大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本.docx

1、大连海事大学研究生英语听力文本Unit One Life of AspirationPart One Warm-up ListeningChoose OptimismTask OneIf you expect something to turn out badly, it probably will. Pessimism is seldom disappointed. But the same principle also works in reverse. If you expect good things to happen, they usually do! There seems to

2、 be a natural cause-and-effect relationship between optimism and success.Optimism and pessimism are both powerful forces, and each of us must choose which we want to shape our outlook and our expectations. There is enough good and bad in everyones life-ample sorrow and happiness, sufficient joy and

3、pain-to find a rational basis for either optimism or pessimism. We can choose to laugh or cry, bless or curse, and its our decision.I choose to highlight the positive and slip right over the negative. I am an optimist by choice as much as by nature. Sure, I know that sorrow exists. I am in my 70s no

4、w, and Ive lived through more than one crisis. But when all is said and done, I find that the good in life far outweighs the bad.An optimistic attitude is not a luxury; its a necessity. The way you look at life will determine how you feel, how you perform, and how well you will get along with other

5、people. Conversely, negative thoughts, attitudes, and expectations feed on themselves; they become a self-fulfilling prophecy. Pessimism creates a dismal place where no one wants to live.Optimism doesnt need to be naive. We can be an optimist and still recognize that problems exist and that some of

6、them are not dealt with easily. But what a difference optimism makes is the attitude of the problem solver! When youre an optimist, youre more concerned with problem-solving than with useless carping about issues. Its your choice. Part Two Focus-ListeningA Great Communicator in All CircumstancesTask

7、 One1. Many American presidents are skilled at communicating with others, and they are great communicators, such as John F. Kennedy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln.2. Ronald Reagan is the Great Communicator.3. Reagan was one of the best-known announcers in a radio station in his early tw

8、enties. He displayed an uncommon ability to connect and communicate with people. His vision for presidential campaign was clear and simple, and he was able to communicate with maximum effectiveness.4. Because he possessed a clear vision, made decisions easily, and delegated very effectively.Task Two

9、 In his early twentiesReagan became one of the best-known announcers in the Midwest.In 1980While announcing his run for the presidency in 1980, Reagan said the main message should be family, work, neighborhood, freedom and peace.During Presidential CampaignReagan appeared as a relaxed, likable, comp

10、etent middle American. Being in hospitalReagan said to the surgeonsPlease assure me that you are all Republicans.”Becoming presidentReagan was supported by people for they knew who he was, where he stood, and what he wanted A Great Communicator in All Circumstances Many American presidents have made

11、 an impact on our country as great communicators. John F. Kennedy, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Abraham Lincoln come to mind as outstanding examples. But only one president in our lifetime was called the Great Communicator, and that was Ronald Reagan. Flashes of Reagans talent for communication reveal

12、ed themselves early in his career. He started out in radio. In his early twenties, Reagan quickly became one of the best-known announcers in the Midwest. Throughout his career, Reagan displayed an uncommon ability to connect and communicate with people. Nowhere was that more evident than during his

13、time leading up to and in the White House. While announcing his run for the presidency in 1980, he cast the vision for his campaign clearly and simply, saying, “At the heart of our message should be five simple familiar words. No big economic theories. No sermons on political philosophy. Just five s

14、hort words: family, work, neighborhood, freedom, peace.” During his campaign, Reagan successfully debated incumbent Jimmy Carter. The former California governor came across as a relaxed, likable, competent Middle American. He won easily. Afterward when asked if he had been nervous debating the presi

15、dent, Reagan answered, “No, not at all. Ive been on the same stage with John Wayne.” Whether he was speaking to a group, looking into a camera, or connecting with someone one-on-one, Reagan was able to communicate with maximum effectiveness. Even when he was being wheeled into the operating room, hi

16、s goal was to put others at ease. His comment to the surgeons was, “Please assure me that you are all Republicans.” Reagan was a good executive because he possessed a clear vision, made decisions easily, and delegated very effectively. But he was a great leader because of his uncanny ability to comm

17、unicate. When it came to leading the country, people knew who he was, where he stood, and what he wanted, and they couldnt wait to get on board with him. Communication made him the kind of leader that people wanted to follow.Part Three Home ListeningDream vs. GoalTask OneWhy we need dreams: Dreams g

18、ive us a vision of a better future. They nourish our spirit; they represent possibility even when we are dragged down by reality. They keep us going. Dreams are where we want to end up.Interpretation of goals: Goals are concrete objectives. Goals are our day-by-day plans that provide achievable targ

19、ets for increasing improvement. Goals provide our daily routine. They show us where to start and they establish our priorities. They make us organized and create the discipline in our lives. Goals are how we get there.Example of climbing the corporate ladder: Your dream is to get the promotion in a

20、large company, but there seems to be too many people competing for too few positions at the top. What you have to do is to break down the dream into components and study the dream position, and you make sure that they want a hardworking, driven person who can manage a team and improve productivity.

21、So your goals become perfecting each of these characteristics. Then find opportunities to show your boss you are the right person.Dream vs. Goal We all want to believe that we are capable of great feats, of reaching our fullest potential. We need dreams. They give us a vision of a better future. The

22、y nourish our spirit; they represent possibility even when we are dragged down by reality. They keep us going. Most successful people are dreamers, ordinary people who are not afraid to think big and dare to be great. Dreamers are not content with being merely mediocre, because no one ever dreams of

23、 going halfway. In order to make real steps toward fulfilling our ultimate, big, splashy dreams, we have to start with concrete objectives. These are our goals. Dreams are where we want to end up. Goals are how we get there. Dreams are our visions of where we are after our struggle, the prize at the

24、 end of the journey. Goals are the individual steps we take to ultimately deserve the prize. Our dreams are our master plan. Goals are our day-by-day blueprints that provide achievable targets for incremental improvement, but dreams and goals are interrelated. Goals provide our daily routine. They s

25、how us where to start and they establish our priorities. They make us organized and create the discipline in our lives. Getting yourself to establish your goals is paramount, one of the key building blocks in achieving success. Lets say youre trying to climb the corporate ladder in a large company,

26、and you are not optimistic about your chances because there seems to be too many people competing for too few jobs at the top. Your dreams are that promotion. What you have to do is to break down the dream into components you can work on individually and then make a list. After studying the “dream”

27、position, you determine that what theyre looking for is a hardworking, driven person who can manage a team well and improve productivity. Perfecting each of these characteristics then becomes goals you can shoot for. The first thing you do is show your boss that you are eager to work hard, begin to

28、seek out more long-term projects to show you can maintain a certain energy level over a period of time. Then you have to show our boss that youre a team player, that you take the time to pitch in for the group and that youre the kind of person who makes the people around you perform better. The poin

29、t is that you must establish specific goals and clearly define them. Goals are not merely fuzzy wishes, or hastily made New Years resolutions. They are tangible action items to be written down and followed.Unit Two EducationPart One Warm-up Listening Coming to America as a FulbrighterTask OneThe Ful

30、bright program gives an American a chance to study, teach or do research in other countries. And it gives people in other countries a chance to do the same in America. Fulbright grants are given to graduate students, scholars and professionals. There is also a Fulbright exchange program just for tea

31、chers and administrators. Each year, about 6000 people receive Fulbright grants. The United States pays most of the costs. Foreign governments and schools help by sharing costs and providing other support.The Fulbright program operates in about 150 countries. Around 270,000 Fulbrighters have taken p

32、art over the years. Legislation by Senator William Fulbright established the program in 1946. He saw educational exchange as a way to help people understand other ideas and ways of life. Senator Fulbright also believed the program could educate future world leader.In 1968, the Foreign Language Teaching Assistant Program began. This Fulbright program brings foreign teachers to the United States to work with high school or college students. Two other Fulbright programs that offer ways to come to the United States are the foreign student and visiting scholar pro