大一英语综合教程上期末英语书本答案.docx

大一英语综合教程上期末英语书本答案.docx

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大一英语综合教程上期末英语书本答案

Unit1

Lesson1

Audiostudio

SteveJobsistheco-founderandCEOofAppleInc.andformerCEOofPixarAnimationStudios.HeisthelargestindividualshareholderinWaltDisney.HisnameisassociatedwithinnovativeproductsliketheiPod,iPhoneandiTunes.Heisamuchrespectedcorporateleaderwhosemanagementstyleisstudiedworldwide.Hisattentiontodesign,functionandstylehaswonhimmillionsoffans.

JobswasborninSanFranciscoin1955.Hebecameinterestedincomputerswhenhewasateenager.In1974,hegotajobasatechnicianatthevideogamemakerAtari.HesavedenoughmoneytobackpackaroundIndiaandthenreturnedtoAtari.

JobsandWozniakfoundedApplein1976.JobsguidedAppletobecomeamajorplayerinthedigitalrevolution.TheintroductionoftheiMacandothercutting-edgeproductsmadeitapowerfulbrandwithaloyalfollowing.JobsalsoenjoyedconsiderablesuccessatPixar.HecreatedOscar-winningmoviessuchasToyStoryandFindingNemo.

In2004,Jobswasdiagnosedwithacancer.InApril2009,heunderwentalivertransplantandhisprognosiswas“excellent.”

Hisadvicetoaspiringyoungentrepreneursis:

“You’vegottofindwhatyoulove.”

Lesson2

Audiostudio

Makingthetransitionfromhighschooltocollegelifecanbedifficult.Itiseasytobecome

discouraged,overwhelmedandhomesick.Hereareafewtipsthatwillmakethetransitiontocollegelifealittleeasier.

YouAreinChargeofYourTime

Alongwithyournewfoundfreedomatcollegecomesresponsibility.Beingresponsibleinvolvesbeingabletomanageyourtime.Usingaplannertohelpyoustayorganizedishighlyrecommended.Youshouldalsotrytoplanyourcourseworkinadvance,soyoucandeterminewhatextracurricularactivitiesyouwillhavetimefor.

It’sImportanttoKeepanOpenMind

Whenyoufirstmovetocollege,you’regoingtobeinanewplace,handlingnewsituations.Soyouneedtokeepanopenmind.Collegeisn’tjustaboutlearningfactsandtheoriesfromtextbooks.Alargepartofcollegeinvolveslearninghowtobeanadult.

HomeIsOnlyaPhoneCallorInstantMessageAway

Ifgoingawaytocollegeisthefirsttimeyou’vebeenawayfromhomeforalongperiodoftime,it’snaturaltofeelhomesick.Don’tbepessimistic.Andifthingsgettoobad,homeisonlyaphonecallorinstantmessageaway.

Unit2

Lesson1

Audiostudio

SearchingtheInternetmayhelpmiddle-agedandolderadultskeeptheirmemoriessharp,accordingtoarecentstudy.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornia,LosAngeles,recordedthebrainactivityofpeoplesearchingtheWebandfoundthatthosewithexperienceoftheInternetusedmoreoftheirbrainduringtheirsearches.ThissuggeststhatsimplysearchingtheInternethastheeffectoftrainingthebrainandkeepingitactiveandhealthy.Manystudieshavefoundthatchallengingmentalactivitiessuchaspuzzlescanhelppreservebrainfunction,butfewhavelookedatwhatroletheInternetmightplay.AccordingtoDrGarySmall,aUCLAexpertonageing,thisisthefirsttimeanyonehassimulatedanInternetsearchtaskwhilescanningthebrain.DrSmall’steamstudied24normalvolunteersbetweentheagesof55and76.HalfwereexperiencedatsearchingtheInternetandtheotherhalfhadnoWebexperience.BothgroupswereaskedtodoInternetsearchesandbookreadingtaskswhiletheirbrainactivitywasmonitored.

TheteamfoundthatpeoplewhoarefamiliarwiththeInternetcanengageatamuchdeeperlevelofbrainactivity.

Lesson2

Audiostudio

Atthedawnofthedigitalage,manybelievedthattheInternet,e-mail,blogsandinteractive

videogameswouldproduceagenerationofmoreintellectuallysophisticatedchildren.Theterms“informationsuperhighway”and“knowledgeeconomy”enteredthedictionary,anditwasassumedthatteenswouldusetheirknowledgeandunderstandingoftechnologytoblazeatrailasthepioneersofthisnewdigitalage.Thatwasthepromise.Buttheenlightenmentdidn’thappen.Thetechnologythatwassupposedtomakeyoungadultsmoreintelligent,diversifytheirtastesandimprovetheirverbalskillshashadtheoppositeeffect.Accordingtorecentreports,mostyoungpeopleintheUnitedStatesdonotreadliterature,visitmuseumsorvote.Theycannotexplainbasicscientificmethods,recountbasicAmericanhistory,nametheirlocalpoliticalrepresentativesorlocateIraqorIsraelonamap.TheDumbestGeneration,writtenbyMarkBauerlein,isastartlingindictmentoftheintellectuallifeofyoungadultsandatimelywarningofitsconsequencesforAmericancultureanddemocracy.

Unit3

Lesson1

Audiostudio

TheU.S.alreadyhashigh-speedtrains:

theAcelaExpresshasbeencarryingmillionsofridersbetweenWashingtonD.C.,NewYork,andBostonsince2000.Itzipsalongat150milesperhourforrelativelyshortdistances—justover25milesperhourfasterthanitsconventionalcounterparts.Butcompareitwithhigh-speedtrainsinEuropeandAsiathatcanreachspeedsover200milesperhouronhundredsofmilesoftrack.Theproblemis:

tracksintheU.S.arenotdesignedtosupporthigh-speedtravel.Plus,anynewexpresstrainsmighthavetosharethoselineswithslowerfreighttraffic.Soishigh-speedtraintravelevenpossibleintheU.S.?

Well,theObamaadministrationhopestomakeitso,settingaside$8billiontocreate10high-speedlinesbetweencitiesintheEast,Southeast,Midwest,andWestCoast.ButitwilltakealotmoremoneytobringtheU.S.passengerrailsystemuptothestandardsof,say,theFrenchTrainàGrandeVitesse,whichrunsondelicatetracksandholdstherecordforthefastesttrainat357milesperhour.AndAmtrakhasprovenwoefullyinadequateatprovidingpassengerrailserviceinitsthreedecadesofexistence,requiringconstantinfusionsofgovernmentcashandrarelykeepingtoschedule.Sodonotexpecthigh-speedtrainstoshowupfastatyourlocalstation.

Lesson2

Audiostudio

CompetitionbetweenairlinesandrailoperatorswillfurtherhotupthankstothelaunchofChina’slongesthigh-speedtrainlinkbetweenWuhanandGuangzhou.Thelinestretchesmorethan1,000kmandwillslashthetraveltimefromWuhantoGuangzhoufrom10hourstojustthree.Thelink,onwhichtrainswillreachatopspeedof350kmperhour,isexpectedtoposearealthreattoairlines.“High-speedrailhasthreeadvantagesoverairtravel:

itismoreconvenient,morepunctualandhasabettersafetyrecord.Thiscouldhelperodetheairlines’marketshare,”saidSiXianmin,chairmanofChinaSouthernAirlines.Todealwiththisthreat,ChinaSouthernAirlineshasunveiledseveralcountermeasures,includingcuttingticketpricesfromWuhantoGuangzhoubyalmosthalfforpurchasesmadeinadvance.“Ifrailwaychiefscutthenumberoflow-costticketsonslowertrainstoosharply,astheydidwhenthecountry’sfirsthigh-speedlinkopenedbetweenBeijingandTianjinlastyear,theairlinescouldwinmorepassengerswiththeircheapoffers.Butwhicheversidewins,passengerswillbetheultimatewinner.”saidZhaoJian,aprofessoratBeijingJiaotongUniversity.WuWenhua,aresearcherwiththeNationalDevelopmentandReformCommission’scomprehensivetransportinstitute,saysthat“developinghigh-speedrailnetworksisinlinewiththedemandforhigh-efficiency,low-emissionstransport.”By2020Chinaplanstohavehigh-speedrailservicesrunningbetween70percentofitskeycities,coveringmorethan80percentofthepresentairlinenetwork.

Unit4

Lesson1

Audiostudio

PayingforcollegeintheUSisabouttogetharder.StartinginJuly2007,interestratesonnewstudentloanswillriseto6.8%,fromtoday’srateof4.7%.AndinterestratesonnewloansthatparentstakeoutcalledPLUSloanswillriseto8.5%.Thebottomlineisthatgettingyourdegreeisbecomingevenmoreexpensive.

Ona$20,000loan,studentswillbepayingabout$2,500moreoverthelifeoftheloanjustininterestpayments.Andparentswillhavetoputup$3,000more.

Thisisgoingtopreventalotofyoungadultsfromlivingindependentlyoncetheyleaveschool.

Manywillbeunabletopayofftheircreditcarddebt.Parentsarealsogoingtofeelthepainbecausetheywillhavetosupporttheirchildrenformuchlonger,withtheresultthattheymayhavetodefertheirownretirement.

Lesson2

Audiostudio

Thefinancialaidpackagehasjustarrivedinthemailfromyourdreamschoolbutwithaslight

problem－it’sstillnotenough.Whereareyougoingtofindtheextra?

Oneofthemostcommonwaysofpayingforcollegeisthroughscholarshipsandgrants.

Scholarshipsareusuallyawardedtostudentsbasedonacademicachievementormerit,whilegrantsareusuallybasedonotherconsiderations,suchasgeographicallocationorfinancialneed.Bothareconsidered“giftaid”anddonothavetobepaidbackaftergraduation.Anotherwaytopayforcollegeisthroughfederalloans,whichoftencomeinassociationwithgrants,scholarshipsandotheraidthataninstitutionawardspotentialstudentsforagivenacademicyear.Repaymentoftheseloansdoesnotbeginuntilsixmonthsafterthestudenthasgraduatedorleftschool.Ifthere’snowhereelsetoturn,studentscancontactthecollegeoruniversity’sfinancialaidoffice.Theywillusuallythenbeassignedaspecificfinancialaidcounselortohelpthemwiththeirconcernsortosecureadditionalresourcestoenablethemtofinancetheircollegeeducation.Acollegeeducationshouldnotbeputonholdduetofundingproblems.Howeverreluctantstudentsandtheirparentsmaybetogetintodebtinordertofinancehighereducation,theywillsurelyfindthatitturnsouttobeaninvestmentthatpaysoffwhenthestudententerstheprofessi