必修5Unit1GreatScientists单元过关检测附解析人教版.docx

1、必修5Unit1GreatScientists单元过关检测附解析人教版必修5Unit1GreatScientists单元过关检测（附解析人教版）petedBperformedCdressedDstudied解析：由下文wearingdecent(体面的)clothing及对这些老人生活状态的描述得出：这些悠闲的老人已经没有什么家庭负担，他们穿着(dressed)很好。答案：C2.A.alwaysBsometimesCneverDoften解析：从本空后mosttimes可知：当他们坐成一排时，有时(sometimes)互相闲聊。但是，多数情况下他们只是看着路人。答案：B3.A.informed

2、BwarnedCtoldDreminded解析：本空后就是这些老人让作者想起的事物：这些老人让作者想到(reminded)那些快乐地栖息在篱笆上的鸽子。答案：D4.A.happyBcarefulCseriousDattractive解析：根据上下文老人的状态可知：他们无所事事，心情快乐(happy)。答案：A5.A.artBdisasterCjokeDchallenge解析：本段讲述什么事情也不做的好处，所以作者认为这也是一种艺术(art)。答案：A6.A.frighteningBcalmingCexcitingDconfusing解析：从上文slowdown及下文improveshealth

3、andreducesthechancesforheartdisease得出：它能让人心气和(calming)。答案：B7.A.argueBwanderClookDtravel解析：根据下文wanderingaround可知：他们无事可做，也不知道该做什么。答案：B8.A.teachesBpersuadesCordersDallows解析：只有无头脑的鸡才会让(allows)自己这样(无目的地闲逛)。答案：D9.A.luckilyBrightCnormallyDpurposely解析：根据下文aproductofconsequence可知，此处是指一个是有目的，另外一个却是结果的产物。答案：D1

4、0.A.hungrilyBslowlyCaimlesslyDfreely解析：由第9空后withoutaim判断：如果你发现自己漫无目的地(aimlessly)闲逛，那么你就该休息一下了。答案：C11A.amazedBexcitedCfrightenedDbored解析：与本空前restless构成并列：到处闲逛，感到焦躁不安和无聊(bored)就是你倦怠的迹象。答案：D12.A.skillBenergyCexperienceDcareer解析：从下文getdepressed可知：如果你不能掌控你的精力(energy)和情绪，那么你就可能变得沮丧。答案：B13.A.breakBexamCtri

5、pDrisk解析：由第l0空后itstimetorest得出：休整一下(break)，给自己一个机会能够像一只悠闲栖息的鸽子。答案：A14.A.ambitionBencouragementCagreementDadvise解析：根据下文consult可知：如果你需要关于此的建议(advise)，你可以去咨询坐在唐人街上的任何老人。答案：D15A.oldBpopularCnewDfamiliar解析：根据下文anewworld可知：如果不行，你可以开始一个新(new)爱好，这会帮你找到一个新天地。答案：C第二节：语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性

6、和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空。Wehighschoolstudentsdohavesomegrowingpains，butwecangetridofthemcorrectlyandwisely.16._，someofusareupset17._ourbodystylesandlooks.Itsunnecessaryanditsnotimportantatall.Weneedntcareaboutit.Itisonesinnerbeauty18._matters.Second，wesometimesseemtobemisunderstood19._o

7、urteachers，parentsandclassmates.20._(face)withthis，wecanfindapropertimetohaveahearttohearttalkwiththem，tryingtoremovethe21._(understand)Someofushavefewerfriends.Ithinkbeingopenmindedandfriendlywilldousgood.Third，wemayfallbehindothers,22._makesusstressed.Actuallywecanencourage23._toworkefficiently，fu

8、llof24._(determine)Atlast，someofusdonthavemuchpocketmoney，sowefeelunhappy.Isntitstrange?Solongaswehavesome，thatsenough.Andwecanlearn25._tospendmoney.16解析：下文有second，third等，此处用first，列举成长中的烦恼。答案：First17解析：词组beupsetaboutsth.的意思是“因而难过/烦恼”。答案：about18解析：这里是强调句型：Itis.that.答案：that19解析：bemisunderstoodby表示“被误解

9、”。答案：by20解析：FacedwithisWhenwearefacedwiththis：当我们面临这个问题时。答案：Faced21解析：removethemisunderstanding(s)的意思是“消除误会”。答案：misunderstanding(s)22解析：which引导非限制性定语从句。答案：which23解析：encourageourselves：自我鼓励。答案：ourselves24解析：介词of后用名词，所以填determination。答案：determination25解析：这里指学会如何花钱。答案：how第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节：阅读理解(共20小题

10、；每小题2分，满分40分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。AHeisregardedashavingoneofthebrightestmindsontheplanet.Butoutstandingastrophysicist(天体物理学家)StephenHawkinghasadmittedthathedidnotlearntoreaduntilhewaseightyearsold.InapubliclectureattheRoyalAlbertHall,ProfessorHawkingalsoadmittedthathewasnotactiveinstudyingwhilea

11、tOxfordUniversity,wherehestudiedphysics,andthatonlythediagnosisthathemightdieyoungfrommotorneurone(神经元)diseasemadehimconcentrateonhiswork.ProfessorHawkingsaid：“MysisterPhilippacouldreadbytheageof4butthenshewasdefinitelybrighterthanme.”Hesaidthathewasunexceptionalatschoolandwasneverfurtherthanhalfway

12、uphisclass.“Myclassworkwasveryuntidy,andmyhandwritingwasthedespairofmyteachers，”hesaid.“ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein,sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.”Buthesaidthatitwaswhendoctorstoldhimthatheprobablyonlyhadafewyearstoliveattheageof21thatgalvanizedhimintofocusingonhisworkandape

13、riodofproductivitythatresultedinsomeofhisearlybreakthroughs.Hesaid，“Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath,itmakesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.”语篇解读：文章向我们介绍了传奇科学家霍金。26WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?AStephenHawkingisthesecondEinsteinint

14、heworld.BStephenHawkingcouldntreadattheageof7.CStephenHawkingshandwritingwasonceterriblybad.DStephenHawkingssisteronceperformedmuchbetterthanhim.解析：细节理解题。由第三段的“ButmyclassmatesgavemethenicknameEinstein，sopresumablytheysawsignsofsomethingbetter.”可知绰号“爱因斯坦”是同学给起的，但并不意味着他就是第二个爱因斯坦。故A项不符合文意。答案：A27Wecanin

15、ferthatStephenHawkingwas_whenhewasachildandstudiedinOxfordUniversity.AcleverBlazyCbrightDmean解析：推理判断题。由第一段特别是ButoutstandingastrophysicistStephenHawkinghasadmittedthathedidnotlearntoreaduntilhewaseightyearsold.和第二段开头句可知，他小时候和在大学里是非常懒惰的。故选B项。答案：B28WhatmadeStephenHawkingdevotehimselftohiswork?APatience

16、.BKnowledge.CDisease.DLaziness.解析：细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“.onlythediagnosisthathemightdieyoungfrommotorneuronediseasemadehimconcentrateonhiswork.”可知，是“运动神经元疾病”促使他有所作为。故选C项。答案：C29Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?AStephenHawkingdidntrealizehisdreamsinphysics.BItwaspossibleforHawkingtofacetheearlydeath.CThepu

17、rposeofthedoctorsdiagnosiswastoencouragehimtoworkhard.DHislifemightbetakenawaybylonghardwork.解析：段落大意题。由最后一段，特别是信息句“Hesaid，Whenyouarefacedwiththepossibilityofanearlydeath，itmakesyourealizethatlifeisworthlivingandtherearelotsofthingsyouwanttodo.”可知，他有可能要面对英年早逝的不幸事实。故选B项。答案：B30FromwhomdidHawkinggetarel

18、ativelyjustestimationwhenhewasatschool?AHissister.BHisclassmates.CHisteachers.DHisparents.解析：细节理解题。根据第三段最后霍金的话可知，尽管老师不看好他，同学仍给他“爱因斯坦”的绰号，他们从他身上看到好的一面。答案：BBEdmundHalleywasanEnglishscientistwholivedover200yearsago.Hestudiedtheobservationsofcometswhichotherscientistshadmade.Theorbitofoneparticularcomet

19、wasaverydifficultmathematicalproblem.Hecouldnotfigureitout.Neithercouldotherscientistswhodealtwithsuchproblems.However,HalleyhadafriendnamedIsaacNewton,whowasabrilliantmathematician.Newtonthoughthehadalreadyworkedoutthatproblem,buthecouldnotfindthepapersonwhichhehaddoneit.HetoldHalleythattheorbitofa

20、comethadtheshapeofanellipse.NowHalleysettowork,Hefiguredouttheorbitsofsomeofthecometsthathadbeenobservedbyscientists.Hemadeasurprisingdiscovery.Thecometsthathadappearedintheyears1531,1607and1682allhadthesameorbit.Yettheirappearanceshadbeen75to76yearsapart.ThisseemedverystrangetoHalley.Threedifferent

21、cometsfollowedthesameorbit.ThemoreHalleythoughtabout,themorehethoughtthattherehadnotbeenthreedifferentcomets,aspeoplethought.Hedecidedthattheyhadsimplyseenthesamecometthreetimes.Thecomethadgoneawayandhadcomebackagain.Itwasanastonishingidea!Halleyfeltcertainenoughtomakeapredictionofwhatwouldhappenint

22、hefuture.Hedecidedthatthiscometwouldappearintheyear1758.Therewere53yearstogobeforeHalleyspredictioncouldbetested.In1758thecometappearedinthesky.Halleydidnotseeit,forhehaddiedsomeyearsbefore.EversincethenthatcomethadbeencalledHalleyscomet,inhishonour.语篇解读：本文讲述科学家哈雷发现哈雷彗星的运行轨迹和特点。31Halleymadehisdiscov

23、ery_.AbydoingexperimentsBbymeansofhisowncarefulobservationCbyusingtheworkofotherscientistsDbychance解析：细节理解题。从第一段第二句可以看出，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察中得出来的，其他选项与本文内容不符。答案：C32Halleymadeasurprisingbutcorrectpredictionintheyear_.A1704B1705C1706D1707解析：计算推理题。首先确定彗星下次出现的时间是l758年，然后确定这一时间距离他预测的时间是53年，1758531705。答案：B33

24、Thistextingeneralisabout_.AHalleyandotherscientistsBtheorbitofacometCNewtonandHalleyDHalleyandhisdiscovery解析：主旨大意题。通读全文，就可以看出文章的每一段都在介绍哈雷及他的发现，另外也可以从文章的首尾句看出本文的大意。答案：D34WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?AEdmundHalleywasanAmericanscientist.BHalleymadehisdiscoverybydoingexperiment.CIsaacNewtonwasafamousmathem

25、atician.DTheorbitofacomethadtheshapeofanaround.解析：辨别正误题。本文第一句说哈雷是一个英国科学家，所以A项是错误的。从第二句话可以看出，哈雷的发现是在研究其他科学家的观察中得出来的，所以B项是错误的。从第二段最后一句话可以得知哈雷彗星的轨道是椭圆形的，所以排除D项。答案：C35Thispassageisprobablywrittento_.AgeneralreadersBcollegestudentsCscientistsDastronomers解析：可以用排除法。文章没有特别说明写给谁，故推理是一般的读者。答案：ACSomedayastrang

26、erwillreadyouremailwithoutyourpermissionorscanthewebsitesyouvevisited.Orperhapssomeonewillcasuallyglancethroughyourcreditcardpurchasesorcellphonebillstofindoutyourshoppingpreferencesorcallinghabits.Infact,itslikelysomeofthesethingshavealreadyhappenedtoyou.Whowouldwatchyouwithoutyourpermission?Itmigh

27、tbeagirlfriend,amarketingcompany,aboss,apolicemanoracriminal.Whoeveritis，theywillseeyouinawayyouneverintendedtobeseenthe21stcenturyequaltobeingcaughtnaked(裸露的)Psychologiststellusboundariesarehealthy,thoughitsimportanttoreveal(透露)yourselftofriends,familyandloversinstages,atappropriatetimes.Actuallyfe

28、wboundariesremain.Thedigitalbreadcrumbs(面包屑)youleaveeverywheremakeiteasyforstrangerstoreconstructwhoyouare，whereyouareandwhatyoulike.Insomecases，asimpleGooglesearchcanrevealwhatyouthink.Likeitornot，increasinglywe_live_in_a_world_where_you_simply_cannot_keep_a_secret.Thekeyquestionis:Doesthatmatter?F

29、ormanyAmericans,theanswerapparentlyis“no”WhenopinionpollsaskAmericansaboutprivacy,mostsaytheyareconcernedaboutlosingit.Asurveyfoundamajorityofpeoplearepessimisticaboutprivacy,with60percentofrespondentssayingtheyfeeltheirprivacyis“slippingaway,andthatbothersme”Butpeoplesayonethinganddoanother.Onlyasm

30、allpartofAmericanschangeanybehaviorsinanefforttopreservetheirprivacy.Fewpeopleturndownadiscountattollbooths(收费亭)toavoidusingtheEZPasssystemthatcantrack(跟踪)automobilemovements.Andfewturndownsupermarketloyaltycards.PrivacyeconomistAlessandroAcquitshasrunaseriesofteststhatrevealpeoplewillsubmitpersonal

31、informationlikeSocialSecuritynumbersjusttogettheirhandsonapitiful50centsoffcoupon(优惠券)Butprivacydoesmatteratleastsometimes.Itslikehealth：whenyouhaveit，youdontnoticeit.Onlywhenitsgonedoyouwishyouddonemoretoprotectit.语篇解读：在这个信息化、高科技化的时代，我们变得越来越“透明”几乎没什么隐私。多数人对此抱有忧虑，但实际上却很少有人在现实生活中去保护自己的隐私。专家指出，隐私犹如健康，不要等到失去了才后悔。36FromParagraph2，wecaninfer_.AcriminalsareeasilycaughtonthespotwithadvancedtechnologyBpeopletendtobemorefrankwithe