提高听力的方法和步骤.docx
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提高听力的方法和步骤
听力理解
《同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语水平全国统一考试大纲》对听力理解的要求是,“能听懂对话、简单的故事和演说,能抓住其中心思想和主要细节,能判断一般对话的情境场合、人物关系、身份及会话意图等。
语速为每分钟120~140个词。
”听力由A、B、C三节中的两节或三节组成。
A节为5~10题小对话。
考生针对对话之后的提问从四个选项中选其一。
B节为2~3段对话或独白。
内容为一般性交际会话、讲演、故事或论述等,每段对话或独白后有2~3个问题,考生根据录音中的提问从四个选项中选出最佳答案。
C节是一篇有关日常生活或科普的短文、对话或独白。
要求考生填空词语或短语,或简略回答问题。
录音播放三遍。
每题1分,共15~20分。
听力题项旨在测试考生获取口头信息的能力。
考生只有通过大量的反复的听,听得滚瓜烂熟,直至形成直觉的而非理解性的反应,才能游刃有余地应对考试。
然而要听懂,首先必须在基本的听力技能的掌握上下功夫,如单词的读音、辅音连缀、失去爆破,句子中的重读、弱读、连读,语音语调等。
在此基础上,了解一些听力应试技巧无疑会提高自己的听力理解和应试能力。
掌握相关词语,直入语境
简短对话涉及的内容广泛,但主要话题还是围绕着衣食住行等日常生活、学习、工作等方面。
熟悉这些话题的典型词语很快就会把我们带到相应的语言环境中捕捉到最主要的信息,对于情景场合、人物关系、身份及会话意图等做出准确的推理与判断。
a)学业和学习生活:
admissionsoffice(招生办),transcript:
成绩单,enrollment/registration注册tosignupfor/registerfor/enrollin(acourse,aclass)报名选课,required/compulsory/necessarycourse必修课程,optional/electivecourse,electives,选修课,major主修,minor副修,recordofformalschooling学历,academicdegree学位,semester/term学期,project课题,作业,presentation发言,assignment作业,quiz作业,随堂小考,seminar研究班;研究班课程;研讨会,专题讨论会,session一段时间,reviewsession复习课,labsession实验课,question-and-answersession答问时间,summersession暑期班,fieldtrip户外实习/考察,实地观摩,gradeexams改考卷,makethehighestgrade得最高分,internship实习,termpaper学期论文,labreport实验报告,thesis(毕业或学位论文),dissertation博士学位论文;专题论文;tuition(学费),miscellaneousexpenses(杂费),livingexpenses/costofliving生活费,roomandboardfees食宿费,assistantship助研金,fellowship研究生奖学金,scholarship奖学金,passone’sorals通过口试,failtheexam考试不及格,makeupacourse/anexamination补修一门课/补考,dropoutofschool退学,discontinueone’sstudies辍学,transfertoanotherschool转学,tograduatewithhonors/withflyingcolors作为优等生毕业,diploma毕业文凭,commencement/graduationceremony毕业典礼,dorm(itory)宿舍,campus校园,clinic诊所,cafeteria自取饭菜的食堂throwaparty/dance/celebration举行聚会/舞会/庆祝会
b)看病、银行、邮局、机场等:
writeoutaprescription开处方,fillaprescription配药,comedownwith(theflu)得、患上(流感);cough咳嗽,sorethroat喉咙痛,injection注射,runahighfever发高烧,toothache牙痛,cavity龋齿,gum牙龈,pullout/extractthetooth拔牙,tablets片剂,pills丸剂,capsule胶囊(剂),powder粉剂,dose一剂,一贴,infirmary医务室,clinic诊所,consultinghours门诊时间,emergencycase急诊,laboratoryreport化验单,makeanappointment预约,goonadiet按规定的饮食进食,annualcheck-up一年一度的体检;getacheckcashed把支票兑成现金,deposit存款;定金,passbook存折,savingsaccount存折账户,checkingaccount活期存款、支票账户,bond债券,exchangerate兑换率,interestrate利率,withdraw取出,bill票面,dime角,coin硬币,teller银行出纳,getthepostal/moneyordercashed拿邮政汇款单取款,remittance汇款,汇款额,registerletter挂号信,airmail航空邮件,postage邮费,邮资,commemorativestamps纪念邮票,specialdelivery专递,insuredpackage保价包裹,pickupapackage取包裹;directflight直达航班,onschedule准时,behindschedule误点,boardinggate登机口,getone’sticketpunched检票,goonboard登机,boardingpass/boardingcard登机牌,airhostess空中小姐,makeaflightreservation机票预定,confirmone’sflight确定(某人的)机座,thebaggageclaimarea认领行李处,ticketagency,售票代理处,check–inprocedure登机手续,passport护照,immunizationrecordbook免疫注射证明书,disembarkationcard入境申报表,customsform海关申报表,arrivalanddeparttime飞机到达和起飞时间
c)商店、饭店:
bargain便宜货,agoodbuy/agreatdeal买得合算的东西,discountstore折扣商店,sellatadiscount削价出售,onsale大甩卖,regularprice原价,forsale待售,出售,coupon优惠券,lineup,standinline排队,order定货,outofstock无现货,脱销,acustom-madesuit一套定做的衣服,(Thisjacket)fitsyouperfectly.(你穿这件茄克衫)很合身,Haveyouthoughtofasizelarger?
要不要大一号的?
Tryitforsize试试大小,takeit(e.g.thejacket)in把(夹克衫)改小,paperback平装本,hardback精装本,outofprint绝版,register/lodgeacomplaintagainst对。
。
。
投诉;takeone’sorder接受点菜,recipe食谱,appetizer开胃品,dissert点心,甜食,snack小吃,seafood海鲜,cocktail鸡尾酒,specialty特色菜,menu菜单,tableware餐具,papernapkin餐巾纸,workupanappetite促进食欲,receptiondesk接待处servicecounter服务台,lounge休息厅,attendant宾馆服务员checkin(在旅馆、机场等)登记、报到,checkout(从旅馆、商店等)结账离开;办妥手续离去,grabasnack,赶着吃点点心,Thisismytreat.这次我请。
d)其它:
gasstation加油站,garage路边加油站;修车厂,pullin:
enterastation,agasstation驶进车站、加油站giveonearide让人搭车,gettiedup/heldup/delayedintraffic,遭交通堵塞,giveaticket发交通违章通知单或罚款单,giveaseven-daynotice提前7天的预先通知,joboffer工作机会,resignone’sjob/post辞去工作/职务fire开除layoff解雇,免职,开除getaraise加工资,get/takesometimeoff抽出时间,newsletter定期短报,bulletinboard布告栏,editorialsection社论版,help-wantedsection招聘版,sportsection体育版,theclassifiedadvertisement分类广告,bookreview书评;hangup(onone)挂断(…的)电话,hangon(电话)不挂断getcutoff电话断线;fitnesscenter健身中心,stay/keepfit,keepinshape保持健康;inexcellentphysicalcondition良好的身体状况,befitasafiddle非常健康,精神很好,roller-skating溜旱冰,hiking远足,gym健身房,jog慢跑;treasurer财政部长,管钱的,cashier出纳员,收支员,plumber管道工,tailor裁缝,physician内科医生,surgeon外科医生,tourguide导游,busconductor汽车售票员,等等。
生活中的对话方方面面,举不胜举,有待大家注意并牢记在各种语境中的典型词语。
直觉反应口语化短语
后者完全赞同前者:
Icouldn’tagreewithyoumore.Yousaidit!
I’llsay!
Youcansaythatagain!
Youbet.对了,正是如此!
我同意。
对!
你说对了!
e.g.W:
Ican’tbelievevacationisalmostover,itwentsofast.M:
Yousaidit!
(Hemeansthevacationpassedquicklyforhimtoo.)M:
Thefootballteamseemstohavelostalotofgamesrecently.W:
Youcansaythatagain!
(Shemeanstheteamhascertainlydonepoorly.)
Forget(about)it.不必在意,别提它了,别想了!
想都不要想!
e.g.M:
DoyouknowanythingaboutProfessorSimpson’scourse?
W:
Ifyouarelookingforaneasycourse,forgetit!
!
ProfessorSimpsonwritethetrickiestquestionsinthedepartment.(i.e.ProfessorSimpsongavehardtest.)
Notmuch,Idon’t/wouldn’t/won’t不(介意,感兴趣…)才怪呢e.g.M:
Youdon’tcareifweskiplunch,doyou?
W:
Notmuch,Idon’t.(Shemeansshe’shungry.)W:
Iheardthunderlatelastnight,butIdon’tthinkitrained.M:
Notmuch,itdidn’t!
(Themanmeansitrainedagreatdeal!
)还不怎么下(才怪呢)!
(雨大着呢!
)
Whybother?
干嘛费事?
;Don’tbother.别费事了.e.g.M:
IthinkI’llwashmycarthisafternoon.W:
Whybother?
Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.(Sheimpliesthattheweatherisunsuitableforwashingthecar.)W:
Ileftmyraincoatinmyroom.WaitwhileIgobacktogetit.M:
Don’tbother.Theweatherreportsaiditwouldclearupbynoon.(Hetellsthewomannottoworryabouttheraincoat.)
Howcome?
为什么e.g.Howcomeyoumissedthebusthismorning?
(Howdidyouhappentomissthebus?
)M:
Watchingfishinanaquariumissupposedtohaveasoothingeffectonpeople.W:
Howcome?
(Thewomanwantstoknowwhyfishaffectpeoplethatway.)
getnowhere无进展;不能成功e.g.getnowherewithone’sjob工作一无所成;getabsolutelynowherewiththeproblem对这个问题一筹莫展)
makeit及时赶上;办成,做到e.g.Ican’tbelieveIoverslept.I’mluckyImadeittothebreakfastmeetingtime.Itwasatoughstruggletoreachthesummit,butintheendtheymadeit.It’sabeautifulnight.Let’strytogetthereonfoot.Andifwedon’tmakeit,let’sjusthavedinnernearthetheatre.
That/It(all)depends.那得看情况e.g.M:
HowlongwillIhavetostayoutofschool?
W:
Thatdepends.Youstillhaveafever.Letmetakeyourpulse.
callitaday:
stoppingworking/playingfortheday今天到此为止,今天收摊了,今天不玩了e.g.M:
We’veworkedlongenoughforaSaturdayafternoon.W:
OK,let’scallitaday.(She’swillingtostopworking.)
Icouldn’tcareless:
don’tcareatall我才不管(理)呢!
e.g.W:
Bill’sspreadingrumorsaboutyou.M:
Icouldn’tcareless.
Comewhatmay不论发生什么e.g.Comewhatmay,we’llpickyouuptomorrowateight.
I’llseewhatIcando.我看看怎么办吧.e.g.W:
Iwonderwhetheryoucanhelpmesortthemout(解决好,弄清楚).M:
I’llseewhatIcando.
Tothink…想想看,以前居然…,现在不了TothinkIoncewantedtobeapsychologist!
(Inolongerwanttobeapsychologist.)TothinkItrustedyou!
(Ishouldneverhavebelievedyou.)
knowtheropes:
learnallthedetails/rules/customs,etc.晓得诀窍;懂行,在行;熟悉风土人情e.g.Youwon’tfindthejobdifficult,onceyougettoknowtheropes.I’vebeentoJapanbeforesoIknowtheropes.
makeapointof:
insiston;makearuleof坚持做某事;总是要做某事;注重e.g.Shemadeapointofarrivingontime.YoumakeapointofforgettingeverythingIhavesaid.
becutoutfor:
suitasifbynature生来适合于e.g.DrHamiltondoesn’tfeelLarryiscutoutforthemedicalprofession.
bethrough/bedone/befinishedwith做完e.g.M:
IjusthavetotypethislastpageandthenI’mthrough.W:
BythenI’llbedonetoo.
hitthenailonthehead:
do/saysomethingexactlyright一针见血e.g.M:
Ithinkthereasonyoudidn’tapplywasyouwereafraidofbeingrejected.W:
Ithinkyou’vehitthenailonthehead.
Howonearth/Whereintheworld…?
到底(用于加强语气)e.g.M:
Aren’tyougoingtoCanadaforyoursummervacation?
W:
Whereintheworlddidyougetthatidea?
(Shemeansthatshewon’tgotoCanada.)M:
I’vedecidedtodosomevolunteerworkdownatthehospital.W:
Howonearthwillyoueverfindtimeforthat?
(Shemeansthemanisalwaysbusy.)
beataround/aboutthebush:
notcometothepoint说话拐弯抹角e.g.M:
DoyoueverknowwhatTonyistalkingabout?
W:
Never,healwaysbeatsaroundthebush.(Hedoesn’tcometothepoint.)
keepaneyeon:
lookafter,supervise照顾,督导e.g.M:
Where’sAnnthisafternoon?
W:
She’sworkingatthecafeteriakeepinganeyeonthenewstudenthelpers.(She’ssupervisingnewemployees.)
aroundtheclock:
dayinanddayout,nightandday连续一整天(或一昼夜);日夜不停地e.g.Weworkedaroundtheclocktomeetthedeadline.我们日夜不停地工作赶在最后期限之前完成。
makeendsmeet使收支相抵;勉强维持生计e.g.W:
DidyouhearthatMichelleturneddownthatjob?
M:
Yeah.Thehourswereconvenient,butshewouldn’thavebeenabletomakeendsmeet.
gooutofone’s(the)way:
makeaspecialeffort特地;不怕麻烦地e.g.M:
Youdon’tcaremuchforballet,doyou?
W:
Well,let’sjustsayIwouldn’tgooutofmywaytoseeit.(Shedoesn’tlikeballetverymuch.)
get/haveone’s(own)way/haveitone’s(own)way为所欲为,随心所欲e.g.M:
Ican’thelpyou,I’mafraid.恐怕我帮不了你的忙.W:
Youmeanyouwon’t.你这是不愿意帮忙。
M:
Haveityourownway.你爱怎么说就怎么说吧。
getoutof:
escapefrom逃避;摆脱e.g.W:
Doyoureallyhavetoworkatthestudentcentertomorrownight?
M:
I’mafraidso.IwishthereweresomewayIcouldgetoutofit.M:
Howcomeyou’renotworkingonthatpresentationanymore?
W:
Oh,Igotoutofhavingtogiveit.(Shewasexcusedfromgivingthe