最好的定语从句导学案有答案.docx

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最好的定语从句导学案有答案

定语从句(attributiveclauses)

目标:

1.搞清楚什么是定语,哪些成分可以做定语,什么是定语从句,定语从句的本质是什么?

2.分清什么是主句,什么是定语从句,能够划分定语从句和主句,并且准确找出句子主干。

3.能够深刻理解:

“先行词==关系词==定语从句中所缺成分”这个等式。

并且由此能够准确选填关系代词还是关系副词。

4.定语从句特别需要注意的几个问题。

5.能够熟练掌握定语从句考点以及能够辨析定语从句与其它从句之间的差别。

Haveatrytoseewhetheryouhavemasteredhowtoworkourattributiveclausequestions!

初中基础知识回顾:

关系副词与关系代词的区别:

先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词,引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词,关键在于关系词在从句中充当的成分。

如果充当状语,就用关系副词引导定语从句;如果充当主语或宾语,则用关系代词。

ThisistheschoolwhereMr.Chengworks.

ThisistheschoolthatMr.Chengsetuptenyearsago.

IwillneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheParty.

IwillneverforgetthedaythatIspentwithMr.Qin

Thatwasthereasonthathegavemeyesterday.

Thatwasthereasonwhy/forwhichhegavemeanoteyesterday.

问题导入:

选词填空(可多选):

A:

thatB:

whichC:

whoD:

whomE:

when

F:

whereG:

inwhichH:

onwhichI:

/

youleft

wespenttogetherinthecountryside

wesaidgoodbyetoeachother

thedayyoutoldme

Tomwroteinhisdiary

wehaddinnertogether

wewillneverforget

 

youtoldme

Tomwroteinhisdiary

wehaddinnertogether

theplacewewillneverforget

Iwasborn

wewillleavefortomorrow

wesaidgoodbyetoeachother

youwalk

Iwasbadlytreated

Tomdidtheexperiment

thewayyoutoldme

Tomwroteinhisdiary

wehaddinnertogether

wewillneverforget

Iwaslate

wewillleaveforShanghaitomorrow

wesaidgoodbyetoeachother

thereasonyoutoldme

Tomwroteinhisdiary

wehaddinnertogether

wewillneverforget

一.

定义:

用一个句子充当定语,修饰名词或代词(译为……的)一般紧跟在先行词后

其顺序为“先行词关系词定语从句”

二.定语从句黄金三等式是什么?

也就是:

先行词和关系词还有定语从句所缺成分之间的关系:

 

表格解析定语从句

关系词

先行词

从句

成分

例句

备注

关系代词

who

主语

宾语

Doyouknowthemanwhoistalkingwithyourmother?

whom,which和that在从句中做宾语时,常可以省略,但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略,也不可以用that

whom

宾语

Mr.SmithisthepersonwithwhomIamworking

Theboy(whom)sheloveddiedinthewar..

whose

人,物

定语

Ilikethosebookswhosetopicsareabouthistory.

Theboywhosefatherworksabroadismydeskmate.

that

人,物

主语

宾语

Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

Sheisthepopstar(that)Iwanttoseeverymuch.

which

主语

宾语

Thebook(which)Igaveyouwasworth$10.

Thepicturewhichwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.

As

人,物

主语

宾语

Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.

ThisisthesamepenasIlostyesterday.

as做宾语一般不省略

关系副词

when

时间

时间

状语

Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.

可用onwhich

where

地点

地点

状语

ThisisthehousewhereIwasborn.

可用inwhich

Wh

y

原因

原因

状语

Ican’timaginethereasonwhyheturneddownmyoffer.

可用forwhich

三.非限制性定语从句:

与先行词关系不紧密,即使去掉也不影响句意

(有逗号隔开)

四.如:

Theoldmanhastwosons,bothofwhomarestudents.

但:

ThepenwhichIboughtyesterdaywaslost

(去掉定语从句后就不知道是哪一支笔)

五.关系词分类

先行词:

被修饰的名词或代词关系词:

代替先行词并在从句中充当一定的成分

关系代词:

人:

who,whom,that,whose

物:

which,that,whose

关系副词:

when,where,why

特殊词:

asbut

六.个别关系词的用法

1.whose相当于ofwhom或ofwhich

ofwhomthenamewasJackson.

thenameofwhomwasJackson.

HeistheprofessorwhosenamewasJackson.

whowasnamedJackson.

ofwhichthecoverisredbelongstome.

Thenovelthecoverofwhichisred

whosecoverisred

2.that与which指物时的区别

1)只能用which的情况

1.当关系词放在介词后时:

ThisistheplaceinwhichIwasborn.

2.非限制性定语从句中:

Wewillgotohishometown,whichhewasbornin

2)只能用that的情况

1.当先行词为all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词时

Youmaybuyanythingthatyoulike.

2.当先行词被形容词最高级,序数词(包括thefirst,thelast等)或any,every,no,just,only,very等修饰时

ThisistheverybookthatIwanttobuy.

3.当先行词既有人又有物时,

I’llneverforgetthepeopleandthethingsthatImetthere.

4.主句以who,which开头的特殊疑问句时

Whichofthebooksthathadpictureswasnotworthreading.

3.as;but在定语从句中的应用

1)as主要用于固定句型中或非限制性定语从句中

如:

thesame……assuch……asasmany……asas……as

Takeasmanybooksasyoucan.

Don’treadsuchbooksasyoucan’tunderstand.

It’saspleasantafilmasIhaveeverseen.

注意:

thesame……as(指不同的人或物)

thesame……that(指同一个人或物)

ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.(同样的)

ThisisthesamebookthatIlentyouyesterday.(同一本)

but一般用于固定结构中,相当于who/that…not

ThereisnoonebutknowsLeiFeng.

4.当先行词为way时,可用inwhich/that/\

Idon’tlikethewaythat(inwhich;\)youspeaktohim.

5.非限制性定语从句中aswhich的区别

1.as引导非限制性定语从句可放于句前、句中或句后(含正如之意)

Asweknow,heisastudent.

Heisastudent,asweknow.

2.which引导非限制性定语从句只能放于句后,可代替句子

Hegotthejob,whichmadeusveryexcited.

六、重要题型

1.Asweknow,

Asisknowntous,heisastudent.

Itisknowntousthat

2.HeisoneofthestudentswholikeEnglish.

HeistheonlyoneofthestudentswholikesEnglish.

3.Thisisthereasonwhy(=forwhich)hewaslate.

Thisisthereasonthathegaveme.

4.Theoldmanhastwosons,

andbothofthemarestudents.

bothofwhomarestudents.

5.Ourclasshas50students,ofwhom20aregirls.

Ihave10books,ofwhichtwoareEnglishbooks.(其中)

6.Weneedateacher,whocanteachusEnglish.(定从)

Weneedateacher,onewhocanteachusEnglish.(同位语)

七.定语从句的做题方法

一)从从句所缺成分考虑

ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.(缺状语)

ThisistheplacewhichIwasbornin.(缺宾语)

Ilivedintheroomwhosewindowsfacesouth.(缺定语)

但在介词加which的句子中较困难

二)用两个步骤来做

1.将先行词分为两类:

人/物先加上thatwhich或who

2.将先行词和从句重新组成一个句子,是否加介词

ThisistheplacewhereIwasborn.

先行词为place从句为Iwasborn可以构成

Iwasbornintheplace.

ThisistheplacewhichIwasbornin.

注意:

Icameheretenyearsagowhenhewasateacher.

从句可构成hewasateacherbeforetenyears.

经典定语从句背诵:

1.Yesterdayshesoldhercar,whichsheboughtamonthago.

2.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,wheretheparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.

3.TheScienceMuseum,whichwevisitedduringarecenttriptoBritain,isoneofLondon’stourist

attractions.

4.TheywillflytoWashington,wheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays.

5.Theroadconditionsthereturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpected.

6.Asiswellknown,paperwasfirstinventedbytheChinese.

Allencamelatetotheclassagain,whichmadetheteacherangry.

7.Isthistheschoolwhereyoustudied3yearsago?

Isthisschooltheoneyouvisited3daysago?

8.Wewillneverforgetthedays(that)wespenttogether.

Wewillneverforgetthedayswhenweworkedtogether.

9.Occasionsarequiterare,whenIhavetimetospendadaywithmykids.

10.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,abovewhichappearedarainbowsoon.

11.WearehavingourEnglishclassintheclassroomwhosedoorsfacenorth.

WearehavingourEnglishclassintheclassroomthedoorsofwhichfacenorth.

12.Hisplanwassuchagoodoneasweallagreedtoaccept.

13.Wearejusttryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

14.TheBeatles,asmanyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.

15.Thatisthemostexcitingmoment,one(that)Iwillneverforget.(使用定语从句,必须有先行词,本句中虽然有先行词,但that不可以引导非限制性定语从句,所以that前加one做moment的同位语)

定语从句考点分析

考点一、That与which区别

1、在限制性定语从句中,当先行词指物时,下列情况的关系词宜用that

(1)先行词被①形容词最高级②序数词③only、any、few、little、no、all、oneof等修饰时。

(2)先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything、everything等不定代词时。

(3)先行词中既有人又有物时。

Hetalkedaboutsomewritersandbooksthatwereunknowntousall.

(4)先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。

Thevillageisnolongertheonethatwas5yearsago.

(5)当主句中含有疑问词which时。

Whicharethebooksthatyouboughtforme?

2、宜用which的情况

(1)在非限制性定语从句中

Maryhasabook,whichisveryprecious.

(2)在关系词前有介词时

Thisisahouseinwhichlivesanoldman.

(3)当先行词本身是that时

ThatdogwhichIfoundinthestreetbelongstoMary.

(4)当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句。

HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.

考点二、介词与关系代词连用

作介词与关系代词连用的习题时,要看两点:

一看先行词前需要什么介词,二看定语从句的谓语动词后需要什么介词。

最简单的方式就是将定语从句还原成一个独立的句子,结果就一目了然。

如:

1、Theplaceatwhichthebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbewherethecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.(定语从句还原就是:

Thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltattheplace.这样就可以判断引导词需要介词at。

也可以看先行词theplace前需要介词at进行判断。

2、Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcouldrecognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirectionfromwhichshehadcome.(从句还原就是:

Shehadcomefromthedirection,所以定语从句用fromwhich引导。

3、Therewasasinglepersoninthestreettowhomsheturnedforhelp.(从定语从句的谓语动词turn可构成词组turntosb.forhelp就可以判断应该填towhom。

4、ThemanaboutwhomItalkedjustnowisfromBeijingUniversity.(根据定语从句的谓语动词talk判断后需要of或about,因此此处需要about/ofwhom)

考点三、where的用法

1.如果定语从句分别修饰point,situation,part,website,condition和case等表示抽象意义的词,且在定语从句中做状语,常用where或inwhich引导,意思是“到了某种地步,在某种境况中”。

1.Wearetryingtoreachapointwherebothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.

2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?

---Yes,there’sonepointwhich/thatwemustinsiston.

考点四、as与which的区别

1、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。

(1)先行词被such和thesame修饰,或句型asmany(much)中,从句都用as引导。

Suchbooksasyouboughtareuseful.

Theschoolisjustthesameasitwas10yearsage.

▲①such…that…引导的结果状语从句,that在从句中不充当句子成分

Theyaresuchlovelychildrenthatwelovethemmuch 

②thesame…that…引导定语从句。

Iwanttousethesametoolthatyouusedjustnow.

(2)无先行词的非限制性定语从句用as和which引导。

区别:

①意义上:

as含有“这点正如……一样”。

②位置上:

as从句可置句首,也可在另处。

Thereislotsofairinloosesnow,whichcankeepthecoldout.

Asisknown,theearthisround,notflat.

2、as和which指整个主句的内容,引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。

as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末;which引导的定于从句一般只位于句末。

as引导的定语从句常与know,see,report,say,expect,announce等动词连用;which引导的这类定语从句时常作实意动词的主语,当它引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或结果关系时,一般用which。

Asweallknow,Chinaisacountrywit

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