一阅读理解真题大全2

　　TEXT1

　　KingJuanCarlosofSpainonceinsisted"kingsdontabdicate,theydieintheirsleep."ButembarrassingscandalsandthepopularityoftherepublicansleftintherecentEuro-electionshaveforcedhimtoeathiswordsandstanddown.So,doestheSpanishcrisissuggestthatmonarchyisseeingitslastdays?

DoesthatmeanthewritingisonthewallforallEuropeanroyals,withtheirmagnificentuniformsandmajesticlifestyles?

　　TheSpanishcaseprovidesargumentsbothforandagainstmonarchy.Whenpublicopinionisparticularlypolarized,asitwasfollowingtheendoftheFranceregime,monarchscanriseabove"mere"politiesand"embody"aspiritofnationalunity.

　　Itisthisapparenttranscendenceofpolitiesthatexplainsmonarchyscontinuingpopularityasheadsofstate.Andso,theMiddleEastexpected,Europeisthemostmonarch-infestedregionintheworld,with10kingdoms（notcountingVaticanCityandAndorra）.ButunliketheirabsolutistcounterpartsintheGulfandAsia,mostroyalfamilieshavesurvivedbecausetheyallowvoterstoavoidthedifficultsearchforanon-controversialbutrespectedpublicfigure.

　　Evenso,kingsandqueensundoubtedlyhaveadownside.Symbolicofnationalunityastheyclaimtobe,theirveryhistory-andsometimesthewaytheybehavetoday-embodiesoutdatedandindefensibleprivilegesandinequalities.AtatimewhenThomasPikettyandothereconomistsarewarmingofrisinginequalityandtheincreasingpowerofinheritedwealth,itisbizarrethatwealthyaristocraticfamiliesshouldstillbethesymbolicheartofmoderndemocraticstates.

　　Themostsuccessfulmonarchiesstrivetoabandonorhidetheiroldaristocraticways.Princesandprincesseshaveday-jobsandridebicycles,nothorses（orhelicopters）.Evenso,thesearewealthyfamilieswhopartywiththeinternational1%,andmediaintrusivenessmakesitincreasinglydifficulttomaintaintherightimage.

　　WhileEuropesmonarchieswillnodoubtbesmartenoughtosurviveforsometimetocome,itistheBritishroyalswhohavemosttofearfromtheSpanishexample.

　　ItisonlytheQueenwhohaspreservedthemonarchysreputationwithherratherordinary（ifwell-heeled）grannystyle.ThedangerwillcomewithCharles,whohasbothanexpensivetasteoflifestyleandaprettyhierarchicalviewoftheworld.Hehasfailedtounderstandthatmonarchieshavelargelysurvivedbecausetheyprovideaservice-asnon-controversialandnon-politicalheadsofstate.CharlesoughttoknowthatasEnglishhistoryshows,itiskings,notrepublicans,whoarethemonarchysworstenemies.

　　21.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,KingJuanCarlosofSpain

　　[A]easedhisrelationshipwithhisrivals.

　　[B]usedtoenjoyhighpublicsupport.

　　[C]wasunpopularamongEuropeanroyals.

　　[D]endedhisreigninembarrassment.

　　22.MonarchsarekeptasheadofstateinEuropemostly

　　[A]togivevotersmorepublicfigurestolookupto.

　　[B]toachieveabalancebetweentraditionandreality.

　　[C]owingtotheirundoubtedandrespectablestatus.

　　[D]duetotheireverlastingpoliticalembodiment.

　　23.Whichofthefollowingisshowntobeodd,accordingtoParagraph4?

　　[A]Theroleofthenobilityinmoderndemocracies.

　　[B]Aristocratsexcessiverelianceoninheritedwealth.

　　[C]Thesimplelifestyleofthearistocraticfamilies.

　　[D]Thenobilitysadherencetotheirprivileges.

　　24.TheBritishroyals"havemosttofear"becauseCharles

　　[A]takesatoughlineonpoliticalissues.

　　[B]failstochangehislifestyleasadvised.

　　[C]takesrepublicansashispotentialallies.

　　[D]failstoadapthimselftohisfuturerole.

　　25.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

　　[A]Carlos,GloryandDisgraceCombined

　　[B]Charles,AnxioustoSucceedtotheThrone

　　[C]Charles,SlowtoReacttotheComingThreats

　　[D]Carlos,aLessonforAllEuropeanMonarchs

　　考研英语一阅读理解真题大全3

　　Text1

　　ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin20XX.Forthemostpart，theresponsehasbeenfavorable，tosaytheleast.“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini，asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

　　Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise，however，isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini，whohadadvocatedGilbert‘sappointmentintheTimes，callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez，thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

　　Formypart，IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure，heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions，butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall，oranywhereelse，tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf，orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

　　Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime，attention，andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic，classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses，dancetroupes，theatercompanies，andmuseums，butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap，availableeverywhere，andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday‘sliveperformances;moreover，theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

　　Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformers