届全国人教版英语一轮讲义必修三Unit4含答案.docx
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届全国人教版英语一轮讲义必修三Unit4含答案
必修3 Unit4 Astronomy:
thescienceofthestars
IsaacNewton,anEnglishphysicist,discoveredgravity.Basedonhistheory,astronomerspredictedthatanotherplanetmightexistintheorbitofUranus(天王星).Uranus,having27knownnaturalsatellites,isvisibletothenakedeye.It'sthethirdlargestplanetintermsofsizeintheSolarSystem,withitsmassroughly14.5timesthatofEarth.It'smuchclosertothesun,butthisdoesnotpreventitfrombeingthecoldest,becauseunliketheotherplanets,Uranusgivesofflessheatthanitabsorbsfromthesun.Itsclimatealsoseemslessviolent.Tracesofcarbondioxide,oxygenandhydrogenhavebeenconfirmedinitsatmosphere.
默写识记
◆默写单词
1.systemn.系统;体系;制度
2.physicistn.物理学家
3.theoryn.学说;理论
4.violentadj.猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
5.gentleadj.温和的;文雅的
6.unlikeprep.与……不同;不像
7.existvi.存在;生存
8.harmfuladj.有害的
9.puzzlen.谜;难题
v.(使)迷惑;(使)为难
10.climaten.气候
11.floatv.(使)浮动;(使)漂浮
n.漂浮物
◆记住词义
1.astronomyn.天文学
2.religionn.宗教;宗教信仰
3.atomn.原子
4.globen.球体;地球仪;地球
5.dioxiden.二氧化物
6.atmospheren.大气层;气氛
7.fundamentaladj.基本的;基础的
8.chainn.链子;连锁;锁链
9.multiplyv.乘;增加
10.biologyn.生物学
11.gravityn.万有引力;重力
12.satelliten.卫星;人造卫星
13.crashv.碰撞;坠落
◆写出短语
1.givebirthto产生;分娩
2.inone'sturn轮到某人;接着
3.cheerup感到高兴;感到振奋
4.breakout突发;爆发
5.watchoutfor密切注意;当心;提防
6.blockout挡住(光线)
7.farfrom离……很远;根本不是
8.nowthat既然
联想拓展
名词后缀ist
1.novelist小说家
2.receptionist接待员
3.tourist旅行者,观光者
4.journalist记者,新闻工作者
短语串记
1.reachoutfor伸手去拿
2.tryoutfor参加……选拔
3.makeupfor补偿;弥补
-----------
4.intime及时;终于
5.innotime立刻;马上
6.atatime每次;一次
7.atonetime曾经;一度
8.attimes有时候;不时地
-----------
9.breakup打碎;拆散;分裂
10.breakdown坏掉;破裂;崩溃
11.breakinto破门而入;突然……起来
12.breakin破门而入;打断
13.breakthrough突破
-----------
14.inturn依次;轮流;反过来
15.byturns轮流;交替地
16.taketurnstodosth.轮流做某事
17.It'sone'sturntodosth.轮到某人做某事
-----------
18.tobeginwith首先
19.toconclude最后
20.tosumup总之
经典例句
①Thecashierswereaskedtowatchoutforforgedbanknotes.出纳员接到要求,要注意伪钞。
②HeshouldhavetriedoutfortheOlympic100metresquad. 他本该参加奥运会百米赛跑的选拔。
③Herenthusiasmmakesupforherlackofexperience.她的热情弥补了她经验的不足。
④Wehadtogoandseetheprincipaloneatatime.我们得逐一去见校长。
⑤IwasinanightclubinBrixtonandafightbrokeout. 当时我在布里克斯顿的一家夜总会里,那里发生了一场斗殴。
⑥Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshavebrokendown.双方谈判失败了。
⑦AsthePresident'scardrewup,thecrowdbrokeintoloudapplause.总统的座驾停下时,人群中爆发出热烈的掌声。
⑧Thechildrencalledouttheirnamesinturn.孩子们逐一自报姓名。
词汇异空间——派生词汇
原词
词义
派生词
词义
systemn.
系统;体系;制度
systematicadj.
1.系统的;有条理的
existvi.
存在;生存
existencen.
2.存在;生存
theoryn.
学说;理论
theoreticaladj.
3.理论上的
religionn.
宗教;宗教信仰
religiousadj.
4.宗教的;虔诚的
gentleadj.
温和的;文雅的
gentlyadv.
5.温柔地;温和地
violentadj.
猛烈的;激烈的;强暴的
violencen.
6.暴力;暴力行为
harmn.&vt.
伤害;损害;危害
harmfuladj.
harmlessadj.
7.有害的
8.无害的
Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
The1.existence(exist)ofterrorismletstheworldnotbestable.Terroristactivities,manyofwhicharelinkedto2.religious(religion)extremism,haveresultedinaglobaldisaster.Theynotonlybringthreattothesafetyofhumansbuthave3.harmful(harm)effectoneconomicgrowth.Manypeopleareforcedtofleetheirhomesbecauseofgrowingfearsofterrorist4.violence(violent).Allgovernmentsarepayinggreatattentiontothisissue,buttostopterrorismisindeeda5.systematic(system)project,whichrequireseffort,wisdomandcooperation.
【导学号:
11470053】
Ⅱ.单句填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
1.Inconclusion,moretheoretical(theory)andexperimentalresearchmustbeconducted.
2.Themotherpattedherchildgently(gentle)ontheback,tryingtocalmhimdown.
词法新图谱——核心词汇
●灵活多变的动词
词汇
词性
意义
现在分词
过去分词
exist
vi.
存在;生存
existing
existed
puzzle
v.
(使)迷惑;(使)为难
puzzling
puzzled
pull
n.&vt.
拉(力);拖;牵引力
pulling
pulled
multiply
v.
乘;增加
multiplying
multiplied
crash
v.
碰撞;坠落
crashing
crashed
float
v.
(使)浮动;(使)漂浮
floating
floated
Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空(用所给词的适当形式填空)
Theriverisbeingpollutedwithmanyfactories1.existing(exist)onbothofitssides.Deadfishhavebeenfound2.floating(float)onthesurfaceofthewater.Unknownbacteria3.aremultiplying(multiply)fastalongtheriver,whichmightbeapotentialrisktopeople'shealth.However,what4.puzzles(puzzle)thelocalgovernmentishowtodealwiththerelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.Theywanttotakeaction5.topull(pull)downsomeofthefactories,buttheyfearthatthismaycausethelocaleconomy6.tocrash(crash)andthenbringimpactsonemployment.
Ⅱ.[原创]语境改错
Oneoftheexistedproblemsforastronautslivinginspaceishowtoeatanddrink.Theproblemhaslongbeenpuzzledscientists.EatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonEarth.Weknowpullorpushingaplateoracupslightlywillsendthemtofloatingawaybecausethereisnogravity.Iftheycrashedintothedelicateequipment,terriblethingswillhappen.Scientistswillmultiplyontheireffortstohavetheproblemssettledassoonaspossible.
【答案】
Oneofthe
problemsforastronautslivinginspaceishowtoeatanddrink.Theproblemhaslongbeen
scientists.EatinginspaceisdifferentfromeatingonEarth.Weknow
orpushingaplateoracupslightlywillsendthem
floatingawaybecausethereisnogravity.Ifthey
intothedelicateequipment,terriblethingswillhappen.Scientistswillmultiply
theireffortstohavetheproblemssettledassoonaspossible.【导学号:
11470054】
①exist是不及物动词,没有被动语态形式。
常构成下列短语或句型:
existin“存在于……之中”;existon“靠……为生”;thereexists/existed...“某地有……;存在……”。
existing可作定语,意为“现存的;现有的;目前的”。
②multiply可作“乘;增加;加倍;繁殖”解。
multiply...by...“用……乘以……”。
③puzzlesb.“使某人困惑/为难”;puzzleover/aboutsth.“苦苦思索/仔细琢磨……”。
④sendsb./sth.floatingaway“使某人/物漂走”,send可作“使;让”解,其主语通常是表示动作的名词。
⑤crashinto...“撞到……上”;crash除了作“碰撞;坠毁”解之外,还可作“(经济、股市等)崩溃”解。
⑥pulldown“拆毁;摧毁”;pullaway“(汽车等)开走;离开”;pullin“(车辆)进站停靠;靠边停靠”。
●相依为命的词搭配
搭配
例释、联想、拓展
动介
prevent...from 阻止;制止
watchoutfor密切注意;当心;提防
stop...from...制止……;keep...(back)from...阻止……;discourage...from...阻止……;hold...backfrom...阻止……
动副
cheerup 感到高兴;感到振奋
breakout突发;爆发
blockout挡住(光线)
breakawayfrom脱离/挣脱……;breakdown出故障;失败;垮掉;breakin插话;breakinto破门而入;breakup打碎;结束
形介
beharmfulto... 对……有害
do/causeharmtosb.=do/causesb.harm对某人有害
介名
intime 及时;终于
inone'sturn轮到某人;接着
ontime按时;overtime随着时间的推移;久而久之
Oureffortswillpayoffintime.
我们的努力迟早会有所回报。
Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空(填入一个适当的词)
Aconflictbroke1.outwhenthevillagerstriedtopreventthefactoryworkers2.fromsendingwastewaterintotheirfield.Thevillagershadbeenwatchingout3.forthewastewaterforsometime.Theyfounditwasveryharmful4.totheirhealthaswellastheircrops.Officialscamejust5.intimetostopthesituationgettingworse.Theymanagedtoblock6.outtheangerofthevillagers,promisingtopunishthefactoryforwhattheyhaddone.Onhearingthis,thevillagerscheered7.upandtheconflictendedfinally.
Ⅱ.[原创]语境改错
Lastnight,afirebrokeupinmyneighborhood.Luckily,firefighterscamejustintimestopreventthefirefromspread.Theysprayedakindoffoam(泡沫)onthefiretoblockawaytheair.Whenthefirewasfinallyputout,thecrowdcheeredon.Butthefirefighterswarnedustowatchoutwithanyelectricspark(火花),whichmightcauseanotherterriblefire.
【答案】
Lastnight,afirebroke
inmyneighborhood.Luckily,firefighterscamejustin
topreventthefirefrom
.Theysprayedakindoffoam(泡沫)onthefiretoblock
theair.Whenthefirewasfinallyputout,thecrowdcheered
.Butthefirefighterswarnedustowatchout
anyelectricspark(火花),whichmightcauseanotherterriblefire.
句法新天地——重点句型
twiceasfaras...
[教材原句] ButwhenItriedtostepforward,IfoundIwascarriedtwiceasfarasontheearthandfellover.
而当我试着向前迈步时,我发觉我被送出去很远,步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍,因而我摔倒了。
twiceasfaras...是一种倍数的表达方法,意为“是……的两倍远”;常用的倍数表达形式有:
A...倍数+as+adj./adv.原级+asB
A...倍数+adj./adv.比较级+thanB
A...倍数+the+size/weight/length...+ofB
A...倍数+what从句。
→Anewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmostthreetimesaslargeastheearth.
→Anewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmostthreetimesbiggerthantheearth.
→Anewplanetdiscoveredrecentlyisalmostthreetimesthesizeoftheearth.
最近发现的一颗行星几乎是地球的三倍大。
Theworld'spopulationhasgrowntomorethansixtimeswhatitwasin1800.
目前世界人口与1800年相比已经增长到当时的六倍多。
makeit+形容词/名词+todosth.
[教材原句] Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.
这就产生了一个连锁反应使生命的发展成为可能。
在“makeit+形容词/名词+todosth.”句型中,it为形式宾语,指代后面的不定式短语,形容词或名词为宾语补足语;该句型中的不定式短语可以换成that从句。
MasteringthetechnologymakesitpossibleforustousetheInternetmoreeffectively.
MasteringthetechnologymakesitpossiblethatwecanusetheInternetmoreeffectively.
精通这项技术可能会让我们更加有效地利用网络。
即时演练
Ⅰ.[原创]语境填空
Thedevelopmentofsciencemakes1.itpossibleforustovisitthemoon.Butyouwillfinditdifficult2.tostay(stay)inplacethere.Theearthis49times3.thesizeofthemoon.Asaresult,thegravityoftheearthisaboutsixtimesasgreat4.asthatofthemoon.Whenwegetclosertothemoon,wewillfeelitsgravitypullingus,butitisnotasstrong5.apullastheearth's.Soitisnoteasytokeepourbalanceandwemayeasilyfloatintotheair.Now6.thatwecan'tsolvetheproblematpresent,wemayaswellstayontheearth7.engaging(engage)ourselvesinscientificresearch.
【导学号:
11470055】
Ⅱ.[原创]语境改错
Ataroughestimate,NigeriaisthreetimessizeofGreatBritain.Itspopulationisnowtwicethatitwas50yearsago.Nigeriaisabundantinoil,whichmakespossibletobecomeAfrica'sNo.1economy.Chinesepeoplearepouringintothiscountry.ThenumberofChinesetouriststoNigeriaisfivetimesla