大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本.docx

大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本.docx

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大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本

UnitOneLifeofAspiration

PartOneWarm-upListening

ChooseOptimism

TaskOne

Ifyouexpectsomethingtoturnoutbadly,itprobablywill.Pessimismisseldomdisappointed.Butthesameprinciplealsoworksinreverse.Ifyouexpectgoodthingstohappen,theyusuallydo!

Thereseemstobeanaturalcause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenoptimismandsuccess.

Optimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slife---amplesorrowandhappiness,sufficientjoyandpain---tofindarationalbasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse,andit’sourdecision.

Ichoosetohighlightthepositiveandsliprightoverthenegative.Iamanoptimistbychoiceasmuchasbynature.Sure,Iknowthatsorrowexists.Iaminmy70snow,andI’velivedthroughmorethanonecrisis.Butwhenallissaidanddone,Ifindthatthegoodinlifefaroutweighsthebad.

Anoptimisticattitudeisnotaluxury;it’sanecessity.Thewayyoulookatlifewilldeterminehowyoufeel,howyouperform,andhowwellyouwillgetalongwithotherpeople.Conversely,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;theybecomeaself-fulfillingprophecy.Pessimismcreatesadismalplacewherenoonewantstolive.

Optimismdoesn’tneedtobenaive.Wecanbeanoptimistandstillrecognizethatproblemsexistandthatsomeofthemarenotdealtwitheasily.Butwhatadifferenceoptimismmakesistheattitudeoftheproblemsolver!

Whenyou’reanoptimist,you’remoreconcernedwithproblem-solvingthanwithuselesscarpingaboutissues.It’syourchoice.

PartTwoFocus-Listening

AGreatCommunicatorinAllCircumstances

TaskOne

1.ManyAmericanpresidentsareskilledatcommunicatingwithothers,andtheyaregreatcommunicators,suchasJohnF.Kennedy,FranklinD.Roosevelt,andAbrahamLincoln.

2.RonaldReaganistheGreatCommunicator.

3.Reaganwasoneofthebest-knownannouncersinaradiostationinhisearlytwenties.Hedisplayedanuncommonabilitytoconnectandcommunicatewithpeople.Hisvisionforpresidentialcampaignwasclearandsimple,andhewasabletocommunicatewithmaximumeffectiveness.

4.Becausehepossessedaclearvision,madedecisionseasily,anddelegatedveryeffectively.

TaskTwo

Inhisearlytwenties

Reaganbecameoneofthebest-knownannouncersintheMidwest.

In1980

Whileannouncinghisrunforthepresidencyin1980,Reagansaidthemainmessageshouldbefamily,work,neighborhood,freedomandpeace.

DuringPresidentialCampaign

Reaganappearedasarelaxed,likable,competentmiddleAmerican.

Beinginhospital

ReagansaidtothesurgeonsPleaseassuremethatyouareallRepublicans.”

Becomingpresident

Reaganwassupportedbypeoplefortheyknewwhohewas,wherehestood,andwhathewanted

AGreatCommunicatorinAllCircumstances

ManyAmericanpresidentshavemadeanimpactonourcountryasgreatcommunicators.JohnF.Kennedy,FranklinD.Roosevelt,andAbrahamLincolncometomindasoutstandingexamples.ButonlyonepresidentinourlifetimewascalledtheGreatCommunicator,andthatwasRonaldReagan.

FlashesofReagan’stalentforcommunicationrevealedthemselvesearlyinhiscareer.Hestartedoutinradio.Inhisearlytwenties,Reaganquicklybecameoneofthebest-knownannouncersintheMidwest.Throughouthiscareer,Reagandisplayedanuncommonabilitytoconnectandcommunicatewithpeople.NowherewasthatmoreevidentthanduringhistimeleadinguptoandintheWhiteHouse.Whileannouncinghisrunforthepresidencyin1980,hecastthevisionforhiscampaignclearlyandsimply,saying,“Attheheartofourmessageshouldbefivesimplefamiliarwords.Nobigeconomictheories.Nosermonsonpoliticalphilosophy.Justfiveshortwords:

family,work,neighborhood,freedom,peace.”

Duringhiscampaign,ReagansuccessfullydebatedincumbentJimmyCarter.TheformerCaliforniagovernorcameacrossasarelaxed,likable,competentMiddleAmerican.Hewoneasily.Afterwardwhenaskedifhehadbeennervousdebatingthepresident,Reagananswered,“No,notatall.I’vebeenonthesamestagewithJohnWayne.”

Whetherhewasspeakingtoagroup,lookingintoacamera,orconnectingwithsomeoneone-on-one,Reaganwasabletocommunicatewithmaximumeffectiveness.Evenwhenhewasbeingwheeledintotheoperatingroom,hisgoalwastoputothersatease.Hiscommenttothesurgeonswas,“PleaseassuremethatyouareallRepublicans.”

Reaganwasagoodexecutivebecausehepossessedaclearvision,madedecisionseasily,anddelegatedveryeffectively.Buthewasagreatleaderbecauseofhisuncannyabilitytocommunicate.Whenitcametoleadingthecountry,peopleknewwhohewas,wherehestood,andwhathewanted,andtheycouldn’twaittogetonboardwithhim.Communicationmadehimthekindofleaderthatpeoplewantedtofollow.

PartThreeHomeListening

Dreamvs.Goal

TaskOne

Whyweneeddreams:

Dreamsgiveusavisionofabetterfuture.Theynourishourspirit;theyrepresentpossibilityevenwhenwearedraggeddownbyreality.Theykeepusgoing.Dreamsarewherewewanttoendup.

Interpretationofgoals:

Goalsareconcreteobjectives.Goalsareourday-by-dayplansthatprovideachievabletargetsforincreasingimprovement.Goalsprovideourdailyroutine.Theyshowuswheretostartandtheyestablishourpriorities.Theymakeusorganizedandcreatethedisciplineinourlives.Goalsarehowwegetthere.

Exampleofclimbingthecorporateladder:

Yourdreamistogetthepromotioninalargecompany,butthereseemstobetoomanypeoplecompetingfortoofewpositionsatthetop.Whatyouhavetodoistobreakdownthedreamintocomponentsandstudythedreamposition,andyoumakesurethattheywantahardworking,drivenpersonwhocanmanageateamandimproveproductivity.Soyourgoalsbecomeperfectingeachofthesecharacteristics.Thenfindopportunitiestoshowyourbossyouaretherightperson.

Dreamvs.Goal

Weallwanttobelievethatwearecapableofgreatfeats,ofreachingourfullestpotential.Weneeddreams.Theygiveusavisionofabetterfuture.Theynourishourspirit;theyrepresentpossibilityevenwhenwearedraggeddownbyreality.Theykeepusgoing.Mostsuccessfulpeoplearedreamers,ordinarypeoplewhoarenotafraidtothinkbiganddaretobegreat.Dreamersarenotcontentwithbeingmerelymediocre,becausenooneeverdreamsofgoinghalfway.

Inordertomakerealstepstowardfulfillingourultimate,big,splashydreams,wehavetostartwithconcreteobjectives.Theseareourgoals.

Dreamsarewherewewanttoendup.Goalsarehowwegetthere.Dreamsareourvisionsofwhereweareafterourstruggle,theprizeattheendofthejourney.Goalsaretheindividualstepswetaketoultimatelydeservetheprize.

Ourdreamsareourmasterplan.Goalsareourday-by-dayblueprintsthatprovideachievabletargetsforincrementalimprovement,butdreamsandgoalsareinterrelated.Goalsprovideourdailyroutine.Theyshowuswheretostartandtheyestablishourpriorities.Theymakeusorganizedandcreatethedisciplineinourlives.Gettingyourselftoestablishyourgoalsisparamount,oneofthekeybuildingblocksinachievingsuccess.

Let’ssayyou’retryingtoclimbthecorporateladderinalargecompany,andyouarenotoptimisticaboutyourchancesbecausethereseemstobetoomanypeoplecompetingfortoofewjobsatthetop.Yourdreamsarethatpromotion.Whatyouhavetodoistobreakdownthedreamintocomponentsyoucanworkonindividuallyandthenmakealist.Afterstudyingthe“dream”position,youdeterminethatwhatthey’relookingforisahardworking,drivenpersonwhocanmanageateamwellandimproveproductivity.Perfectingeachofthesecharacteristicsthenbecomesgoalsyoucanshootfor.

Thefirstthingyoudoisshowyourbossthatyouareeagertoworkhard,begintoseekoutmorelong-termprojectstoshowyoucanmaintainacertainenergyleveloveraperiodoftime.Thenyouhavetoshowourbossthatyou’reateamplayer,thatyoutakethetimetopitchinforthegroupandthatyou’rethekindofpersonwhomakesthepeoplearoundyouperformbetter.

Thepointisthatyoumustestablishspecificgoalsandclearlydefinethem.Goalsarenotmerelyfuzzywishes,orhastilymadeNewYear’sresolutions.Theyaretangibleactionitemstobewrittendownandfollowed.

UnitTwoEducation

PartOneWarm-upListening

ComingtoAmericaasaFulbrighter

TaskOne

TheFulbrightprogramgivesanAmericanachancetostudy,teachordoresearchinothercountries.AnditgivespeopleinothercountriesachancetodothesameinAmerica.Fulbrightgrantsaregiventograduatestudents,scholarsandprofessionals.ThereisalsoaFulbrightexchangeprogramjustforteachersandadministrators.Eachyear,about6000peoplereceiveFulbrightgrants.TheUnitedStatespaysmostofthecosts.Foreigngovernmentsandschoolshelpbysharingcostsandprovidingothersupport.

TheFulbrightprogramoperatesinabout150countries.Around270,000Fulbrightershavetakenpartovertheyears.LegislationbySenatorWilliamFulbrightestablishedtheprogramin1946.Hesaweducationalexchangeasawaytohelppeopleunderstandotherideasandwaysoflife.SenatorFulbrightalsobelievedtheprogramcouldeducatefutureworldleader.

In1968,theForeignLanguageTeachingAssistantProgrambegan.ThisFulbrightprogrambringsforeignteacherstotheUnitedStatestoworkwithhighschoolorcollegestudents.TwootherFulbrightprogramsthatofferwaystocometotheUnitedStatesaretheforeignstudentandvisitingscholarpro