南京师范大学学位英语培训班写作专题.docx

南京师范大学学位英语培训班写作专题.docx

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南京师范大学学位英语培训班写作专题

PartFiveWriting

一、“比较型作文”基本结构与常用句型

（一）基本结构

第1段

第1句：

引出要比较的两个事物

第2句：

作者的观点：

赞成哪一个，反对哪一个。

第2段

第3句：

先承认所反对的事物也有优点。

第4、5、6句：

着重揭示其缺点。

第7、8、9句：

重点详写所赞成事物的优点或赞成的理由。

当然也可以在这其中用半句或一句承认其也有不足之处。

第3段

第10句：

总结句。

（二）常用句型

1.Withtheadventofcomputers（theinternet/TV）,…playsanimportantrole/partinourdailylife.

2.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,increasingattentionisdrawn（called）to…

3.Whileitiscommonly（generally/widely）believed（held/accepted）thatA….,IbelieveB….

4.ItistruethatA……

5.Tobesure,A……

6.Butthechief（obvious）faults（defects）are…

7.Studies（Researches/Experiments）show（demonstrate/reveal）that……

8.Onthecontrary（Ontheotherhand）,theadvantagesofB…..faroutweigh（carrymoreweightthan）advantagesofA…

9.Foronething,B…

10.Foranother,Balso……

11.AlthoughBfailsto（cannot）….fewthingscanbecomparedwith（match/equal）Bintermsof…

12.Theadvantage（significance）ofBismorethan……

（三）例文

CityLifeandSuburbanLife

1.最近几年越来越多的人迁往近郊居住

2.城市生活和近郊生活各有特点

3.比较起来，我喜欢的是……

（1）Inrecentyearsmoreandmorehomesarebeingpushedoutwardsastheactivitiesofbusiness,governmentandpleasuretendtobeconcentratedinthecentersofthecities.

（2）Althoughmostpeoplearereluctanttomovetotheoutskirtsofthecities,Ifeellikelivinginthesuburbs.

（3）Itistruethatthecitycanprovidemuchconvenienceandentertainment,theveryreasonpeoplecan’tbeartopartwithcitylife.（4）Butthecostfortheprivilegeoflivinginthecityisalsohigh.（5）Justthinkoftheplaceswherewelive,fullofpetrolfumesandtoxicgases,tornbytheroarofbusesandlorriesdayandnight,andthrongedceaselesslybygreatcrowds.（6）Besides,asthehousingprobleminthecentralcitygetmoreserious,peoplehavetopayhighrentsforverytinyflatswhichIwouldcertainlydisdaintolivein.（7）Incontrast,livingnearthecountrysideonecanenjoythecleanatmosphere,theclosenesstonatureandthequiet,peacefulsurroundings---theessentialsofahealthylife.（8）Nothingcanbecompared,asthepaceofmodernlifeisgettingquicker,withthefirstcockcrow,thetwitteringofbirdsatdawn,andthesightoftherisingsunglintingonthetreesandgreenfields.（9）Althoughlivinginthesuburbsyoumaysufferalittlediscomfortbroughtaboutbythenecessityoftravelingmilestoworkeveryday,thesituationwillchangesoonasmanyhighwaysandsubwaysarebeingconstructed.

（10）Thenewsuburbanlifeisfastbecomingapredominantpatternoflivinginmostcities;andwiththeimprovementoftrafficandtheperfectionofservices,itwillprovetoholdgreatsuperiorityovercitylife.

二、“分析型作文”基本结构与常用句型

（一）基本结构

第1段

第1句：

引出要讨论的主题，如离婚率上升、体育锻炼热等等。

第2句：

作者对这些问题的基本态度和看法，赞成还是反对。

第2段

第3句：

把为什么赞成或反对的基本理由扼要地提一下。

第4句：

从一个方面阐述赞成或反对的理由，即阐述事物的重要性或危害性。

第5句：

用具体的事例来论证第4句。

第6句：

从另一个方面阐述赞成或反对的理由，即阐述事物的重要性或危害性。

第7句：

用具体的事例来论证第6句。

第8句：

从第三个方面阐述赞成或反对的理由，即阐述事物的重要性或危害性。

第9句：

用具体的事例来论证第8句。

第3段

第10句：

总结句。

（二）常用句型

1.Theotherday（Fewmonthsago）,Ihappenedto…..

2.Thestory（case）isnotrare（unique）.Itisoneofthethousandswhobenefit（suffer）from……

3.Oneofthebenefitsderivedfrom（harmfuleffectson）…is…

4.Tohaveabetter（full）understanding（appreciation）of….Wemaylookat（turnto）……

5.Thereishardlyamanorwomanwhodoesn’t……

6.Anotherbenefit（effect）isconcernedwith（relatesto）……

7.Agoodcaseinpoint（typicalexampleofthis）is….

8.Ofallthebenefits,nonehasbeen（nothingis）more（as）significantmore（as）…..

9.Justthink（imagine）……

10.Thus,itcanbeseenthat……

（三）例文

AFive-dayWeek

1.从1995年起我国实行了五天工作制

2.五天工作制的好处

3.结论

（1）Forthefirsttimeinhistory,afive-dayweekwasofficiallyadoptedacrossChinainMay1995.

（2）Ithasfoundanimmediatewelcomeandmuchpopularityeversince.

（3）Indeed,therearemanyadvantagestoafive-dayweek.（4）First,itprovidesanindividualwithtimeandleisureforpersonalitydevelopment.（5）Withit,heisabletopursuehisintellectualinterestsandotherpersonalhobbies,athinghehaslongdesiredbutfoundimpossibleinthepastwhenheonlyhadonedayoffinaweekandcouldbarelyarrangethehousehold.（6）Second,thequalityoflifehasgreatlyimproved.（7）Alongholidaymakesitpossibleforpeopletogotravelingaroundthecountryandevenabroad.（8）Finally,atwo-dayweekendhaspromotedthegrowthoftheconsumingmarket.（9）Foranincreasingnumberofpeoplechoosetogotravelingandshoppingatweekendsinsteadofstayingathome---anewhabitwhichisbeneficialtonation’seconomy.

（10）Afive-dayweekbenefitsmorethanindividuallyandeconomically,andwiththepassageoftime,itwillshowmoreprofoundsignificance.

三、“理由型作文”基本结构与常用句型

（二）常用句型

1.Whenaskedabout（itcomesto）……,avastmajorityof（asizablepercentageof/aconsiderableproportionof）people（collegepopulations/thepublic）answer（claim/believe）that…

2.Contrarytothewidely-held（popular）belief（thought）,Iprefer（thinkdifferently）.

3.Thereareseveral（anumberof）reasonsformypreference（choice）.

4.First（Foronething/Tobeginwith）,……

5.Agoodexampleofthiscanbeprovided（cited/offered）by……

6.Second（Foranother/Anotherreasonis）……

7.Personalexperienceshows（demonstrates）that……

8.Finally（Perhapsthemostimportantreasonis）……

9.Thereareinstances（times）when……

10.Forallthesereasons（Takingalltheseintoaccount）,itcomesasnosurprisethat（itissmallwonderthat）……

（三）例文

ThemostUnforgettablePersonIEverKnew

1.我生活中最难以忘怀的人是……

2.为什么他（或她）一直在我心中

3.结论

（1）InmylifeIhavemetmanypeoplewhoarereallyworthrecalling.

（2）ButperhapsthemostunforgettablepersonIeverknewismyChineselanguageteacher.

（3）Whatfrequentlybringsbackmemoriesofmyschoolteacherishisspecialqualities.（4）Firstofall,Iwasattractedbyhislivelywit.（5）Irememberthatwestudentsalwaysanticipatedhisclasswithgreateagernessbecausehislectureswerehumorouslydelivered,neverfailingtoprovokechucklesorloudlaughs.（6）Second,hegaveusthegreatestgiftateachercanoffer---anawakeningofapassionforlearning.（7）HenotonlyledustoanappreciationofthebeautyandperfectionofChineseandliterature,butalsoarousedourgreatinterestinexploringsomethingdeeperinthisfield.（8）Finally,Iwasdeeplyimpressedbytherespectheshowedforus.（9）Ashetreateduslikefriendsratherthanstudents,wealllikedtovisithishomeforsocialactivitiesaswellasforacademicadvice.

（10）Althoughitisnearly10yearssinceIattendedhislastclass,heisthetalkofouroldclassmates,andIknowpartofhimhasalreadystayedinmyheart.

四、“批驳型作文”基本结构与常用句型

（二）常用句型

1.Inrecentyears（Inthepastfewyears,thereisremarkableincreasing（rowingdemandfor/markedchangeinattitudestowards）…..

2.……playanimportantpartin（becomeindispensableto/makeangreatcontributionto……

3.Butnoteveryoneshares（agreeswith）theidea（view）,anditisarguedthat……,andthat……

4.Itseemsreasonabletoassumethat…,butacloseexamination（carefulanalysis）oftheargumentreveals（indicates/discloses）howfallaciousitis……

5.Thereisnovalid（sufficient/statistical）evidencetoshowthat……

6.Tosay……isclosetosuggest（toamountto）……

7.Andnothingissofoolish（absurd/untrue）astheviewthat……

8.Thetruth（fact）isthat….

9.Rather,thereverseistrue.

10.Justtheoppositeistrue.

11.Anyonewiththeleastcommonsense（modestknowledge）of….calltell……

12.Insummary/Inconclusion……

（三）例文

IfThereWereNoAdvertisements

1.有的人认为广告完全没有必要

2.有的人认为我们的社会离不开广告

3.我的观点

（1）Nowadays,advertisementscanbefoundeverywhereinabigcitysuchasShanghai.

（2）Theyshoutatusfromthetelevisionscreenandradioloudspeakers,wavetousfromeverypageofthenewspaper,signaltousfromtheroadsidebillboardsalldayandflashmessagestousincoloredlightsallnight.

（3）Facedwithafloodofadvertisements,somepeoplewonderwhetheritisnecessarytohavesuchhugesumsspentonadvertising.（4）theyoftenciteinillustrationofittheattractive,butfalseanddeceptiveadvertisementstowhichmanyconsumersfallvictim.（5）Theysuggestthatsinceadvertisingisanentirelyunproductiveindustryandmayevenharmthecustomers’interest,whydon’twestopadvertisingandusethemoneytoreducethepriceofgoods?

（6）itsoundslikeagoodidea,buttheyfailtonoticethecontributionadvertisingmakestooursociety.（7）Becausetheproductionofabetterproducttocompeteforcustomers’moneyisthegoalofadvertisers,customersarethusgivenachancetocomparetheirproductsandgetthebestandcheapestone.（8）Besides,astheadvertisementcanprovidepeoplewithalotofimmediateanddetailedinformationastotheavailabilityofacertainproduct,oraserviceorajob,itmakeslifemuchmoreconvenient.（9）Andanotherthingwemustn’tforget:

thefactthatwepaysolittleforourdailynewspapersandTVprogramsisdueentirelytothemoneyspentbyadvertisers.

（10）Advertisingperformssuchausefulservicetooursocietythatwecan’timaginewhatwouldhappeniftherewerenoadvertisements.

五、“评论型作文”基本结构与常用句型

（二）常用句型

1.Whyshouldwe……?

Does……?

Suchquestionsastheseareoftenasked,especiallybythose……

2.Theanswerstothesequestions（Opinionsoftheissue/Attitudestowardstheproblem）oftenvaryfrompersontoperson（differsharply/widely）.

3.Somepeopleargue（maintain）that……

4.Asisoften（frequently）pointedoutthat…

5.Thereisnodoubt（denying）that……

6.Itcertainlyhelpspeopletosolve（enjoy/benefit）……

7.Itcertainlyoffer