Survey and Reading of British Literature.docx
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SurveyandReadingofBritishLiterature
SurveyandReadingofBritishLiterature
CAIYuhuiPh.D.
ObjectivesoftheCourse
BackgroundInformation
⏹TheBritons,atribeofCelts---theearliestinhabitants:
marginalizedinhistorybutitstraditionsincreasinglyfeltinmoderntimes:
colourfullifepatternsandoptimisticmanners;
⏹Anglo—SaxonsandJutes--newinhabitantsfromthenorthofEurope,exertingtheirinfluenceonEnglishnationalityofdiligenceinworkingandmelancholymannersoflife;
⏹Normans---newinhabitantsandrulingclassovertheisland,broughtaboutanewlanguage,comparativelycivilizedlifepatterns,e.g.constitutionalconcepts,governmentalstrategiesandmanagement,andromanticattitudeandmanners;
⏹Morevariablesaffectingthemakingofnationalidentities:
location–islandandnearthenorth;weather--mild;resources–limited;blendofraces–openness.
GeneralcolorsofBritishLiterature
⏹elegantandstandardinlanguage;
⏹melancholyandironicalinstyleorintone;
⏹conventionalandconservativeinthematicconcernandinliterarythoughts.
Anglo—SaxonLiterature
⏹Angles→Angle-land→England
⏹LanguagebyAngles,Saxons,Jutes(TeutonictribesorTeutonsfromthenorthofEurope)→(0ld)English
⏹Theliterature:
paganandChristian,i.e.thatbyTeutonsbroughtaboutfromtheancestors,like,Beowulf,andthatofthemonks,e.g.poeticparaphraseoftheBible
TheSongofBeowulf
⏹Englishnationalepic
⏹Thestory:
Beowulf,aherooftheGeats,theaidofHroðgar,thekingoftheDanes,whosegreathall,Heorot,plaguedbythemonsterGrendel.BeowulfkillsbothGrendelandGrendel'smother.Later,kingoftheGeats,foughtadragonandkilleditbutmortallywounded,deadandburiedinabarrow.
⏹Thetheme:
arevelationofprimitivestateofAnglo-Saxonsintribalstage,oftheirinteractionswithnatureandrivals,andoftheirvaluesandmoralities.
⏹Theartisticfeatures:
wideuseofalliteration,metaphorsandunderstatements.
EnglishBallads
⏹TheRobinHoodBallads:
ThecharacterofRobinHoodismany—sided.Strong,braveandclever,heisatthesametimetender-heartedandaffectionate.Heisamanwithatwinkleinhiseye,amanfondofaveryjokeandaheartylaugh.Butthedominantkeyinhischaracterishishatredforthecrueloppressorsandhisloveforthepooranddowntrodden.---byLIUBinshan
GeoffreyChaucerandTheCanterburyTales
⏹Chaucer’smaincontributionstoEnglishLiterature:
1)theblendofthreelanguagesintotheearlyshapeofmodernEnglish;2)applicationandspreadofcoupletasoneofstandardpoeticforms;3)creationofTheCanterburyTales
BackgroundforRenaissanceLiterature
⏹Historically:
1.1485–HenryVII:
endoftheWarofRosesandunificationofEngland,2.1588–victoryovertheSpanishArmada;3.PuritanRevolution
⏹Culturally:
1.theRenaissancemovement:
worshipforhumanism,forlearning,forscience;2.ReligionReform–breakwithRomeandfoundationofNationalChurch;3.publicationofJamesversionBible
⏹Economically:
1.“sheepdevouredmen”movement;2.rapidexpansionofcities.
Greatwritersinthisperiod
WilliamShakespeare:
sonnets,tragedies,comedies;
EdmundSpenser:
TheFaerieQueene;Spenserianstanzaandsonnets;
ChristopherMarlowe:
TheJewofMalta;Dr.Faustus;oneoftheUniversityWits
BenJonson:
EveryManInHisHumor;Volpone,ortheFox,ComediesofHumors
JohnDonne:
AValediction:
ForbiddingMourning;
TheFlea;oneoftheleadingMetaphysicalpoets
FrancisBacon:
OfStudies,essayist
JohnMilton:
ParadiseLost,ParadiseRegained
ReadingofShakespeare
⏹ReadingofSonnet18
⏹Metricalanalysis
⏹meter:
iambicpentameter
⏹rhymepattern:
ababcdcdefefgg
Technicalanalysis
⏹Alliteration
⏹Images
⏹Thematicanalysis
⏹Whois“thee”inthepoem?
⏹Whatis“this”inthepoem?
⏹Whatdo“roughwinds”standfor?
⏹Whatdoes“summer’slease”imply?
⏹Whatdoes“nature’schangingcoursestandfor?
⏹Whatdoes“Death”symbolizefor?
⏹Therearethree“fairs”inthepoemanddotheyrefertothesamething?
Ifnot,whatforrespectivelyinconcrete?
ReadingofHamlet,anexcerpt
⏹Paraphrases:
ToliveornottoliveisthequestionI’mwonderingabout.Isitnoblertobeartheattacksofthecrueltyoffortunethantostanduptofightagainsttheendlesstroublesinordertoendthem?
Todiemeanstosleep,andtherewouldbenomore.Inthatcase,wecanendtheheart-acheandendlessnaturaldisastersweareborntohaveandalsothecompletionofalltroublesinourlifeweearnestlywishfor.Todieislikeasleep.Inthesleep,wemayhaveadreamandthenhaveadilemmabecausewhatkindofdreamwemayhavewillhinderus.
⏹Paraphrasescontinued
becauseinthedeath-likesleepwehavenoideaaboutwhatkindofdreamwemayhavewhenwehaveshakenoffhumansufferings.Theremustbesomereasonthatexplainsthemisfortuneofsuchalonglife;ifhemayendhislifeonlywithaknife,whowouldliketobearthewhipsandscornsoflife,theoppressor’swrongdeeds,theproudman’sinsult,thepainsofrejectedlove,theinsultfromofficials,thekicksthatamanofmeritreceivespatientlyfromtheunworthymen?
Whowouldliketobeartheburdensandtosufferunderawearylifeifnotbecausetheyareafraidofthesituationafterdeath?
⏹Paraphrasecontinued
Thatworldisunknowntousandfromwhichnotravelerhaseverreturned.Justbecauseofthis,itpuzzlesourwillandmakesusratherbearthosepainswehavethanflytotheotherworldweknownothingabout.Justbecauseofthis,itpuzzlesourwillandmakesusratherbearthosepainswehavethanflytotheotherworldweknownothingabout.Thisreflectiondoesmakeushesitantandinthatcaseourresolutionwouldbewithered,thedirection(wouldbe)changed,andthedetermination(wouldbe)shaken.
⏹CharacteranalysisofHamletonthemonologue
⏹Personalityanalysis
hesitantindeterminationandaction
thoughtfulinmind
sensitiveinfeeling
melancholyinmood
⏹Conceptualanalysis
believeinpresentlifethanthatafterlife
veryperceptiveatthecrueltyandhardshipsofthelifeorthesociety
ReadingofRomeoandJuliet
⏹Backgroundinformation
RomeoandJulietisatragedywrittenearlyinthecareerofplaywrightWilliamShakespeareabouttwoyoung“star-cross’dlovers"whoseuntimelydeathsultimatelyunitetheirfeudingfamilies.ItwasamongShakespeare'smostpopularplaysduringhislifetimeand,alongwithHamlet,isoneofhismostfrequentlyperformedplays.Today,thetitlecharactersareregardedasarchetypalyounglovers.
⏹InsertedsonnetinScene5,ActI
⏹Romeo:
(toJuliet)
⏹IfIprofanewithmyunworthiesthand,
⏹Thisholyshrine,thegentlepainisthis:
⏹Mylips,twoblushingpilgrims’handstotouch,
⏹Andpalmtopalmisholypalmers’kiss.
⏹Juliet:
⏹Goodpilgrim,youdowrongyourhandtoomuch,
⏹Whichmannerlydevotionshowinthis,
⏹Forsaintshavehandsthatpilgrims’handsdotouch,
⏹Andpalmtopalmisholypalmers’kiss.
⏹Romeo:
⏹Havenotsaintslips,andholypalmerstoo?
⏹Juliet:
⏹Ay,pilgrim,lipsthattheymustuseinprayer.
⏹Romeo:
⏹Othen,dearsaint,letlipsdowhathandsdo,
⏹Theypray:
grantthou,lestfaithturntodespair.
⏹Juliet:
⏹Saintsdonotmove,thoughgrantforprayers’sake,
⏹Romeo:
⏹Thenmovenot,whilemyprayer’seffecttake.
⏹Internalconflictanalysis:
InternalconflictwithRomeo:
Terms
⏹Shakespearefourgreattragedies
Shakespeare’stragediesareoftenregardedashisgreatestaccomplishments,whilehisfourtragediesstandoutasthemasterpieces.ThefourgreattragediesareHamlet,Othello,KingLearandMacbeth.Hamlet,adramaofmurderandrevenge,revealstheconflictbetweenfeudalismandhumanism.Othello,atragedyofcredulity,depictsaconflictbetweenanuprightmanandapurewomanwithatreacherousvillainandhistricks.KingLear,atragedyofvanity,hypocrisyandflattery,disclosestheseriousstruggleforpropertyandfame.Macbeth,atragedyofwildambition,depictsthestruggleforthecrownamongthenobleandtheroyal.
JohnDonneandMetaphysicalPoetry
⏹CriticismonJohnDonneandMetaphysicalPoetry
⏹JohnDonne’simportanceis“chieflybecausehestartedmoreorlessanewschoolofpoetry,the‘metaphysical’school,whichhadanumberoffollowersandwhichhaditsinfluenceevenuponsomeoftheCavalierpoets.”
AHistoryofEnglishLiterature–ChenJia
⏹Hecanperceivebeauty,butattheverymomentofthatperceptionheseesthecorpse,thecerementcloths,theskeleton.Heknowspassion,buthecanmockatthephysicalbodythroughwhichpassionistransmitted.Thisrestlessnessbringshismindandhisbodyveryclosetoeachother.Histhoughtiseverattheserviceofhispassions;hispassionsenterintohisthought.Contrariesexistinhismind,buttheyareevermovingoneintotheother.
AShortHistoryofEnglishLiterature---IforEvance
ReadingofTheFlea
⏹Paraphrase(forreference)
Look!
Thisisaflea.Lookattheflea.Howlittleisthatwhichyoudeniedme(mylove,comparedwiththeflea).Itsuckedmefirst,andnowitsucksyou.Andinthisfleatwodropsofourbloodaremingled.Youknowthatthis(themixtureofourblood)cannotberegardedasasin,orashame,orlossofvirginity.Theflea,however,enjoyshappinessbeforeitsucceededinobtainingpromise.Anditswellswithonebloodover-suppliedoreatenfromustwo.Oh,thisismorethanwewoulddo.
⏹Oh,stop!
Pleasesparethreelivesinoneflea,fromwhichwearealmostmorethanmarried,indeed.Sothisfleaisthemixtureofyouandme,andthisisourmarriagebedandthisroomisourmarriagechurch.Eventhoughyourp