必修5Unit1GreatScientists单元过关检测附解析人教版.docx
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必修5Unit1GreatScientists单元过关检测附解析人教版
必修5Unit1GreatScientists单元过关检测(附解析人教版)
petedB.performed
C.dressedD.studied
解析:
由下文wearingdecent(体面的)clothing及对这些老人生活状态的描述得出:
这些悠闲的老人已经没有什么家庭负担,他们穿着(dressed)很好。
答案:
C
2.A.alwaysB.sometimes
C.neverD.often
解析:
从本空后mosttimes可知:
当他们坐成一排时,有时(sometimes)互相闲聊。
但是,多数情况下他们只是看着路人。
答案:
B
3.A.informedB.warned
C.toldD.reminded
解析:
本空后就是这些老人让作者想起的事物:
这些老人让作者想到(reminded)那些快乐地栖息在篱笆上的鸽子。
答案:
D
4.A.happyB.careful
C.seriousD.attractive
解析:
根据上下文老人的状态可知:
他们无所事事,心情快乐(happy)。
答案:
A
5.A.artB.disaster
C.jokeD.challenge
解析:
本段讲述什么事情也不做的好处,所以作者认为这也是一种艺术(art)。
答案:
A
6.A.frighteningB.calming
C.excitingD.confusing
解析:
从上文slowdown及下文improveshealthandreducesthechancesforheartdisease得出:
它能让人心气和(calming)。
答案:
B
7.A.argueB.wander
C.lookD.travel
解析:
根据下文wanderingaround可知:
他们无事可做,也不知道该做什么。
答案:
B
8.A.teachesB.persuades
C.ordersD.allows
解析:
只有无头脑的鸡才会让(allows)自己这样(无目的地闲逛)。
答案:
D
9.A.luckilyB.right
C.normallyD.purposely
解析:
根据下文aproductofconsequence可知,此处是指一个是有目的,另外一个却是结果的产物。
答案:
D
10.A.hungrilyB.slowly
C.aimlesslyD.freely
解析:
由第9空后withoutaim判断:
如果你发现自己漫无目的地(aimlessly)闲逛,那么你就该休息一下了。
答案:
C
11.A.amazedB.excited
C.frightenedD.bored
解析:
与本空前restless构成并列:
到处闲逛,感到焦躁不安和无聊(bored)就是你倦怠的迹象。
答案:
D
12.A.skillB.energy
C.experienceD.career
解析:
从下文getdepressed可知:
如果你不能掌控你的精力(energy)和情绪,那么你就可能变得沮丧。
答案:
B
13.A.breakB.examC.tripD.risk
解析:
由第l0空后it'stimetorest得出:
休整一下(break),给自己一个机会能够像一只悠闲栖息的鸽子。
答案:
A
14.A.ambitionB.encouragement
C.agreementD.advise
解析:
根据下文consult可知:
如果你需要关于此的建议(advise),你可以去咨询坐在唐人街上的任何老人。
答案:
D
15.A.oldB.popularC.newD.familiar
解析:
根据下文anewworld可知:
如果不行,你可以开始一个新(new)爱好,这会帮你找到一个新天地。
答案:
C
第二节:
语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。
Wehighschoolstudentsdohavesomegrowingpains,butwecangetridofthemcorrectlyandwisely.16.____,someofusareupset17.____ourbodystylesandlooks.It'sunnecessaryandit'snotimportantatall.Weneedn'tcareaboutit.Itisone'sinnerbeauty18.____matters.Second,wesometimesseemtobemisunderstood19.____ourteachers,parentsandclassmates.20.____(face)withthis,wecanfindapropertimetohaveahearttohearttalkwiththem,tryingtoremovethe21.____(understand).Someofushavefewerfriends.Ithinkbeingopenmindedandfriendlywilldousgood.Third,wemayfallbehindothers,22.____makesusstressed.Actuallywecanencourage23.____toworkefficiently,fullof24.____(determine).Atlast,someofusdon'thavemuchpocketmoney,sowefeelunhappy.Isn'titstrange?
Solongaswehavesome,that'senough.Andwecanlearn25.____tospendmoney.
16.解析:
下文有second,third等,此处用first,列举成长中的烦恼。
答案:
First
17.解析:
词组beupsetaboutsth.的意思是“因……而难过/烦恼”。
答案:
about
18.解析:
这里是强调句型:
Itis...that...
答案:
that
19.解析:
bemisunderstoodby表示“被误解”。
答案:
by
20.解析:
Facedwithis=Whenwearefacedwiththis:
当我们面临这个问题时。
答案:
Faced
21.解析:
removethemisunderstanding(s)的意思是“消除误会”。
答案:
misunderstanding(s)
22.解析:
which引导非限制性定语从句。
答案:
which
23.解析:
encourageourselves:
自我鼓励。
答案:
ourselves
24.解析:
介词of后用名词,所以填determination。
答案:
determination
25.解析:
这里指学会如何花钱。
答案:
how
第二部分阅读(共两节,满分50分)
第一节:
阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Heisregardedashavingoneofthebrightestmindsontheplanet.Butoutstandingastrophysicist(天体物理学家)StephenHawkinghasadmittedthathedidnotlearntoreaduntilhewaseightyearsold.
InapubliclectureattheRoyalAlbertHall,ProfessorHawkingalsoadmittedthathewasnotactiveinstudyingwhileatOxfordUniversity,wherehestudiedphysics,andthatonlythediagnosisthathemightdieyoungfrommotorneurone(神经元)diseasemadehimconcentrateonhiswork.
ProfessorHawkingsaid:
“MysisterPhilippacouldreadbytheageof4butthenshewasdefinitelybrighterthanme.”Hesaidthathewasunexceptionalatschoolandwasneverfurtherthanhalfwayuphisclass.“Myclassworkwasveryuntidy,andmyhandwritingwasthedespairofmyteachers,”hesaid.“ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein,sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.”
Buthesaidthatitwaswhendoctorstoldhimthatheprobablyonlyhadafewyearstoliveattheageof21thatgalvanizedhimintofocusingonhisworkandaperiodofproductivitythatresultedinsomeofhisearlybreakthroughs.Hesaid,“Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath,itmakesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.”
语篇解读:
文章向我们介绍了传奇科学家霍金。
26.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?
A.StephenHawkingisthesecondEinsteinintheworld.
B.StephenHawkingcouldn'treadattheageof7.
C.StephenHawking'shandwritingwasonceterriblybad.
D.StephenHawking'ssisteronceperformedmuchbetterthanhim.
解析:
细节理解题。
由第三段的“ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein,sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.”可知绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的,但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。
故A项不符合文意。
答案:
A
27.WecaninferthatStephenHawkingwas________whenhewasachildandstudiedinOxfordUniversity.
A.cleverB.lazy
C.brightD.mean
解析:
推理判断题。
由第一段特别是ButoutstandingastrophysicistStephenHawkinghasadmittedthathedidnotlearntoreaduntilhewaseightyearsold.和第二段开头句可知,他小时候和在大学里是非常懒惰的。
故选B项。
答案:
B
28.WhatmadeStephenHawkingdevotehimselftohiswork?
A.Patience.B.Knowledge.
C.Disease.D.Laziness.
解析:
细节理解题。
由第二段最后一句“...onlythediagnosisthathemightdieyoungfrommotorneuronediseasemadehimconcentrateonhiswork.”可知,是“运动神经元疾病”促使他有所作为。
故选C项。
答案:
C
29.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?
A.StephenHawkingdidn'trealizehisdreamsinphysics.
B.ItwaspossibleforHawkingtofacetheearlydeath.
C.Thepurposeofthedoctor'sdiagnosiswastoencouragehimtoworkhard.
D.Hislifemightbetakenawaybylonghardwork.
解析:
段落大意题。
由最后一段,特别是信息句“Hesaid,‘Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath,itmakesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.'”可知,他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。
故选B项。
答案:
B
30.FromwhomdidHawkinggetarelativelyjustestimationwhenhewasatschool?
A.Hissister.B.Hisclassmates.
C.Histeachers.D.Hisparents.
解析:
细节理解题。
根据第三段最后霍金的话可知,尽管老师不看好他,同学仍给他“爱因斯坦”的绰号,他们从他身上看到好的一面。
答案:
B
B
EdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcometswhichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcometwasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.
However,HalleyhadafriendnamedIsaacNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanellipse.
NowHalleysettowork,Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.
ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Threedifferentcometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtabout,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets,aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.
Itwasanastonishingidea!
Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeapredictionofwhatwouldhappeninthefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalley'spredictioncouldbetested.
In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethadbeencalledHalley'scomet,inhishonour.
语篇解读:
本文讲述科学家哈雷发现哈雷彗星的运行轨迹和特点。
31.Halleymadehisdiscovery________.
A.bydoingexperiments
B.bymeansofhisowncarefulobservation
C.byusingtheworkofotherscientists
D.bychance
解析:
细节理解题。
从第一段第二句可以看出,哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察中得出来的,其他选项与本文内容不符。
答案:
C
32.Halleymadeasurprisingbutcorrectpredictionintheyear________.
A.1704B.1705
C.1706D.1707
解析:
计算推理题。
首先确定彗星下次出现的时间是l758年,然后确定这一时间距离他预测的时间是53年,1758-53=1705。
答案:
B
33.Thistextingeneralisabout________.
A.Halleyandotherscientists
B.theorbitofacomet
C.NewtonandHalley
D.Halleyandhisdiscovery
解析:
主旨大意题。
通读全文,就可以看出文章的每一段都在介绍哈雷及他的发现,另外也可以从文章的首尾句看出本文的大意。
答案:
D
34.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?
A.EdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.
B.Halleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiment.
C.IsaacNewtonwasafamousmathematician.
D.Theorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanaround.
解析:
辨别正误题。
本文第一句说哈雷是一个英国科学家,所以A项是错误的。
从第二句话可以看出,哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察中得出来的,所以B项是错误的。
从第二段最后一句话可以得知哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的,所以排除D项。
答案:
C
35.Thispassageisprobablywrittento________.
A.generalreadersB.collegestudents
C.scientistsD.astronomers
解析:
可以用排除法。
文章没有特别说明写给谁,故推理是一般的读者。
答案:
A
C
Somedayastrangerwillreadyouremailwithoutyourpermissionorscanthewebsitesyou'vevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.
Infact,it'slikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?
Itmightbeagirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,apolicemanoracriminal.Whoeveritis,theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseen—the21stcenturyequaltobeingcaughtnaked(裸露的).
Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thoughit'simportanttoreveal(透露)yourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Actuallyfewboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(面包屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare,whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases,asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot,increasinglywe_live_in_a_world_where_you_simply_cannot_keep_a_secret.
Thekeyquestionis:
Doesthatmatter?
FormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis“no”.
WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundamajorityofpeoplearepessimisticaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme”.
Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.OnlyasmallpartofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费亭)toavoidusingtheEZPasssystemthatcantrack(跟踪)automobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquitshasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsubmitpersonalinformationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50centsoffcoupon(优惠券).
Butprivacydoesmatteratleastsometimes.It'slikehealth:
whenyouhaveit,youdon'tnoticeit.Onlywhenit'sgonedoyouwishyou'ddonemoretoprotectit.
语篇解读:
在这个信息化、高科技化的时代,我们变得越来越“透明”——几乎没什么隐私。
多数人对此抱有忧虑,但实际上却很少有人在现实生活中去保护自己的隐私。
专家指出,隐私犹如健康,不要等到失去了才后悔。
36.FromParagraph2,wecaninfer________.
A.criminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnology
B.peopletendtobemorefrankwithe