南京师范大学学位英语培训班写作专题.docx

1、南京师范大学学位英语培训班写作专题Part Five Writing 一、 “比较型作文”基本结构与常用句型（一）基本结构第1段第1句：引出要比较的两个事物第2句：作者的观点：赞成哪一个，反对哪一个。第2段第3句：先承认所反对的事物也有优点。第4、5、6句：着重揭示其缺点。第7、8、9句：重点详写所赞成事物的优点或赞成的理由。当然也可以在这其中用半句或一句承认其也有不足之处。第3段第10句：总结句。（二）常用句型1. With the advent of computers (the internet / TV), plays an important role / part in our d

2、aily life.2. With the development of science and technology, increasing attention is drawn (called) to3. While it is commonly (generally / widely) believed (held / accepted) that A ., I believe B.4. It is true that A5. To be sure, A6. But the chief (obvious) faults (defects) are 7. Studies (Research

3、es / Experiments) show (demonstrate / reveal) that8. On the contrary (On the other hand), the advantages of B .far outweigh (carry more weight than) advantages of A9. For one thing, B10. For another, B also11. Although B fails to (can not) .few things can be compared with (match / equal) B in terms

4、of12. The advantage (significance) of B is more than(三)例文City Life and Suburban Life1. 最近几年越来越多的人迁往近郊居住2. 城市生活和近郊生活各有特点3. 比较起来，我喜欢的是 (1) In recent years more and more homes are being pushed outwards as the activities of business, government and pleasure tend to be concentrated in the centers of the

5、cities. (2) Although most people are reluctant to move to the outskirts of the cities, I feel like living in the suburbs.(3) It is true that the city can provide much convenience and entertainment, the very reason people cant bear to part with city life. (4) But the cost for the privilege of living

6、in the city is also high. (5) Just think of the places where we live, full of petrol fumes and toxic gases, torn by the roar of buses and lorries day and night, and thronged ceaselessly by great crowds. (6) Besides, as the housing problem in the central city get more serious, people have to pay high

7、 rents for very tiny flats which I would certainly disdain to live in. (7) In contrast, living near the countryside one can enjoy the clean atmosphere, the closeness to nature and the quiet, peaceful surroundings - the essentials of a healthy life. (8) Nothing can be compared, as the pace of modern

8、life is getting quicker, with the first cock crow, the twittering of birds at dawn, and the sight of the rising sun glinting on the trees and green fields. (9) Although living in the suburbs you may suffer a little discomfort brought about by the necessity of traveling miles to work every day, the s

9、ituation will change soon as many highways and subways are being constructed. (10) The new suburban life is fast becoming a predominant pattern of living in most cities; and with the improvement of traffic and the perfection of services, it will prove to hold great superiority over city life.二、 “分析型

10、作文”基本结构与常用句型（一）基本结构第1段第1句：引出要讨论的主题，如离婚率上升、体育锻炼热等等。第2句：作者对这些问题的基本态度和看法，赞成还是反对。第2段第3句：把为什么赞成或反对的基本理由扼要地提一下。第4句：从一个方面阐述赞成或反对的理由，即阐述事物的重要性或危害性。第5句：用具体的事例来论证第4句。第6句：从另一个方面阐述赞成或反对的理由，即阐述事物的重要性或危害性。第7句：用具体的事例来论证第6句。第8句：从第三个方面阐述赞成或反对的理由，即阐述事物的重要性或危害性。第9句：用具体的事例来论证第8句。第3段第10句：总结句。（二）常用句型1. The other day (Few

11、 months ago), I happened to .2. The story (case) is not rare (unique). It is one of the thousands who benefit (suffer) from3. One of the benefits derived from (harmful effects on) is4. To have a better (full) understanding (appreciation) of . We may look at ( turn to) 5. There is hardly a man or wom

12、an who doesnt 6. Another benefit (effect) is concerned with (relates to) 7. A good case in point (typical example of this) is .8. Of all the benefits, none has been (nothing is) more (as) significant more (as) .9. Just think (imagine)10. Thus, it can be seen that（三）例文A Five-day Week1. 从1995年起我国实行了五天

13、工作制2. 五天工作制的好处3. 结论 (1) For the first time in history, a five-day week was officially adopted across China in May 1995. (2) It has found an immediate welcome and much popularity ever since.(3) Indeed, there are many advantages to a five-day week. (4) First, it provides an individual with time and le

14、isure for personality development. (5) With it, he is able to pursue his intellectual interests and other personal hobbies, a thing he has long desired but found impossible in the past when he only had one day off in a week and could barely arrange the household. (6) Second, the quality of life has

15、greatly improved. (7) A long holiday makes it possible for people to go traveling around the country and even abroad. (8) Finally, a two-day weekend has promoted the growth of the consuming market. (9) For an increasing number of people choose to go traveling and shopping at weekends instead of stay

16、ing at home - a new habit which is beneficial to nations economy.(10) A five-day week benefits more than individually and economically, and with the passage of time, it will show more profound significance. 三、“理由型作文”基本结构与常用句型（二）常用句型1. When asked about (it comes to), a vast majority of (a sizable per

17、centage of / a considerable proportion of ) people (college populations / the public) answer (claim / believe) that 2. Contrary to the widely-held (popular) belief (thought), I prefer (think differently).3. There are several (a number of) reasons for my preference (choice).4. First (For one thing /

18、To begin with), 5. A good example of this can be provided (cited / offered) by 6. Second (For another / Another reason is)7. Personal experience shows (demonstrates) that 8. Finally (Perhaps the most important reason is) 9. There are instances (times) when 10. For all these reasons (Taking all these

19、 into account), it comes as no surprise that ( it is small wonder that)（三）例文The most Unforgettable Person I Ever Knew1. 我生活中最难以忘怀的人是2. 为什么他（或她）一直在我心中3. 结论 (1) In my life I have met many people who are really worth recalling. (2) But perhaps the most unforgettable person I ever knew is my Chinese lan

20、guage teacher.(3) What frequently brings back memories of my school teacher is his special qualities. (4) First of all, I was attracted by his lively wit. (5) I remember that we students always anticipated his class with great eagerness because his lectures were humorously delivered, never failing t

21、o provoke chuckles or loud laughs. (6) Second, he gave us the greatest gift a teacher can offer - an awakening of a passion for learning. (7) He not only led us to an appreciation of the beauty and perfection of Chinese and literature, but also aroused our great interest in exploring something deepe

22、r in this field. (8) Finally, I was deeply impressed by the respect he showed for us. (9) As he treated us like friends rather than students, we all liked to visit his home for social activities as well as for academic advice.(10) Although it is nearly 10 years since I attended his last class, he is

23、 the talk of our old classmates, and I know part of him has already stayed in my heart.四、“批驳型作文”基本结构与常用句型（二）常用句型1. In recent years (In the past few years, there is remarkable increasing (rowing demand for / marked change in attitudes towards) .2. play an important part in (become indispensable to /

24、make an great contribution to3. But not everyone shares (agrees with) the idea (view), and it is argued that , and that4. It seems reasonable to assume that , but a close examination (careful analysis) of the argument reveals (indicates / discloses) how fallacious it is5. There is no valid (sufficie

25、nt / statistical) evidence to show that 6. To sayis close to suggest (to amount to)7. And nothing is so foolish (absurd / untrue) as the view that 8. The truth (fact) is that .9. Rather, the reverse is true.10. Just the opposite is true.11. Anyone with the least common sense (modest knowledge ) of.

26、call tell12. In summary / In conclusion（三）例文If There Were No Advertisements1. 有的人认为广告完全没有必要2. 有的人认为我们的社会离不开广告3. 我的观点(1) Nowadays, advertisements can be found everywhere in a big city such as Shanghai. (2) They shout at us from the television screen and radio loudspeakers, wave to us from every page

27、of the newspaper, signal to us from the roadside billboards all day and flash messages to us in colored lights all night.(3) Faced with a flood of advertisements, some people wonder whether it is necessary to have such huge sums spent on advertising. (4) they often cite in illustration of it the att

28、ractive, but false and deceptive advertisements to which many consumers fall victim. (5) They suggest that since advertising is an entirely unproductive industry and may even harm the customers interest, why dont we stop advertising and use the money to reduce the price of goods? (6) it sounds like

29、a good idea, but they fail to notice the contribution advertising makes to our society. (7) Because the production of a better product to compete for customers money is the goal of advertisers, customers are thus given a chance to compare their products and get the best and cheapest one. (8) Besides

30、, as the advertisement can provide people with a lot of immediate and detailed information as to the availability of a certain product, or a service or a job, it makes life much more convenient. (9) And another thing we mustnt forget: the fact that we pay so little for our daily newspapers and TV pr

31、ograms is due entirely to the money spent by advertisers.(10) Advertising performs such a useful service to our society that we cant imagine what would happen if there were no advertisements.五、“评论型作文”基本结构与常用句型（二）常用句型1. Why should we ? Does ? Such questions as these are often asked, especially by tho

32、se2. The answers to these questions (Opinions of the issue / Attitudes towards the problem) often vary from person to person (differ sharply / widely).3. Some people argue (maintain) that4. As is often (frequently) pointed out that 5. There is no doubt (denying) that 6. It certainly helps people to solve (enjoy / benefit)7. It certainly offer