百所名校学年北京四中高二下学期第一次月考英语试题解析版.docx

百所名校学年北京四中高二下学期第一次月考英语试题解析版.docx

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百所名校学年北京四中高二下学期第一次月考英语试题解析版

班级姓名准考证号考场号座位号

2017-2018学年北京四中高二下学期第一次月考

英语

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第I卷（选择题）

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一、阅读理解

A

Isetouttochangethelivesofthosewhoneedhelpbyjoiningmyschool’snewlyformedFreeTheChildrenClub.Throughthedeterminationoffriends,thegrouphasgrownbiggerandstrongereachyear.Overthepasttwoyearsmyfriend,AlexAuclair,andIhavebecometheleadersoftheclub.

Already,afteronlytwoyearsoffundraising,wehaveaccumulatedoverthreethousanddollarsandalmosttwothousandfooditemsthroughvariousfundraisingefforts.Forexample,eachyeara24-hourfamine（饥饿）isplannedresultinginabsolutelynoconsumption（消耗）offood.Bytakingpartintheseactivities,weputourselvesintheshoesofsomeonelivinginpoverty.

Nomoneyraisedgoestowaste.Attheendofeachschoolyear,thegrouptakesavotetodeterminewhereourfundswillbespentanddonated.Lastyear,weboughtenoughdesks,chairs,suppliesandtextbooksforeverystudentinaKenyanschool.Thisyear,weplantospendourearninghelpingoutfamiliesinSierraLeone.

Povertyisaworldwideissueaffectingthelivesofpeopleinnotonlydevelopingcountries,butalsofirst-worldcountriessuchasCanada,theUnitedKingdomandJapan.Livinginpovertycanresultinhunger,manyformsofdisease,lackofeducation,andformillions,death.Itdoesnothavetobethisway.YoutoocanformaclubliketheFreeTheChildrenCluboryoucanparticipateineventsoutsideofschool.Getyourfriends,family,evenyourcommunityinvolvedinfundraising.Dowhatyoucantochangetheworld.

4．Anannual24-hourfamineisheldto________

A.helpunderstandpoorpeoplebetter.

B.drawpeople’sattentiontotheclub.

C.callonpeoplenottowastefood.

D.savefoodforhungrypeople.

5．Howtospendtheraisedmoneyisbasedontheopinionof________.

A.thedonators

B.thefundraisers

C.theclubleaders

D.themajorityoftheclubmembers

6．Whydoestheauthorwritethetext?

A.TointroducetheFreeTheChildrenClub.

B.Toencouragepeopletochangetheworld.

C.Topresenttheseriousoutcomesofpoverty.

D.Toshowhowtohelppoorpeoplelivebetter.

B

Iwentthroughatrainingprogramandbecamealiteracyvolunteer（扫盲志愿者）lastsummer.ThetrainingIreceived,thoughexcellent,didnottellmehowitwastoworkwitharealstudent.WhenIbegantodiscoverwhatotherpeople’sliveswerelikebecausetheycouldnotread,Irealizedthetrueimportanceofreading.

MyfirststudentMariewasa44-year-oldsinglemotherofthree.Inthefirstlesson,Ifoundoutshewalkedtwomilestothenearestsupermarkettwiceaweekbecauseshedidn'tknowwhichbustotake.WhenItoldherIwouldgetherabusschedule,shetoldmeitwouldnothelpbecauseshecouldnotreadit.Shesaidshealsohaddifficultyonceshegottothesupermarketbecauseshecouldn'talwaysrememberwhatsheneeded.Sinceshedidnotknowwords,shecouldnotwriteoutashoppinglist.Also,shecouldonlyrecognizeitemsbysight,soiftheproducthadadifferentlabel（标识）,shewouldnotrecognizeitastheproductshewanted.

Asweworkedtogether,learninghowtoreadbuiltMarie'sself-confidence,whichencouragedhertocontinueherstudies.Shebegantomakerapidprogressandwasevenabletotakethebustothesupermarket.Afterthissuccessfultrip,shereportedhowself-confidentshefelt.Attheendoftheprogram,shebeganhelpingheryoungestson,Tony,ashyfirstgrader,withhisreading.Asshedescribedthisexperience,Iwasproudofmyselfaswell.IfoundthathelpingMarietobuildherself-confidencewasmorerewardingthananythingIhadeverdonebefore.

Asaliteracyvolunteer,Ilearnedagreatdealaboutteachingandhelpingothers.Infact,ImayhavelearnedmorefromtheexperiencethanMariedid.

7．Accordingtothetext,Marieisawomanwho___________.

A.hasthreesons

B.hasgoodmemory

C.hasdifficultyinwriting

D.hasdifficultyinwalkingaround

8．Aftergettinghelpfromtheauthor,Mariefelt____________.

A.shy

B.proud

C.confident

D.peaceful

9．Whatdidtheauthorgetthroughtheprogram?

A.Somebeautifulpresents.

B.Asenseofachievement.

C.Moreconfidenceandknowledge.

D.Morewaystohelpothers.

10．Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.AWomanWhoLackedSelf-confidence

B.TheLiteracyVolunteerChangedOurLives

C.AChallengeduringMyVolunteeringWork

D.TheVolunteeringWorkBenefitedBothofUs

C

Venom（毒液）fromalocalscorpion（蝎子）inCubaisbeingusedbyCubanscientistsasaneffectiveweapontofightcancer.Thevenom,withstoppingpain,anti-inflammatory（炎症）andanti-cancerproperties,istheactiveingredientinthemedicine“Vidatox30CHwhichcanbeusedtotreatliver,brain,lungandothercancers.Thetreatmenthasbeensuccessfullyusedformorethanfouryearsinhumansafterbeingfirsttestedinbiologicalmodels.Labiofam,aCubanlaboratory,hasbreeding（繁殖）centersforboththeRedScorpionandBlueScorpion.Eachmonth,some30,000scorpionsinLasMinastown,270kmeastofHavanaaremadetogivethevenom.Aftertwoyears,thescorpionsarereleasedbackintotheirnaturalhabitat.

DenyerSanchez,abiologistfromLabiofam,explainedthattheconditionsareadjustedforreproduction,provedbythehighnumberofbreedingfemalescorpions.Hesaidwhentheoffspring（后代）becomesabletoliveintheenvironment,wereleasethembecausetheydonothavethenecessarysizeyettoremovetheirvenom,saidSanchez.Sanchezalsosaidthatthereisstillmuchtoresearchontheexploitationprocessofscorpions,suchasfemaledeathrateortheabilitytosurviveofthereleasedscorpions.

Cubanresearchonthescorpion’svenombeganattheendof1980sinGuantanamoprovince,theisland’seasterntip,whereagroupofbiologistsanddoctorsbecameinterestedinthestoriestoldbythepeasantsaboutthevenom'sbenefits.However，thefirstdiscoverywasmadebyCubanbiologistMisaelBordier.In2001,BordiervisitedMexico’sNationalAutonomousUniversity（UNAM）andpresentedtheresearchprogressinaprofessionaljournal.Bordierdiedin2005,oneyearbeforeCuba'sIndustrialPropertyOfficegaveLabiofamtherightstoexploitthepatentrelatedtothevenom.

11．Howarethescorpionsdealtwithaftertheirvenomhasbeentakenfortwoyears?

A.Theirbodiesareusedtomakemedicines.

B.Theyarebredinthelaboratoryforresearch.

C.Theyareraisedtogivebirthtotheoffspring.

D.Theyaresetfreeintotheirnaturalhabitat.

12．Whatcanweinferfromthepassageabouttheresearchonscorpions?

A.TheUNprovidedfundfortheresearchteam.

B.Thereisstillmuchtostudyindetail.

C.Theachievementswillbenefitanimals.

D.Manyscientistsdoubtabouttheresultoftheresearch.

13．WhatcanwelearnaboutBordierinthelastparagraph?

A.Hewasgiventherightstoexploitthepatent.

B.Hebeganhisresearchatthebeginningofthetwenty-firstcentury.

C.Heputforwardtheresearchprogressinaprofessionaljournal.

D.Hewasapeasantwhotoldthestoriesaboutthevenom’sbenefits.

14．Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

A.ThevarioususesofscorpionsinCuba.

B.Cubanbiologists’researchonstrangediseases.

C.SuitableconditionsforCubanscorpionstobreed.

D.Cubanscorpionvenom’seffectonfightingcancer.

D

Doyouthinkyouwouldworkoutmoreifyouwereofferedmoneytodoso?

Sciencehasshownthatmoneycangivepeoplemotivationtoworkout,butperhapsnotinthewaythatyouthink.

AccordingtoastudypublishedintheAnnalsofInternalMedicineJournal,thebeststrategyisn’tofferingmoney;it’sgivingsomeonemoney,thenthreateningtotakeitaway.

Researchersgave281peoplethegoalofwalking7,000stepseverydayover13weeks.

Tomotivatethepeoplewhotookparttoreachthegoal,researchersdividedthemintothreegroups.

Peopleinthefirstgroupreceived$1,40（9yuan）eachdayaslongastheyfinished7,000steps,thesecondgroupwasonlyabletocollectthe$1.40iftheyhadreached7,000stepsthedaybefore,andthethirdgroupwasgiven$42atthebeginningofeachmonthand$1.40wastakenawayeverytimesomeonefailedtomeetthegoal.

Thethirdgroupmettheirdailyfitnessgoals50percentmoreoftenthantheothertwogroups,showingthatpeopleweremostmotivatedtowalkbythefearoflosingmoney.

“Peoplearemoremotivatedbylossesthangains,andtheylikeimmediategratification.”studyauthorDrMiteshPatel,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUS,toldCNN.“Theywanttoberewardedtoday,notnextyearorfarintothefuture.”

Ourbrainstendtoavoidwantingtolosethingsmorethantheytrytogetthebenefitsfromgainingthem,Patelexplained.“Itmakespeoplethinklikethemoneyistheirstolosefromdayone.”

Inaddition,inmostprograms,manyparticipantswilldropoutquicklyandonlythemotivatedwillstayinvolved,Patelsaid.

“Inours,wewerepleasantlysurprisedthat96percentstayed.”headded.

Thestudyprovidesevidencethatwhatmattersisnotonlythemoneyincentive（激励）,butalsohowyouthinkaboutthem.Thisisimportanttohoweffectivetheyare.Theevidencecouldhaveabigeffectonhealthpromotionprogramsinthefuture,accordingtothestudy.

“Incentivesthemselvesarenotallyouneed,”StephaniePronk,ahealthandwellnessconsultantwiththeAonplccorporation,toldTheWallStreetJournal.“It’sreallyimportanttochangeuptheincentivedesignandkeeppeopleontheirtoes.”

15．AcordingtoDrMiteshPatel,the