最新考研英语一真题及答案解析.docx
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最新考研英语一真题及答案解析
考研英语一（答案及解析）
SectionIUseofEnglish
Directions:
Readthefollowingtext・Choosethebestword（s）fromeachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）
Couldahugadaykeepthedoctoraway?
Theanswermaybearesounding,,yes!
M1_helpingyoufeelcloseand_2topeopleyoucareabout,itturnsoutthathugscanbringa3_ofhealthbenefitstoyour
bodyandmind・Believeitornot,awarmembracemightevenhelpyou_4gettingsickthiswinter.
Inarecentstudy5_over400healthyadults,researchersfromCarnegieMellonUniversityinpennsylvaniaexaminedtheeffectsofperceivedsocialsupportandthereceiptofhugs6_theparticipants'susceptibilitytodevelopingthecommoncoldafterbeing7_tothevirus.Peoplewhoperceivedgreater
socialsupportwerelesslikelytocome8_withacold,andtheresearchers_9thatthestress-reducing
effectsofhugging10_about32percentofthatbeneficialeffect・11_amongthosewhogotacold,theoneswhofeltgreatersocialsupportandreceivedmorefrequenthugshadlesssevere_12・
"Huggingprotectspeoplewhoareunderstressfromthe13_riskforcoldsthat'susually_14withstress,"NotessheldonCohen,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarnegie・Hugging"isamarkerofintimacyandhelps_15thefeelingthatothersaretheretohelp16_difficulty.11
Someexperts17_thestress-reducing,health-relatedbenefitsofhuggingtothereleaseofoxytocin,
oftencalleduthebondinghormone"_18itpromotesattachmentinrelationships,includingthatbetweenmothersandtheirnewbornbabies・OxytocinIsmadeprimarilyinthecentrallowerpartofthebrain,andsomeof
itisreleasedintothebloodstream・Butsomeofit19_inthebrain,whereit_20mood,behaviorand
physiology.
1.[AjBesides
[B]Unlike
[CjThroughout
[D]Despite
2.[Ajequal
[B]restricted
[C]connected
[D]inferior
3.[Ajview
[Bjhost
[C]lesson
[Djchoice
4.[Ajavoid
[B]forget
[Cjrecall
[D]keep
5.[Ajcollecting
[B]affecting
[C]guiding
[D]involving
6.[A]on
[B]in
[C]at
Q]of
7.[A]devoted
[B]attracted
[Cjlost
[Djexposed
8.[Ajalong
[Bjacross
[Cjdown
[Djout
9.[Ajimagined
[Bjdenied
[Cjdoubted
[Djcalculated
10.[Ajserved
[B]restored
[C]explained
[Djrequired
11.[AjThus
12.[A]defeats
[BjStill
[B]symptoms
[CjRather
[C]errors
[D]Even
[D]tests
13.[Ajhighlighted
[B]increased
[C]controlled
[Djminimized
14.[A]presented
[B]equipped
[C]associated
[Djcompared
15.[Ajassess
[B]generate
[C]moderate
[Djrecord
16.[A]inthenameof[B]intheformof[C]inthefaceof[D]inthewayof
17.[Ajattribute
[Bjcommit
[C]transfer
[Djreturn
18.[Ajunless
[Bjbecause
[Cjthough
[Djuntil
19.[Ajremains
[Bjemerges
[Cjvanishes
[Djdecreases
20.[A^xperiences完型答案：
[B]combines
[C]justifies
[D]influences
1-5:
ACBAD6-10:
ADCDC11-15:
DBBCB16-20:
CABAD
SectionIIReadingComprehension
PartA
Directions:
Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD・
MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）
Text1
Firsttwohours,nowthreehours—thisishowfarinadvanceauthoritiesarerecommendingpeopleshowuptocatchadomesticflight,atleastatsomemajorU.S.airportswithincreasinglymassivesecuritylines・
Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurityprotocolsinreturnforincreasedsafety.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedovertheMediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittlesecurityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess・Anditshould:
WastedtimeisadragonAmericans'economicandprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating・
Lastyear,theTransportationSecurityAdministration（TSA）foundinasecretcheckthatundercoverinvestigatorswereabletosneakweapons—bothfakeandreal—pastairportsecuritynearlyeverytimetheytried・Enhancedsecuritymeasuressincethen，combinedwithariseinairlinetravelduetotheimprovingeconomyandlowoilprices,haveresultedinlongwaitsatmajorairportssuchasChicago'sO1HareInternational.Itisnotyetclearhowmuchmoreeffectiveairlinesecurityhasbecome—butthelinesareobvious・
Partoftheissueisthatthegovernmentdidnotanticipatethesteepincreaseinairlinetravel,sotheTSAisnowrushingtogetnewscreenersontheline.Partoftheissueisthatairportshaveonlysomuchroomforscreeninglanes.Anotherfactormaybethatmorepeoplearetryingtooverpacktheircarry-onbagstoavoidchecked-baggagefees,thoughtheairlinesstronglydisputethis.
ThereisonesteptheTSAcouldtakethatwouldnotrequireremodelingairportsorrushingtohire:
EnrollmorepeopleinthePreCheckprogram・PreCheckissupposedtobeawin-winfortravelersandtheTSA・Passengerswhopassabackgroundcheckareeligibletouseexpeditedscreeninglanes・ThisallowstheTSAtofocusontravelerswhoarehigherrisk,savingtimeforeveryoneinvolved・TSAwantstoenroll25millionpeopleinPreCheck・
Ithasnotgottenanywhereclosetothat,andonebigreasonisstickershock:
Passengersmustpay$85everyfiveyearstoprocesstheirbackgroundchecks・Sincethebeginning,thispricetaghasbeenPreCheck'sfatalflaw.Upcomingreformsmightbringthepricetoamorereasonablelevel.ButCongressshouldlookintodoingsodirectly,byhelpingtofinancePreCheckenrollmentortocutcostsinotherways・
TheTSAcannotcontinuedivertingresourcesintounderusedPreChecklaneswhilemostofthetravelingpublicsuffersinunnecessarylines.Itislongpasttimetomaketheprogramwork・
21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto
[A]explainAmerican'stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks・
[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide・
[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports.
[D]emphasizetheimportaneeofprivacyprotection・
答案A
[答案解释]根据题下•关键词TheCrashofEgyptAirFlight804定位到第一段第3句。
该
句提到埃及航空公司的804航班被击落又一次提醒了为什么要进行安检。
该句的前两句提到了美国的大型
机场对旅客提岀了更多的安检要求，但旅客为了安全愿意忍受耗时的安检程序。
所以A符合文意。
22.Whichofthefollowingcontributestolongwaitsatmajorairports?
[A]Newrestrictionsoncarry-onbags・
[B]ThedecliningefficiencyoftheTSA.
[C]Anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers・
fD]Frequentunexpectedsecretchecks・
答案c
[答案解释]根据题干关键词longwait泄位到第二段第2句。
这句话中提到加强的安全措施和航空旅
游的数量的增加导致了大型机场的longwait。
题干中用contributeto,原文中
用同义短语resultin。
选项C中的anincreaseinthenumberoftravellers和原文中的risein
airlinetravel意思相同。
儿加强安全措施在其它几个选项都没提到过。
故正确选项为C.
23.Theword"expedited"（Liner4,Para.5）isclosetinmeaningto
[A]quieter.[B]cheaper.[C]wider.[D]faster.
答案D
[答案解释]应该出上下文中推断出单词的意思。
题「关键词expedited出现在第五段的
第2句话，这句话指出那些背景审核合格的乘客才能泄expedited筛査过道。
后句解释这使得TSA能把注意力集中在那些高风险的旅客身上，以节省大家的时间。
D选项faster更快，是原文中savingtime的同义词替换。
故正确选项为D。
24.OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogramis[A]adramatic
reductionofitsscale.
fB]itswrongly-directedimplementation.
[C]thegovernment”sreluctaneetobackit.
[D]anunreasonablepriceforenrollment・
答案D
[答案解释]提干中的关键词OneproblemwiththePreCheckprogram可以左位在文中第
六段第2句话，该句提到自从一开始预先检査的价格标签一直是致命的缺陷，文中的fatalflaw是题干中的problem的同义置换，下文中有进一步说明接下来的改革可能会使价格调整到一个更合理的水平。
根据这两句话，可以推断出现在PreCheckprogram的价格是不合理的。
选项D符合文意。
25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebestforthetext?
[A]LessScreeningforMoreSafety
[B]PreCheck-aBelatedSolution
[C]GettingStuckinSecurityLines
[D]UnderusedPreCheckLanes
答案c
[答案解释]文中第一段提到权威人士建议在美国大型机场搭乘国内航班现在要提前三个小时候机，第二段第一句又进一步提到美国人愿意忍受这种耗时的安检程序，第三段的第二句话说加强安全措施和航空旅游人数的增加导致了在大型机场的长时间候机，第五、六段提出了通过了现在的PreCheckprogram来解决长时间候机问题在价格方而的缺陷。
在最后一段又重申，大多数的旅客依然遭遇不必要的排队候机问题。
所以，可以看出，全文以长时间候机为主线贯穿始终，故正确答案为C。
Text2
Z/TheancientHawaiianswereastronomers/wroteQueenLiliuokalani,Hawaii'slastreigningmonarch,in1897・StarwatcherswereamongthemostesteemedmembersofHawaiiansociety・Sadly,allisnotwellwithastronomyinHawaiitoday・ProtestshaveeruptedoverconstructionoftheThirtyMeterTelescope（TMT）Zagiantobservatorythatpromisestorevolutionizehumanity'sviewofthecosmos.
AtissueistheTMT'splannedlocationonMaunaKea,adormantvolcanoworshipedbysomeHawaiiansasthepiko,thatconnectstheHawaiianIslandstotheheavens.ButMaunaKeaisalsohometosomeoftheworld'smostpowerfultelescopes・RestedinthePacificOcean,MaunaKea'speakrisesabovethebulkofourplanet'sdenseatmosphere,whereconditionsallowtelescopestoobtainimagesofunsurpassedclarity.
OppositiontotelescopesonMaunaKeaisnothingnew.AsmallbutvocalgroupofHawaiiansandenvironmentalistshavelongviewedtheirpreseneeasdisrespectfarsacredlandandapainfulreminderoftheoccupationofwhatwasonceasovereignnation.
Someblameforthecurrentcontroversybelongstoastronomers・Intheireagernesstobuildbiggertelescopes,theyforgotthatscienceisnottheonlywayofunderstandingtheworld.TheydidnotalwaysprioritizetheprotectionofMaunaKea'sfragileecosystemsoritsholinesstotheislands'inhabitants・Hawaiiancultureisnotarelicofthepast：
itisalivingcultureundergoingarenaissancetoday・
Yetsciencehasaculturalhistory,too,withrootsgoingbacktothedawnofcivilization.ThesamecuriositytofindwhatliesbeyondthehorizonthatfirstbroughtearlyPolynesianstoHawaii'sshoresinspiresastronomerstodaytoexploretheheavens.CallstodisassemblealltelescopesonMaunaKeaortobanfuturedevelopmentthereignoretherealitythatastronomyandHawaiianculturebothseektoanswerbigquestionsaboutwhoweare,wherewecomefromandwherewearegoing.Perhapsthatiswhyweexplorethestarryskies,asifansweringaprimalcallingtoknowourselvesandourtrueancestr
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