自动变速器中英文翻译.docx

自动变速器中英文翻译.docx

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自动变速器中英文翻译

AutomaticTransmissions

Theautomatictransmissioncontainseveralsectionsbyfollowed.

Transmission

Thetransmissionisadevicethatisconnectedtothebackoftheengineandsendsthepowerfromtheenginetothedrivewheels.AnautomobileenginerunsatitsbestatacertainRPM（RevolutionsPerMinute）rangeanditisthetransmission'sjobtomakesurethatthepowerisdeliveredtothewheelswhilekeepingtheenginewithinthatrange.Itdoesthisthroughvariousgearcombinations.Infirstgear,theengineturnsmuchfasterinrelationtothedrivewheels,whileinhighgeartheengineisloafingeventhoughthecarmaybegoinginexcessof70MPH.Inadditiontovariousforwardgeartransmissionalsohasaneutralpositionwhichdisconnectstheenginefromthedrivewheels,andreverse,whichcausesthedrivewheelstoturnintheoppositedirectionallowingyoutoback.Finally,thereistheParkposition.Inthisposition,alatchmechanism（notunlikeadeadboltlockonadoor）isinsertedintoaslotintheoutputshafttolockthedrivewheelsandkeepthemfromturning,therebypreventingthevehiclefromrolling.

Therearetwobasictypesofautomatictransmissionsbasedonwhetherthevehicleisrearwheeldriveorfrontwheeldrive.Onarearwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisusuallymountedtothebackoftheengineandislocatedunderthehumpinthecenterofthefloorboardalongsidethegaspedalposition.Adriveshaftconnectstherearofthetransmissiontothefinaldrivewhichislocatedintherearaxleandisusedtosendpowertotherearwheels.Powerflowonthissystemissimpleandstraightforwardgoingfromtheengine,throughthetorqueconverter,thenthroughthetransmissionanddriveshaftuntilitreachesthefinaldrivewhereitissplitandsenttothetworearwheels.Onafrontwheeldrivecar,thetransmissionisusuallycombinedwiththefinaldrivetoformwhatiscalledatransaxle.Theengineonafrontwheeldrivecarisusuallymountedsidewaysinthecarwiththetransaxletuckedunderitonthesideoftheenginefacingtherearofthecar.Frontaxlesareconnecteddirectlytothetransaxleandprovidepowertothefrontwheels.

PlanetaryGearSets

Automatictransmissionscontainmanygearsinthevariouscombinations.Inamanualtransmission,gearsslidealongtheshaftsasyoumovetheshiftleverfromonepositiontoanother,engagingvarioussizedgearsasrequiredinordertoprovidethecorrectgearratio.Inanautomatictransmission,however,thegearsareneverphysicallymovedandarealwaysengagedtothesamegears.Thisisaccomplishedthroughtheuseoftheplanetarygearsets.Thebasicplanetarygearsetconsistsofasungear,aringgearandtwoormoreplanetgears,alltheremaininginconstantmesh.Theplanetgearsareconnectedtoeachotherthroughacommoncarrierwhichallowsthegearstospinonshaftscalled"pinions"whichareattachedtothesecarrier.Oneexampleofawaythatthissystemcanbeusedisbyconnectingtheringgeartotheinputshaftcomingfromtheengine,connectingtheplanetcarriertotheoutputshaft,andlockingthesungearsothatitcan'tmove.Inthisscenario,whenweturntheringgear,theplanetswill"walk"alongthesungear（whichisheldstationary）causingtheplanetcarriertoturntheoutputshaftinthesamedirectionastheinputshaftbutataslowerspeedcausinggearreduction（similartoacarinfirstgear）.Ifweunlockthesungearandlockanythetwoelementstogether,thiswillcauseallthreeelementstoturnatthesamespeedsothattheoutputshaftwillturnatthesamerateofspeedastheinputshaft.Thisislikeacarthatisinthirdorhighgear.AnotherwaythatwecanuseaPlanetarygearsetisbylockingtheplanetcarrierfrommoving,thenapplyingpowertotheringgearwhichwillcausethesungeartoturnintheoppositedirectiongivingusreversegear.Andtheillustrationontherightshowshowthesimplesystemtodescribedabovewouldlookinanactualtransmission.Theinputshaftisconnectedtotheringgear（blue）,TheOutputshaftisconnectedtotheplanetcarrier（green）whichisalsocanconnectedtoa"Multi-disk"clutchpack.Thesungearisthatconnectedtoadrum（yellow）whichisalsoconnectedtotheotherhalfoftheclutchpack.andSurroundingtheoutsideofthedrumisaband（red）thatcanbetightenedaroundthedrumwhenrequiredtopreventthedrumwiththeattachedsungearfromturning.

One-WayClutch

Aone-wayclutch（alsoknownasa"sprag"clutch）isadevicethatwillallowacomponentsuchasringgeartoturnfreelyinonedirectionbutnotintheother.Thiseffectisjustlikethatofabicycle,wherethepedalswillturnthewheelwhenpedalingforward,butwillspinfreewhenpedalingthebackward.Acommonplacewhereaone-wayclutchisusedisinfirstgearwhentheshifterisinthedriveposition.Whenyoubegintoacceleratefromastop,thetransmissionstartsoutinfirstgear.Buthaveyouevernoticedwhathappensifyoureleasethegaswhileitisstillinfirstgear?

Thevehiclecontinuestocoastasifyouwereinneutral.Now,shiftintoLowgearinsteadofDrive.Whenyouletgoofthegasinthiscase,youwillfeeltheengineslowyoudownjustlikethestandardshiftcar.ThereasonforthisisthatinDrive,aone-wayclutchisusedwhereasinLow,aclutchpackorabandisused.

Bands

Abandisasteelstrapwithfrictionmaterialbondedtotheinsidesurface.Oneendofthebandisanchoredagainstthetransmissioncasewhiletheotherendisconnectedtoaservo.Attheappropriatetimehydraulicoilissenttotheservounderpressuretotightenthebandaroundthedrumtostopthedrumfromturning.

TorqueConverter

Onautomatictransmissions,thetorqueconvertertakestheplaceoftheclutchfoundonstandardshiftvehicles.Itistheretoallowtheenginetocontinuerunningwhenthevehiclecomestoastop.Theprinciplebehindatorqueandconverterisliketakingafanthatispluggedintothewallandblowingairintoanotherfanwhichisunplugged.Ifyougrabthebladeontheunpluggedfan,youareabletoholditfromturningbutassoonasyouletgo,itwillbegintospeedupuntilitcomesclosetothespeedofthepoweredfan.Thedifferencewithatorqueconverteristhatinsteadofusingair,itusesoilorthetransmissionfluidtobemoreprecise.Atorqueconverterisalargedoughnutshapeddevice（10"to15"indiameter）thatismountedbetweentheengineandthat’stransmission.Itconsistsofthreeinternalelementsthatworktogethertotransmitpowertothetransmission.ThethreeelementsofthetorqueconverterarethePump,theTurbine,andtheStator.Thepumpismounteddirectlytothatconverterhousingwhichinturnisbolteddirectlytotheengine'scrankshaftandturnsatenginespeed.Theturbineisinsidethehousingandisconnecteddirectlytotheinputshaftofthetransmissionprovidingpowertomovethevehicle.Thestatorismountedtoaone-wayclutchsothatitcanspinfreelyinonedirectionbutnotintheother.Eachofthethreetransmissionfluidispulledintothepumpsectionandispushedoutwardbycentrifugalforceuntilitreachestheturbinesectionwhichstartsitturning. Thefluidcontinuesinacircularmotionbacktowardsthecenteroftheturbineconsiderablyslowerthanthepump,thefluidwillmakecontactwiththefrontofthestatorfinswhichpushthestatorintotheonewayclutchandpreventitfromturning.Asthespeedoftheturbinecatchesupwiththepump,thefluidstartshittingthestatorbladesontheback-sideandcausingthestatortoturninthesamedirectionasthepumpandturbine.Asthespeedincreases,allthreeelementsbegintoturnatapproximatelythesamespeed.

HydraulicSystem

TheHydraulicsystemisacomplexmazeofpassagesandtubesthatsendstransmissionfluidunderpressuretoallpartsofthetransmissionandtorqueconverter.Thenewersystemsaremuchmorecomplexandarecombinedwithcomputerizedelectricalcomponents.Transmissionfluidservesanumberofpurposesincluding:

shiftcontrol,generallubricationandtransmissioncooling.Unliketheengine,whichusesoilprimarilyforthelubrication,everyaspectofatransmission'sfunctionsaredependantonaconstantsupplyoffluidunderpressure.Thisisnotunlikethehumancirculatorysystem（thefluidisevenred）whereevenafewminutesofoperationwhenthereisalackofpressurecanbeharmfulorevenfataltothelifeofthetransmission.Inordertokeepthetransmissionatthenormaloperatingtemperature,aportionofthefluidissentthroughoneoftwosteeltubestoaspecialchamberthatis submergedinanti-freezeintheradiator.Fluidpassingthroughthischamberiscooledandthenreturnedtothetransmissionthroughtheothersteeltube.Atypicaltransmissionhasanaverageoftenquartsoffluidbetweenthetransmission,torqueconverter,andcoolertank.Infact,mostofthecomponentsofakindtransmissionareconstantlysubmergedinfluidincludingtheclutchpacksandbands.Thefrictionsurfacesonthesepartsaredesignedtooperateproperlyonlywhentheyaresubmergedinoil.

OilPump

Thetransmissionoilpump（nottobeconfusedwiththepumpelementinsidethetorqueconverter）isresponsiblefortheproducingalltheoilpressureandthatisrequiredinthetransmission.Andtheoilpumpismountedtothefrontofthetransmissioncaseandisdirectlyconnectedtoaflangeonthetorqueconverterhousing.Sincethetorqueconverterhousingisdirectlyconnectedtotheenginecrankshaft,thepumpwillproducepressurewhenevertheengineisrunningaslongasthereisasufficientamountoftransmissionfluidavailable.Theoilentersthepumpthrougha