Module4 Unit4 阅读与写作.docx

Module4 Unit4 阅读与写作.docx

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Module4Unit4阅读与写作

Unit4阅读与写作

刘述民

【2010安徽省卷】A

Livinginaforeignculturecanbeexciting,butitcanalsobeconfusing（令人迷惑的）.AgroupofAmericanswhotaughtEnglishinothercountriesrecentlydiscussedtheirexperiences.Theydecidedthatmiscommunicationswerealwayspossible,evenoversomethingassimpleas"yes"and"no".

OnherfirstdayinMicronesia,anislandinthePacific,Lisathoughtpeopleweren’tpayinganyattentiontoher.Thedaywashot.Shewentintoastoreandasked,“Doyouhavecolddrinks?

Thewomantheredidn'tsayanything.Lisarepeatedthequestion.StilltheWomansaidnothing.Shelaterlearnedthatthewomanhadansweredher:

Shehadraisedhereyebrows（眉毛）,whichinMicronesiameans"yes".

JanrememberedanexperienceshehadinBulgaria,acountryinEurope.Shewenttoarestaurantthatwasknownforitscabbage.Sheaskedthewaiter,"Doyouhavecabbagetoday?

"Henoddedhishead.Janwaited,butthecabbagenevercame.Inthatcountry,anodmeansno.

TomhadasimilarproblemwhenhearrivedinIndia.Afterexplainingsomethinginclass,heaskedhisstudentsiftheyunderstood.Theyansweredwithmanydifferentnodsandshakesofthehead.Hethoughtsomepeoplehadnotunderstood,soheexplainedagain.Whenheaskedagain,theydidthesamething.Hesoonfoundoutthathisstudentsdidunderstand.InIndia,peoplenodandshaketheirheadsindifferentwaysdependingonwheretheycomefrom.Youhavetoknowwhereapersonisfromtounderstandwhethertheymean"yes"or"no".

76.TheseAmericansteachingEnglishinothercountriesfoundthatthey______.

A.shouldgoabroadforvacationsB.neededtolearnforeignlanguages

C.shouldoftendiscusstheirexperiencesD.hadproblemswithcommunications

77.PeopleinMicronesiashow"yes"by____.

A.noddingheadsB.raisingeyebrowsC.shakingheadsD.saying"no"

78.Tommisunderstoodhisclassatfirstbecause

A.hedidnotknowmuchaboutIndianculture

B.hedidn'texplaineverythingclearlyenough

C.somestudentsdidn'tunderstandhisquestions

D.hedidn'tknowwherethestudentscamefrom

79.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingto（根据）thispassage?

A.InBulgaria,noddingheadsmeansno.B.JantaughtEnglishonaPacificisland.

C.Lisawastryingtobuysomecabbage.

D.InIndia,onlyshakingheadsmeans"YES".

80.Thepassageismainlyabout_____.

A.bodylanguageinforeignrestaurantsB.classdiscussioninIndianschools

C.miscommunicationindifferentculturesD.Englishteachinginothercountries

　B

Facialexpressionscarrymeaningthatisdeterminedbysituationsandrelationships.Forexample,inAmericanculture（文化）thesmileisingeneralanexpressionofpleasure.Yetitalsohasotheruses.Awoman’ssmileatapoliceofficerdoesnotcarrythesamemeaningasthesmileshegivestoayoungchild.Asmilemayshowloveorpoliteness.Itcanalsohidetruefeelings.Itoftencausesconfusion（困惑）acrosscultures.Forexample,manypeopleinRussiasmilingatstrangersinpublictobeunusualandevenimproper.YetmanyAmericanssmilefreelyatstrangersinpublicplaces（althoughthisislesscommoninbigcities）.SomeRussiansbelievethatAmericanssmileinthewrongplaces;someAmericansbelievethatRussiansdon’tsmileenough.InSoutheastAsianculture,asmileisfrequentlyusedtocoverpainfulfeelings.Vietnamesepeoplemaytellasadstorybutendthestorywithasmile.

Ourfacesshowemotions（情感）,butweshouldnotattemptto“read”peoplefromanothercultureaswewould“read”someonefromourownculture.Thefactthatmembersofoneculturedonotexpresstheiremotionsasopenlyasdomembersofanotherdoesnotmeanthattheydonotexperienceemotions.Rather,thereareculturaldifferencesintheamountoffacialexpressionspermitted.Forexample,inpublicandinformalsituationsmanyJapanesedonotshowtheiremotionsasfreelyasAmericansdo.Whenwithfriends,JapaneseandAmericansseemtoshowtheiremotionssimilarly.

ItisdifficulttogeneralizeaboutAmericansandfacialexpressivenessbecauseofpersonalandculturaldifferencesintheUnitedStates.Peoplefromcertainculturalbackgrounds（背景）intheUnitedStatesseemtobemorefaciallyexpressivethanothers.Thekeyistotrynottojudgepeoplewhosewaysofshowingemotionaredifferent.Ifwejudgeaccordingtoourownculturalhabits,wemaymakethemistakeof“reading”theotherpersonincorrectly.

【文章大意】

本文是一篇议论文。

文章阐述了面部表情取决于情景和人们之间的关系。

文章通篇阐述了面部表情的种种表现形式，以及文化之间的差异导致的面部表情的含义不同。

49.WhatdoesthesmileusuallymeanintheU.S.?

    A.Love.        B.Politeness.    C.Joy.     D.Thankfulness.

50.TheauthormentionsthesmileoftheVietnamesetoprovethatsmilecan___.

  A.showfriendlinesstostrangers    B.beusedtohidetruefeelings

    C.beusedinthewrongplaces    D.showpersonalhabits

51.Whatshouldwedobeforeattemptingto“read”people?

    A.Learnabouttheirrelationswithothers.

    B.Understandtheirculturalbackgrounds.

    C.Findoutabouttheirpastexperience.

52.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetest?

    A.CulturalDifferences            B.SmilesandRelationship

    C.FacialExpressiveness           D.HabitsandEmotions

C.SHOWINGOURFEELINGS

　　Bodylanguageisoneofthemostpowerfulmeansofcommunication,oftenevenmorepowerfulthanspokenlanguage.Peoplearoundtheworldshowallkindsoffeelings,wishesandattitudesthattheymightneverspeakaloud.Itispossibleto"read"othersaroundus,eveniftheydonotintendforustocatchtheirunspokencommunication.Ofcourse,bodylanguagecanbemisread,butmanygesturesandactionsareuniversal.

　　Themostuniversalfacialexpressionis,ofcourse,thesmile–itsfunctionistoshowhappinessandputpeopleatease.Itdoesnotalwaysmeanthatwearetrulyhappy,however.Smilesaroundtheworldcanbefalse,hidingotherfeelingslikeanger,fearorworry.Thereareunhappysmiles,suchaswhensomeone"losesface"andsmilestohideit.However,thegeneralpurposeofsmilingistoshowgoodfeelings.

　　Fromthetimewearebabies,weshowunhappinessorangerbyfrowning.Inmostplacesaroundtheworld,frowningandturningone'sbacktosomeoneshowsanger.Makingafistandshakingitalmostalwaysmeansthatsomeoneisangryandthreateninganotherperson.

　　Therearemanywaysaroundtheworldtoshowagreement,butnoddingtheheadupanddownisusedforagreement,almostworldwide.Mostpeoplealsounderstandthatshakingtheheadfromsidetosidemeansdisagreementorrefusal.

　　HowaboutshowingthatIambored?

Lookingawayfrompeopleoryawningwill,inmostcases,makemeappeartobeuninterested.However,ifIturntowardandlookatsomeoneorsomething,peoplefromalmosteveryculturewillthinkthatIaminterested.IfIrollmyeyesandturnmyheadaway,ImostlikelydonotbelievewhatIamhearingordonotlikeit.

　　Beingrespectfultopeopleissubjective,basedoneachculture,butingeneralitisprobablynotagoodideatogiveahugtoabossorteacher.Inalmosteveryculture,itisnotusuallygoodtostandtooclosetosomeoneofahigherrank.StandingatalittledistancewithopenhandswillshowthatIamwillingtolisten.

　Withsomanyculturaldifferencesbetweenpeople,itisgreattohavesomesimilaritiesinbodylanguage.Wecanoftenbewrongabouteachother,soitisanamazingthingthatweunderstandeachotheraswellaswedo!

D.THEOPENHAND—AUNIVERSALSIGN

     Whenmeetingpeopleattheairport,mostpeoplesmileandshakehandswithpeopletheymeet.Weknowthatasmileisusuallyasignthatpeoplefeelfriendlyandhappy,butwhatifwedon'tknowwhothenewpersonis?

Whatifwearenotintroducedbyafriend?

Whatifwearemeetingastrangerinanunfamiliarplace?

Sometimespeoplearedangerousandhumanshavetofindwaystoprotectthemselves.Wehavetomakesurewecantrustpeoplewedonotknow,andwehavetoshowthatwearenotdangerous.Showingourhandsmeansthatwearenotarmed.Inmanyculturestoday,theWesterncustomofshakinghandsisused.Weuseourrighthand,whichisusuallystrongerthantheleftone.Ifweareusingourhandthisway,itcannotbeholdingaknifeoragun.Itshowsthatwetrusttheotherperson,andthattheotherpersoncantrustus.

     Notallculturesusethehandshake,andpeopleinmanyAsianculturesdonotalwaystouchanotherperson.ThetraditionalgreetinginChinawastocoverthelefthandwiththerightandbow.Japanesepeoplemightcoveronehandwiththeotherand,dependingonwhomtheyaregreeting,bowslightlyorquitelow.InIndia,Hindupeoplejointheirhandsinfrontoftheirfacesandbowtheirheads.AMuslimwilltouchhisheart,mouthandforehead（额）toshowrespect.EvenyoungpeopleintheWestnowgiveeachotherthe"highfive",whentheyslap（拍）eachother'shandshighintheair.Theyareallkeepingtheirhandsbusy.Inalmostallcultures,tosmileandshowanopenrighthandmeans,"Welcome,youaresafewithme."

E.

Whenitcomesto（每当谈到…）gettingdressedinthemorning,menhaveiteasybecausetheykeepthingssimple:

theyputonasuit.Theykeepitsimilarlysimpleonthequestionofhuggingorshakinghandsatwork:

shakehands,always.

Clearly,thereissomedebateoverthequestionofwhetherbusinesswomenshouldhugorshakehands.But,asladies,wecan’truletheworlduntilwestophuggingatwork.

Astudyonhandshakesshowedthatpeoplearetwotimesmorelikelytorememberyouwhenyoushakehandswiththemthanwhenyouhugthem,regardlessof（无论）yourgender（性别）.Theresearchersalsofoundthatpeoplereactto（对…作出反应）thosewithwhomtheyshakehandsbybeingmoreopenandfriendly.

Peoplewith“go