七非谓语动词解析.docx

七非谓语动词解析.docx

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七非谓语动词解析

七非谓语动词

1.不定式（todo）to无实际涵义，不定式符号

Gotoschool介词短语to+n

1关系词特殊疑问词后+todo

eg.Whattodo

wheretogo

2修饰n，并且表达将来的涵义

eg.Themeeting（名词短语）tobehold（修饰将要举行会议）

3固定短语搭配

Afford（负担得起，买得起）,want（想要）,intead（想必）,refuse（拒绝）,arrange（安排）

Expect盼望tend倾向于decide决定manage涉法happen发生fail做sth失败了（未能）

不定式区分主动与被动

时态/语态主动被动

动词不定式一般式dotobedone

通常用在一般情况客观事实或表达将来的含义

进行式tobedoing×

表示与谓语动词同时发生时使用

完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone

发生在谓语动词之前使用

要点：

1.学会分析一道题缺少谓语还是非谓语

2.区别不定式、动名词、分词作定语

3.现在分词、过去分词作状语的区别。

分词完成式仅作状语，不做定语。

4.动名词短语、不定式短语、主语从句作主语，谓语动词应用单数。

5.独立主格with+todo/doing/done

分析：

　todo表将来doing表主动，进行done表被动、完成

P91,2

1.Withalotofwork_____,MrGreenhasnotimetolookafterhisfamily.

AdoneBtodoCdoingDdo

2.Themeeting____tomorrowisofgreatimportance.

AheldBtoheldCtobeheldDhold

Joke:

Einstein:

whenyouarecourtinganicegirlanhourseemslikeasecond.

Whenyousitonared-hotcinder

asecondseemslikeanhour.

That’srelativity.

当你向美女求爱时，一个小时犹如一秒；当你一屁股坐在红彤彤的火炭上，一秒如同一个小时。

这就是相对论。

～爱因斯坦 

6.动名词的逻辑主语

7.分词作宾语补足语

Eg.1.Weareinvitedtoaparty______inourclubnextFriday.

AtobeheldBholdCbeingheldDholding

Theplay（剧目）_____nextmonthaims（目的）mainlytoheflect（反映）thecocal（当地）culture（生产，引起，创作，文明）.

AproducedBbeingproducedCtobeproducedDwillbeproduced（上演）

Aims已经有谓语动词，只能非谓语表达第三人称单数。

I’msorry_____lastweek.

AdoingtroubledyouBtohavetroubledyou

CtotroubleyouDhavingtroubledyou

P172

在简单句中，已经出现谓语，只能用非谓语表达

Besorrytodusth对做sth表示后悔、遗憾

动名词doing=动词+ing=n

1.介词后+doing

2.固定搭配

Admit（允许）mind（介意）consider（考虑）deny（否定）imagine（想象）

avoid（避免）suggest（建议）keep（保持）devote……to……（把……贡献……）

worth（值得）

时态/语态主动被动

一般式doingbeingdone

完成式havingdonehavingbeendone

Eg.1.Theyusecomputerstokeepthetraffic_____smoothly（流畅，平稳）.

Abeingrun（运行）BrunCtorunDrunning

2.Billsuggested_______ameetingon（关于）what_________fortheSHangHaiExpo.

Ahavingneed,doingBtohold,doingCholding,todoDhold,doing

P186,22suggest建议doing还没发生（将要做）

6.thescientistdidn’tmind____andwentonwithhisexperiments.

AlaughingatBtobelaughedatCbeinglaughedatDlaughedat

没有宾语用被动

22.（howabout）介词短语：

怎么样_____tothemoviestonight?

AgoingBifgoingCtogoDifwego

分词作定语

分词现在分词doing过去分词done

区别1.现在表主动可表进行（正在发生）

过去表被动已发生过

2.放在n后，修饰n或代词做定语（定语后置）这种语法现象

①如果非谓语与被修饰n或代词是主动关系使用现在分词

②如果非谓语与被修饰n或代词是被动关系使用过去分词

1.therearestudents_______

AstudyBarestudyingCstudyingDstudied

2.mostguests____toherpartywasheroldfriends.

AinvitingBinvitedCtoinviteDwereinvited

3.分词还可做伴随情况状语

当分词与逻辑主语是主动关系时，现在分词

当分词与逻辑主语是被动关系时，过去分词

Eg1.______thestudents（伴随情况状语）,theteacher（逻辑主语）camein

AfollowingBfollowed

2._____by（被，由）thestudentstheteachercamein

AfollowingBfollowed

主动被动

一般式doingdone

进行式doingbeingdone

完成式havingdoinghavingbeendone

一般情况客观事实或者done已经发生过

进行式与谓语动词同时发生

完成式与谓语动词发生之前

P91-7

1.Someonemusthaveseenthetelevision____.

Astolen被动BhavingstolenCstealDstealing

2.Theseareinstruments____intheexperiment.定语后置

AusingBbeingusedCtouseDhavingused

3.Hisbookwasmuchbetterthansimilarbooks__C__beforehim.之前写的，已发生

AbeingwrittenBhavingwrittenCwritten被动Dwriting

4.Mostoftheshopassistants_D__inthisshopareyoungpeople.

AbeingworkedBhavingworkedCworkedDworking

5.While____forthebus,theoldmanmethisoldfriend.

AbeingwaitedBhavingwaitedCwaitedDwaiting

6.Theroom____isournewlaboratory.

ArepairingBtorepairCbeingrepairedDhavingrepaired

7.___D___awrongaddress,hecouldnotfindhisfriend’sflat.伴随情况，

AGivingBTobegivenCHavinggivenDHavingbeengiven

地址和给之间是被动关系,用完成时表示这个动作先发生,主句动作后发生

p137,10

7.hisdoctorsuggestedthatheshould_c_hisrighthand.

AavoidtouseBavoidusingChasavoidedusingDavoidstouse

Avoidedv避免，回避

10.after____　theirluggage,thetouristshurriedtotheairport.主语相同

ApackedBbeingpackedCpackingDhavingpacked

Luggagen行李，皮箱touristn旅行者，观光客

Packedadj充满……的v包装，打包完成式与谓语动词发生之前

p1418,24

18.mostoftheguests/who__A__toherpartylastweek/wereheroldfriends.

AwereinvitedBinvitedCinvitingDhavingbeeninvited

24.we’dlike__A___apartynextweektocelebrateourachivements.业绩

AtoholdBtobeheldCtoholdingDholding

Wewouldliketodosth（口语化）=wanttodo想做（书面）

Holdv拥有，支持n控制，保留

P183,5,7,8,9,10,11,13,14,20,21,23-27

非谓语动词练习：

Iregret____youthatthebooksyouorderedarenotavailable.

AinformingBhavinginformedCtoinformDtohaveinformed

I’dratherreadthanwatchtelevision;theprogramsseem____allthetime.

AtogetworseBtobegettingworse

CtohavegotworseDgettingworse

HehasseveralapartmentstorentwhileIhavenohouse____.

AlivingBliveinCtoliveDtolivein

Thescientistdidn’tmind____andwentonwithhisexperiments.

AlaughingatBtobelaughedatCbeinglaughedatDlaughedat

Fall____theswallowshavegonetothesouth.

AcomingBcomeChavingcomeDcomes

_____bythedogtwice,hewasafraidtogotomyhouseagain.

AHavingbeenbittenBHavingbittenCBitingDBeingbitten

Theycameouttosweepoffthe____leaves,inspiteofthecold____rain.

Afalling,fallingBfalling,fallenCfallen,fallingDfallen,fallen

Themangothomeverylatethatnight,____hishousehadbeenbrokeninto.

AfoundBtofindCfindDfinding

_____thediamond,hehadtolookforaplacetohideit.

AHavingstolenBHavingbeenstolenCStolenDStealing

_____inthedarkcave,hewasnotafraidofbeingfoundbyarmedenemysoldiers.

AHiddenBHideCHidingDTohide

3.Londonisnowbusy____theOlympicGameswhichistobeheldintheyear2012.

ApreparingforBpreparedforCtoprepareforDpreparefor

Busy+doingsth忙于做sth

5.whenIwasaboy,I____goswimminginthelakenearmyvillage.

AusedtoBwasusedtoCusetoDwasused

Usedtodo

7.wekeptourfire_____allnighttofrightenthewolves.

AtoburnBburntCburningDburn

Keep……doingfrightenv害怕，吓唬

8.Idon’tthinkitisanyuse_A_thismatteranyfurther.Adj进一步

AdiscussingBtodiscussCtodiscussingDtobediscussed

Discussvt讨论，论述，辩论mattern物质，原因，时间vi要紧，有关系

9.“car17wontherace.”“yes,butitsdrivercame/closeto接近___killed.”

Abeing一直Bhavingbeen已经完成CbeDhavebeen

10.____tothesecondbuilding/thevisitorwereledv指引，领导toseethelibrary.

AhavingshownBhavingbeenshownv解释，给予CbeingshownDshown

11.hereachedtherailwaystation,____andoutofbreath,伴随___　thetrainhadleft.

Atiring,findingBtired,findingCtiring,tofindDtired,found

Reached到达tiredadj疲倦的；

13._A__,theywenthome,tiredbuthappy.伴随状语，有自己的独立主格

AworkdoneBtheyfinishedtheirworkCworktobedoneDworkhavingdone

14.helistenedattentivelytome____whilestaringatme.

AspokenBspeakingCspokeDspeak

Attentiveadj留意的，注意的–lyadvstaringadj凝视的v盯着看

20.____ofdangerinthestreetatnight,shehadto不得不gohome,withafriendofhersfollowingher.

AtobewarnedBwarningChavingwarnedDhavingbeenwarned

21.theOlympicGames,__C__in776BC,didnotincludewomenplayersuntil1921.

AfirstplayingBtobefirstplayedCfirstplayedDtobefirstplaying

23.if__D__inpeninsteadofinpencil,theletterwouldbeeasytoread.

AwritingBhavingwrittenChavingbeenwrittenDwritten

24.__C__agirlhadfallenintotheriver,hegotoffhiscoatandjumpedintothewater.

AhavingbeenfoundBhavingfoundCfindingDfound

Fallenadj.堕落的v落下，跌落

25.thegirl__A__inacolorfulskirtlooksbeautiful.

Adressed定语后置BdressingCdressesDdress没有被动

Colorfuladj华美的

26._D_fromhimforalongtime,I（hadto）writehimasecondletter.

AhearingnotBnothearing

CnotbeingheardDnot永远放在非谓语动词前havingheard

27.wearegoing将来totalkabouttheproblem_____atthelast（上次会议）meeting.

AwasdiscussedBdiscussingCdiscussedDhavingbeendiscussed

Usedtodo过去常常做sth

Be/getusedtodone习惯于

Nousedoingsth做sth没用，没意义

Nogooddoingsth做sth没好处

Iamtired被动

Fallen已经落下falling正在落下

Developingcountry发展中

Developedcountry发达

Boilingwater沸腾

Boiledwater开水

Regret遗憾todo未发生doing已发生

Forget忘记todo未发生doing已发生

Remember记得todo未发生doing已发生

Need当需要讲的时候tobedone=doing需要被……均表被动意思

Want当需要讲的时候tobedone=doing需要被……均表被动意思

I’mtired

Tomisdresseddress没有主动，只有被动

Coming将来，即将while然而

Livein（固定搭配）thehouse住在房子里前后相对比，前后句子相对应

Forgettodo该做的事（忘记）forgetdoing忘记已做过事情

Remembertodo记得去做某事rememberdoing记得已经做过

Egtheoldmanneedlookingafter

theoldmanneedtobelookedafter

p3117,22

17.Mr.Obamawillgiveaspeechon（关于）thecurrentsituation___atthemeetingnextweekinBeijing.

AtoholdBheldCholdingDtobeheld

Currentadj现在的；最近的situationn情况，形势

22.whenheenteredtheroom/hefoundacat__D__quietlyunderthedesk.

AlieBliesCtolieDlying躺（主动）

Find……doing+adjtodo修饰n表将来

p3439,43,41,50,51

39.Thereis__C__thathehastriedhisbestintheexamination.

AnottodenyBnotdenyingCnodenyingDwithoutdenying

Thereisnodeny不否认……triedadj可靠的；试验过的v尝试tryv努力

41.Hewillwritetomeassoonashe___home。

主将从现

AwillhavereturnedBreturnsCreturnedDwillreturn

Assoonas一……就……

43.Hedevotedhiswholelifeto____careofthedisabledchildren.

AtakesBtakingCtookDtake

Devoted……doing献身to介词doingto不定式do

44.Thestudentcontinuedhisuniversitystudy____hisfamilywaspoor.

Aeventhough尽管Basthough好像Cnowthat既然Dsince自从，由于

50.Ifheating,icewillchangeintowaterorsteam.

ABCD

Heated被加热

51.Weatherpermit,we’llhavethe