专题讲解祈使句及练习.docx
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专题讲解祈使句及练习
祈使句
一祈使句的用法。
1.祈使句的概念。
祈使句表命令、警告、提醒、建议、请求、叮嘱、号召等,谓语动词用原形。
主语you通常省略,句末用感叹号或句号,例如:
Knockatthedoorbeforeentering,please!
进来时请敲门!
(建议)
Lookout!
Thereisatraincoming.注意!
火车来了!
(提醒)
Wearstrongshoesasweshalldoalotofwalking.请穿结实的鞋子,因为我们要走许多的路。
(叮嘱)
Putonyourcoatatonce.Wemusthurry.立刻穿上衣服,我们必须快点(命令)
Givebloodifyoucanandmanyliveswillbesaved.如果你能,来献血吧,这会挽救很多人的生命。
(号召)
2.祈使句的分类。
祈使句分为第二人称祈使句,第一人称祈使句和第三人称祈使句。
二.第二人称祈使句是以听话人为祈使对象的祈使句,通常用来向听话者发出命令,提出要求或建议。
这种祈使句的主语you通常不表示出来,而是已动词原形开头,例如:
Keepquiet,please!
Openthedoor,please!
Hurryup!
3.第一人称祈使句是一第一人称代词作为祈使句的对象,这类祈使句通常是以let为引导词表示建议。
句子结构为let+me/us+动词原形,例如:
Let’sgooutandplay!
让我们出去玩吧。
Let’splayaguessinggame!
我们来玩猜谜游戏吧。
Letmehavealook!
让我来看一看。
Letmetellyou!
让我来告诉你。
4.第三人称祈使句是以第三人称代词或者名词等作为祈使的对象,以let为引导词,句子结构为let+him/her/it/them/名词+动词原形,例如:
Lethimbehereby10o’clock.让他十点前来这儿。
Letherdoitbyherself.让他10点前来这儿。
Letitgo.让它去吧。
典型例题
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
Tom,____________(do)thehomeworknow.
解题思路:
该题句首Tom后面有个逗号,说明是对Tom说话,后面的说话内容是一个祈使句,应该用动词原形开头,用do,意思是“Tom,现在做作业吧。
”但是有的学生会忽略逗号。
误以为是现在进行时的句子,填成isdoing.
三.否定的祈使句。
1.第二人称祈使句的否定形式是在整个结构之前加don’t或never,例如:
Don’tbenervous!
你不要紧张!
Don’tmakeanynoise!
都别吵人了!
Neverbelateagain.别再迟到了。
Pleasedon’tforgettotakeyourmedicine.请不要忘记吃药。
2.第一人称祈使句的否定结构。
是在动词原形前面加not,句型为letme/us/notdosth.例如:
Let’snotwasteourtimearguingaboutit!
咱们别浪费时间争论这事了!
Let’snotsayanythingaboutit!
这事咱们谁也别说!
Let’snotgobacklate.
3.第一人称祈使句的否定结构,是在其句首加didn’t,例如:
Don’tlethimplaywiththefire.让他不要玩火!
Don’tletanyonecomein.就让任何人进来!
Don’tletthemplayalongtheriver.别让他们在河边玩。
4.“No+名词或动名词”结构表示禁止,一般用于指示、标牌、布告等,例如:
Nosmoking!
禁止吸烟!
Nospitting!
不准随地吐痰!
Nolitter!
不准乱扔果皮纸屑!
Noentry!
不许入内!
Nothoroughfare!
禁止通行!
Nopaintingonthewall!
墙上不准涂写!
Noadmittanceexceptonbusiness!
非公莫人!
典型例题
将下列祈使句改成否定句。
(1)Let’sflykitesnow.
_________________________________________________________
解题思路:
第一人称祈使句的否定结构,在动词原形前面加not,句型为Letme/usnotdosth.
(2)Lethimstayathomealone.
_______________________________________________________________
第三人称祈使句的否定结构,是在其句首加don’t.不要和第一人称祈使句的否定结构混淆起来。
用动词的适当形式填空。
(1)Alice,___________________(notbe)sadaboutit.
解题思路:
该题句首Alice后面有个逗号,说明是对Alice说话,后面的说话内容是个祈使句,括号里“notbe”提示为祈使句的否定形式,填don’tbe,意思是“Alice,不要为此而难过了。
”但是有的学生会忽略逗号,填成isn’t.
过关演练
I连词成句。
after,read,me
___________________________________________________________
sit,please.
___________________________________________________________
003.here,come,and,the,blackboard,clean
___________________________________________________________
go,and,stand,please
___________________________________________________________
window,close,please
___________________________________________________________
me,ayo-yo,buy,please
___________________________________________________________
listen,me,carefully,please
___________________________________________________________
let’s.hide-and-seek
___________________________________________________________
make,let’s,mistakes,any
___________________________________________________________
don’tlate,class,for
___________________________________________________________
me,give,some,cookies,please
___________________________________________________________
them,don’t,play,the,along,river
___________________________________________________________
don’t,let,in,come
___________________________________________________________
hurry,or,be,you’ll,late
___________________________________________________________
the,electric,fan,on,please
___________________________________________________________
II.将下列祈使句改成否定句。
please.
___________________________________________________________
herahamburger.
___________________________________________________________
yourteethnow.
___________________________________________________________
aroundthehouse.
___________________________________________________________
thebabylaugh.
___________________________________________________________
thebirdflyaway.
___________________________________________________________
thedogstayinthecage.
___________________________________________________________
’sgetreadyforthepicnic.
___________________________________________________________
’swatchTVaftersupper.
___________________________________________________________
’scrosstheroadtogether.
___________________________________________________________
thebednow.
___________________________________________________________
onyournewshoes.
___________________________________________________________
themfinishtheirworknow.
___________________________________________________________
himdoitbyhimself.
___________________________________________________________
III.将下列祈使句改成肯定句。
’tgotherewiththem.
___________________________________________________________
’ttakeasandwichwithyou.
___________________________________________________________
’ttakehimtothefunfairwithtomorrow.
___________________________________________________________
’tturnontheTV.
___________________________________________________________
’tfeedthebird.
___________________________________________________________
’twaitforme.
___________________________________________________________
’tletheropenthewindow.
___________________________________________________________
’tletthemeatthesweet.
___________________________________________________________
’snottalkaboutthemovie.
___________________________________________________________
’snotwalkaroundthetree.
___________________________________________________________
IV.照样子写句子。
例如:
Don’tsmoke.Nosmoking.
’twalkingonthegrass._________________________________
’tmakenoise._________________________________
’tlitter._________________________________
’tswimhere._________________________________
’tfeedtheanimal._________________________________
’ttouch._________________________________
’tclimbthetree._________________________________
’tpaintonthewall._________________________________
’tjumpoffthewall._________________________________
’tpickflowers._________________________________
’ttakephotos._________________________________
’teatordrinkhere._________________________________
’tshout._________________________________
V.用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
is(lay)thetable,please.
(give)mesomewater,please!
(fill)theform,please,and__________(sign)yournamehere.
_______(do)thewashingup,please.
______________(notbe)worry.I’ll__________(be)fine.
’s_________(notmake)anymistakes.
letthedog_____________(notfollow)me.
061.Let’s________(not,chase)thedog.It’sdangerous.
andLucy,_________(make)yourselvesathome,please.
______(help)yourselftosomefruit.
_________(take)offyourcoatifyoufeelhot.
’s______________(be)friendsand_______(keep)intouch.
VI.选择填空。
()066.
_________methebook,please.
A.Pass
B.Passing
C.Topass
()067.
__________makeanynoise.Theyarehavinganexam.
A.Not
B.No
CDon’t
()068.
Let’s__________campingthisweekend.
A.go
B.going
Ctogo
()069.
_______lethim__________computergames.It’sbadforhiseyes.
A.Not,play
B.Don’t,play
C.No,playing
()070.
________withfire.It’sdangerous.
A.Don’tplay
B.Play
C.Notplay
()071.
Jack,______paperplaneformenow.
A.makes
B.make
C.ismaking
()072.
Dad,__________athome.
A.doesn’tsmoke
B.isn’tsmoking
C.don’tsmoke
()073.
Let’s__________blowbubblesathome.
A.don’t
B.not
C.no
()074.
Pleasegowithus,____________
A.don’tyou
B.willyou
C.won’tyou
()075.
Letmehelpyou,____________
A.won’tyou
B.willyou
C.willI
()076.
Let‘stakeawalk._______________
A.shallwe
B.willyou
C.won’tyou
()077.
Workhard,________youcan’tpasstheexam.
A.and
B.but
C.or
()078.
Gostraightahead,_______youwillseethebank.
A.and
B.but
C.or
()079.
Putonyourcoat,_________youwillcatchacold.
A.so
B.or
C.and
()080.
Readmore,_____________youwillknowalot.
A.and
B.so
C.or
VII.用祈使句改写下列句子,并保持意思不变。
mustn’teatordrinkinclass.
__________________________________________________________________
mustn’tplayfootballinthestreet.
__________________________________________________________________
mustlistentotheteachercarefullyinclass.
__________________________________________________________________
mustfinishyourhomeworkontimeeveryday.
__________________________________________________________________
can’ttakephotosinthemuseum.
__________________________________________________________________
can’tclimbthetreesinthepark.
__________________________________________________________________
can’tswiminthelake.
__________________________________________________________________
can’tjumpoffthewall.
__________________________________________________________________
mustkeepquietinthehospital.
__________________________________________________________________
mustfollowtheschoolrulesatschool.
__________________________________________________________________
can’twalkonthegrassinthepark.
__________________________________________________________________
can’tgiveuplearningEnglish.
__________________________________________________________________
VIII.根据中午提示,将下列句子翻译成英文,每空一词。
093.不要再太阳底下看书,这对眼睛不好。
_________________booksinthesun.It’sbadforyoureyes.
094.不要吃太多糖,这对牙齿不好。
_________________toomanysweets,it’sbadforyouteeth.
095.每天吃一个苹果,你可以不用看医生。
__________________________aday,andyo