《软件工程》期中试题解答.docx

《软件工程》期中试题解答.docx

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《软件工程》期中试题解答

《软件工程》期中试题

一、选择题：

1.Thewaterfallmodelofsoftwaredevelopmentisalsoknownasthe（）A

A.ClassicallifecyclemodelB.Fountainmodel

C.SpiralmodelD.Chaosmodel

2.Theincrementalmodelofsoftwaredevelopmentis（）B

A.Areasonableapproachwhenrequirementsarewelldefined.

B.Agoodapproachwhenaworkingcoreproductisrequiredquickly.

C.Thebestapproachtouseforprojectswithlargedevelopmentteams.

D.Arevolutionarymodelthatisnotusedforcommercialproducts.

3.COCOMOIIisanexampleofasuiteofmodernempiricalestimationmodelsthatrequiresizinginformationexpressedas（）D

A.functionpointsB.linesofcodeC.applicationpointsD.anyoftheabove

4.Aneffectiveriskmanagementplanwillneedtoaddresswhichofthefollowingissues（）D

A.riskavoidanceB.riskmonitoring

C.contingencyplanningD.alloftheabove

5.Therelationshipsshowninadatamodelmustbeclassifiedtoshowtheir（）C

A.WidthanddepthB.Directionalityandreliability

C.cardinalityandmodalityD.probabilityandrisk

6.Thedatadictionarycontainsdescriptionsofeachsoftware（）B

A.configurationitemB.dataobjectC.diagramD.notation

7.Thestatetransitiondiagram（）A

A.indicatessystemreactionstoexternalevents

B.depictsrelationshipsbetweendataobjects

C.depictsfunctionsthattransformthedataflow

D.indicateshowdataaretransformedbythesystem

8.Whichofthefollowingisnotanareaofconcerninthedesignmodel（）D

A.architectureB.dataC.interfacesD.projectscope

9.Aprogramdesignlanguage（PDL）isoftena（）A

A.combinationofprogrammingconstructsandnarrativetext

B.legitimateprogramminglanguageinitsownright

C.machinereadablesoftwaredevelopmentlanguage

D.usefulwaytorepresentsoftwarearchitecture

10.Whattypesoferrorsaremissedbyblack-boxtestingandcanbeuncoveredbywhite-boxtesting（）B

A.behavioralerrorsB.subtlelogicerrorsC.performanceerrorsD.inputerror

11.ToachievehighmodularityofsoftwarecomponentsyouneedC

A.highcouplingandhighcohesion

B.highcouplingandlowcohesion

C.lowcouplingandhighcohesion

D.lowcouplingandlowcohesion

12.WhichofthefollowingisnotanobjectiveforbuildingananalysismodelC

A.definesetofsoftwarerequirements

B.describecustomerrequirements

C.developanabbreviatedsolutionfortheproblem

D.establishbasisforsoftwaredesign

13．下图所示的软件模块结构图，该软件的宽度为（）。

D

A．1B．3C．5D．6

14．面向对象的软件工程中，识别主类主要靠（）。

A

A．经验B．技巧C．启发式规则D．面向对象分析理论

15．用例图是（）。

D

A．系统特定行为的描述

B．系统行为之间交互的描述

C．系统和外部实体交互的描述

D．系统特定行为和外部实体以及和其他行为交互的描述

二、简答题：

1．Whatarethedifferencesbetweengenericsoftwareproductdevelopmentandcustomsoftwaredevelopment

A：

Theessentialdifferenceisthatingenericsoftwareproductdevelopment,thespecificationisownedbytheproductdeveloper.Forcustomproductdevelopment,thespecificationisownedbythecustomer.Ofcourse,theremaybedifferencesindevelopmentprocessesbutthisisnotnecessarilythecase.

2．Whatarethefourimportantattributeswhichallsoftwareproductsshouldhave

A：

Forimportantattributesaremaintainability,dependability,efficiencyandusability.

3．Asoftwarearchitecturedescribesahigh-leveldesignviewofasoftwaresystem.Whataretheadvantagesofexplicitlydescribingthearchitectureindependentlyfromtheimplementation

参考答案（不够准确）：

Thearchitecturemayhavetobedesignedbeforespecificationsarewrittentoprovideameansofstructuringthespecificationanddevelopingdifferentsub-systemspecificationsconcurrently,toallowmanufactureofhardwarebysub-contractorsandtoprovideamodelforsystemcosting.

4．Explainwhyitisimportanttoproduceanoveralldescriptionofasystemarchitectureatanearlystageinthesystemspecificationprocess.

A：

Anoverallarchitecturaldescriptionshouldbeproducedtoidentifysub-systemsmakingupthesystem.Oncethesehavebeenidentified,theymaybespecifiedinparallelwithothersystemsandtheinterfacesbetweensub-systemsdefined.

5．Requirementsshouldstatewhatasystemshoulddo,withoutstatinghowitshoulddoit.Whyisthisdistinctionuseful

6．Defineblackboxandwhiteboxtesting.WhataretheadvantagesofeachapproachWhyarebothnecessary

7．Fullpathcoveragetestingrequiresthateverypossiblepaththroughthecodebetestedatleastonce.WhyisfullpathcoveragetestingdesirableForthecodefragmentabove,howmanytestcaseswouldbeneededforfullpathcoverageWhymightfullpathcoveragebeimpossibletoachieveforsomeprograms

8．WhyissoftwaremaintenancedifficultWhyisitnecessary

9．Ifyouwantdevelopaninteractivesystemthatallowsrailwaypassengerstofindtraintimesfromterminalsinstalledinstations,whichgenericsoftwareprocessmodelthatmoresuitabletomanagementthedevelopmentprocessAndwhy

A：

InteractivetimetableSystemwithacomplexuserinterfacebutwhichmustbestableandreliable.Shouldbebasedonthrow-awayprototypingtofindrequirementstheneitherincrementaldevelopmentorwaterfallmodel.

10．Describefourtypesofnon-functionalrequirementsthatmaybeplacedonasystem.Giveexamplesofeachofthesetypesofrequirement.

A：

Therearemanypossibilitieshere.SomesuggestionsareshowninFigure.

FigureNon-functionalrequirements

Non-functional

requirement

Description

Description

Performance

Performancerequirementsset

outlimitstotheperformance

expectedofthesystem.These

maybeexpressedindifferent

waysdependingonthetypeof

system.numberof

transactionsprocessedper

second,responsetimetouser

requests,etc.

Thesystemmustprocessatleast150

transactionspersecond.

Themaximumresponsetimeforanyuser

requestshouldbe2seconds.

Implementation

Definesspecificstandardsor

methodswhichmustbeusedin

thedevelopmentprocessforthe

system

Thesystemdesignmustbedevelopedusing

anobject-orientedapproachbasedonthe

UMLprocess.

ThesystemmustbeimplementedinC++,

Version.

Usability

Definesrequirementswhich

relatetotheusabilityofthe

systembyend-users.

Alloperationswhicharepotentially

destructivemustincludeanundofacility

whichallowsuserstoreversetheiraction.

（Thisisanexampleofafunctional

requirementwhichisassociatedwithanonfunctional

requirement）

Alloperationswhicharepotentially

destructivemustbehighlightedinredinthe

systemuserinterface.

Safety

Safetyrequirementsare

concernedwiththeoverallsafe

operationofthesystem

Thesystemmustbecertifiedaccordingto

HealthandSafetyRegulationsXYZ123.

三、综合题

1．Thefollowingtableshowstheestimatedactivitydurationsandpre-requisitesforaprojectdevelopment.

Activity

Description

Duration（weeks）

TaskPre-requisites

T1

RequirementsElicitation

4

T2

Analysis&Design

3

1

T3

Installhardware

2

1

T4

DesignReview

1

2

T5

Code&UnitTest

4

1,2,3,4

T6

IntegrationTest

2

5

T7

PortingSoftware

1

4,6

T8

Documentation

2

6,7

T9

AcceptanceTest

3

5,6,7

T10

Install&Train

2

9

Drawaactivitycharttodeterminetheearliestweekofcompletion,theactivitieswhichhavesomefloatorslack,andtheactivitiesonthecriticalpath.Drawabarchartshowingtheprojectschedule.

2．绘制打电话的状态转换图

3．某校教务系统具备以下功能，输入用户ID号及口令后，经验证进入教务管理系统，可进行如下功能的处理：

查询成绩：

查询成绩以及从名次表中得到名次信息。

学籍管理：

根据学生总成绩排出名次信息。

成绩处理：

处理单科成绩并输入成绩表中。

就以上系统功能画出0层，1层的DFD图。

教务系统0层DFD图

教务系统1层DFD图

（身份验证处理框对应有一个用户信息的存储，名次表和学生成绩表应用存储的表示法）

4．一个自动化图书馆目录的软件系统要被开发。

这个系统将要包含图书馆中所有图书的信息，要求该系统对图书管理员、借阅者和读者都可用。

该系统应该支持目录浏览、查询，允许用户发送消息给图书管理员预订一本在借图书。

识别出系统描述中应考虑的基本视点，并用视点继承图（层次图）来描述它们之间的关系。

6版题

A：

TheviewpointsareshowninFigure.Notethatsystemmanagement.those

responsibleforinstallingandmaintainingthecomputersystemareaviewpointas

wellaslibrarystaffandlibraryusers.Libraryusershavebeenseparatelyidentifiedas

browsersandsearchersastheseoperationstypicallyrequiredifferenttypesofservices.

FigureViewpointhierarchydiagram

5．Developanobjectmodel,includingaclasshierarchydiagramandanaggregationdiagramshowingtheprincipalcomponentsofapersonalcomputersystemanditssystemsoftware.

A：

Therearemanypossibleorganizationsfortheclasshierarchy.IshowasimpleoneinFigurewithonlytwolevels.Athree-levelhierarchywouldalsobeOKbutmorethanthatwouldbetoomuch.Theaggregationdiagramshowsthepart-ofrelationshipsbetweenobjects.ThisisshowninFigure.Obviously,furtherdecompositionofthelowestlevelispossible.

FigureClasshierarchyforaPC

FigAggregationdiagramforaPC

6．Developasequencediagramshowingtheinteractionsinvolvedwhenastudentregistersforacourseinauniversity.Coursemayhavelimitedenrolment,sotheregistrationprocessmustincludechecksthatplacesareavailable.Assumethatthestudentaccessesanelectroniccoursecataloguetofindoutaboutavailablecourses.

A：

SeeFigure.

FigureSequencediagramofcourseregistration

7．Whatisthefundamentaldifferencebetweenafat-clientandathin-clientapproachtoclient-serversystemsdevelopment

A：

Inafat-clientsystem,someoftheapplicationprocessingiscarriedoutontheclientwhereasinathinclientsystemonlytheuserinterfaceisdisplayedontheclientandalloftheapplicationprocessingiscarriedoutontheserver.

8．UsingtheUMLgraphicalnotationforobjectclasses,designthefollowingobjectclassesidentifyingattributesandoperations.Useyourownexperiencetodecideontheattributesandoperationsthatshouldbeassociatedwiththeseobjects:

Aprinterfora