大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本.docx
《大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本.docx(19页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-4/17/3ce2aa76-5817-4c4f-8987-dfa42c8ddfbe/3ce2aa76-5817-4c4f-8987-dfa42c8ddfbe1.gif)
大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本
UnitOneLifeofAspiration
PartOneWarm-upListening
ChooseOptimism
TaskOne
Ifyouexpectsomethingtoturnoutbadly,itprobablywill.Pessimismisseldomdisappointed.Butthesameprinciplealsoworksinreverse.Ifyouexpectgoodthingstohappen,theyusuallydo!
Thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess.
Optimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slife---amplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpain---tofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse,andit’sourdecision.
Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.Iamanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.Sure,Iknowthatsorrowexists.Iaminmy70snow,andI’velivedthroughmorethanonecrisis.Butwhenallissaidanddone,Ifindthatthegoodinlifefaroutweighsthebad.
Anoptimisticattitudeisnotaluxury;it’sanecessity.Thewayyoulookatlifewilldeterminehowyoufeel,howyouperform,andhowwellyouwillgetalongwithotherpeople.Conversely,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;theybecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy.Pessimismcreatesadismalplacewherenoonewantstolive.
Optimismdoesn’tneedtobenaive.Wecanbeanoptimistandstillrecognizethatproblemsexistandthatsomeofthemarenotdealtwitheasily.Butwhatadifferenceoptimismmakesistheattitudeoftheproblemsolver!
Whenyou’reanoptimist,you’remoreconcernedwithproblem-solvingthanwithuselesscarpingaboutissues.It’syourchoice.
PartTwoFocus-Listening
AGreatCommunicatorinAllCircumstances
TaskOne
1.ManyAmericanpresidentsareskilledatcommunicatingwithothers,andtheyaregreatcommunicators,suchasJohnF.Kennedy,FranklinD.Roosevelt,andAbrahamLincoln.
2.RonaldReaganistheGreatCommunicator.
3.Reaganwasoneofthebest-knownannouncersinaradiostationinhisearlytwenties.Hedisplayedanuncommonabilitytoconnectandcommunicatewithpeople.Hisvisionforpresidentialcampaignwasclearandsimple,andhewasabletocommunicatewithmaximumeffectiveness.
4.Becausehepossessedaclearvision,madedecisionseasily,anddelegatedveryeffectively.
TaskTwo
Inhisearlytwenties
Reaganbecameoneofthebest-knownannouncersintheMidwest.
In1980
Whileannouncinghisrunforthepresidencyin1980,Reagansaidthemainmessageshouldbefamily,work,neighborhood,freedomandpeace.
DuringPresidentialCampaign
Reaganappearedasarelaxed,likable,competentmiddleAmerican.
Beinginhospital
ReagansaidtothesurgeonsPleaseassuremethatyouareallRepublicans.”
Becomingpresident
Reaganwassupportedbypeoplefortheyknewwhohewas,wherehestood,andwhathewanted
AGreatCommunicatorinAllCircumstances
ManyAmericanpresidentshavemadeanimpactonourcountryasgreatcommunicators.JohnF.Kennedy,FranklinD.Roosevelt,andAbrahamLincolncometomindasoutstandingexamples.ButonlyonepresidentinourlifetimewascalledtheGreatCommunicator,andthatwasRonaldReagan.
FlashesofReagan’stalentforcommunicationrevealedthemselvesearlyinhiscareer.Hestartedoutinradio.Inhisearlytwenties,Reaganquicklybecameoneofthebest-knownannouncersintheMidwest.Throughouthiscareer,Reagandisplayedanuncommonabilitytoconnectandcommunicatewithpeople.NowherewasthatmoreevidentthanduringhistimeleadinguptoandintheWhiteHouse.Whileannouncinghisrunforthepresidencyin1980,hecastthevisionforhiscampaignclearlyandsimply,saying,“Attheheartofourmessageshouldbefivesimplefamiliarwords.Nobigeconomictheories.Nosermonsonpoliticalphilosophy.Justfiveshortwords:
family,work,neighborhood,freedom,peace.”
Duringhiscampaign,ReagansuccessfullydebatedincumbentJimmyCarter.TheformerCaliforniagovernorcameacrossasarelaxed,likable,competentMiddleAmerican.Hewoneasily.Afterwardwhenaskedifhehadbeennervousdebatingthepresident,Reagananswered,“No,notatall.I’vebeenonthesamestagewithJohnWayne.”
Whetherhewasspeakingtoagroup,lookingintoacamera,orconnectingwithsomeoneone-on-one,Reaganwasabletocommunicatewithmaximumeffectiveness.Evenwhenhewasbeingwheeledintotheoperatingroom,hisgoalwastoputothersatease.Hiscommenttothesurgeonswas,“PleaseassuremethatyouareallRepublicans.”
Reaganwasagoodexecutivebecausehepossessedaclearvision,madedecisionseasily,anddelegatedveryeffectively.Buthewasagreatleaderbecauseofhisuncannyabilitytocommunicate.Whenitcametoleadingthecountry,peopleknewwhohewas,wherehestood,andwhathewanted,andtheycouldn’twaittogetonboardwithhim.Communicationmadehimthekindofleaderthatpeoplewantedtofollow.
PartThreeHomeListening
Dreamvs.Goal
TaskOne
Whyweneeddreams:
Dreamsgiveusavisionofabetterfuture.Theynourishourspirit;theyrepresentpossibilityevenwhenwearedraggeddownbyreality.Theykeepusgoing.Dreamsarewherewewanttoendup.
Interpretationofgoals:
Goalsareconcreteobjectives.Goalsareourday-by-dayplansthatprovideachievabletargetsforincreasingimprovement.Goalsprovideourdailyroutine.Theyshowuswheretostartandtheyestablishourpriorities.Theymakeusorganizedandcreatethedisciplineinourlives.Goalsarehowwegetthere.
Exampleofclimbingthecorporateladder:
Yourdreamistogetthepromotioninalargecompany,butthereseemstobetoomanypeoplecompetingfortoofewpositionsatthetop.Whatyouhavetodoistobreakdownthedreamintocomponentsandstudythedreamposition,andyoumakesurethattheywantahardworking,drivenpersonwhocanmanageateamandimproveproductivity.Soyourgoalsbecomeperfectingeachofthesecharacteristics.Thenfindopportunitiestoshowyourbossyouaretherightperson.
Dreamvs.Goal
Weallwanttobelievethatwearecapableofgreatfeats,ofreachingourfullestpotential.Weneeddreams.Theygiveusavisionofabetterfuture.Theynourishourspirit;theyrepresentpossibilityevenwhenwearedraggeddownbyreality.Theykeepusgoing.Mostsuccessfulpeoplearedreamers,ordinarypeoplewhoarenotafraidtothinkbiganddaretobegreat.Dreamersarenotcontentwithbeingmerelymediocre,becausenooneeverdreamsofgoinghalfway.
Inordertomakerealstepstowardfulfillingourultimate,big,splashydreams,wehavetostartwithconcreteobjectives.Theseareourgoals.
Dreamsarewherewewanttoendup.Goalsarehowwegetthere.Dreamsareourvisionsofwhereweareafterourstruggle,theprizeattheendofthejourney.Goalsaretheindividualstepswetaketoultimatelydeservetheprize.
Ourdreamsareourmasterplan.Goalsareourday-by-dayblueprintsthatprovideachievabletargetsforincrementalimprovement,butdreamsandgoalsareinterrelated.Goalsprovideourdailyroutine.Theyshowuswheretostartandtheyestablishourpriorities.Theymakeusorganizedandcreatethedisciplineinourlives.Gettingyourselftoestablishyourgoalsisparamount,oneofthekeybuildingblocksinachievingsuccess.
Let’ssayyou’retryingtoclimbthecorporateladderinalargecompany,andyouarenotoptimisticaboutyourchancesbecausethereseemstobetoomanypeoplecompetingfortoofewjobsatthetop.Yourdreamsarethatpromotion.Whatyouhavetodoistobreakdownthedreamintocomponentsyoucanworkonindividuallyandthenmakealist.Afterstudyingthe“dream”position,youdeterminethatwhatthey’relookingforisahardworking,drivenpersonwhocanmanageateamwellandimproveproductivity.Perfectingeachofthesecharacteristicsthenbecomesgoalsyoucanshootfor.
Thefirstthingyoudoisshowyourbossthatyouareeagertoworkhard,begintoseekoutmorelong-termprojectstoshowyoucanmaintainacertainenergyleveloveraperiodoftime.Thenyouhavetoshowourbossthatyou’reateamplayer,thatyoutakethetimetopitchinforthegroupandthatyou’rethekindofpersonwhomakesthepeoplearoundyouperformbetter.
Thepointisthatyoumustestablishspecificgoalsandclearlydefinethem.Goalsarenotmerelyfuzzywishes,orhastilymadeNewYear’sresolutions.Theyaretangibleactionitemstobewrittendownandfollowed.
UnitTwoEducation
PartOneWarm-upListening
ComingtoAmericaasaFulbrighter
TaskOne
TheFulbrightprogramgivesanAmericanachancetostudy,teachordoresearchinothercountries.AnditgivespeopleinothercountriesachancetodothesameinAmerica.Fulbrightgrantsaregiventograduatestudents,scholarsandprofessionals.ThereisalsoaFulbrightexchangeprogramjustforteachersandadministrators.Eachyear,about6000peoplereceiveFulbrightgrants.TheUnitedStatespaysmostofthecosts.Foreigngovernmentsandschoolshelpbysharingcostsandprovidingothersupport.
TheFulbrightprogramoperatesinabout150countries.Around270,000Fulbrightershavetakenpartovertheyears.LegislationbySenatorWilliamFulbrightestablishedtheprogramin1946.Hesaweducationalexchangeasawaytohelppeopleunderstandotherideasandwaysoflife.SenatorFulbrightalsobelievedtheprogramcouldeducatefutureworldleader.
In1968,theForeignLanguageTeachingAssistantProgrambegan.ThisFulbrightprogrambringsforeignteacherstotheUnitedStatestoworkwithhighschoolorcollegestudents.TwootherFulbrightprogramsthatofferwaystocometotheUnitedStatesaretheforeignstudentandvisitingscholarpro