高二英语构词法讲解加试题绝对精心制作.docx
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高二英语构词法讲解加试题绝对精心制作
英语词汇构词法(Word-formation
英语构词通常包括六种方法:
转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。
1.常见前缀
A.表示否定意义的前缀:
a.dis-,in-,im-,ir-,ne-,n-,un-表示“纯否定”,如:
dishonest,impossible,irregular,neither,never,unable…
b.mis-表示“错误”,如:
mistake,mislead
c.de-,dis-,un-表示“相反动作”,如:
defend(保卫,辩护,disconnect(断开,uncover…
B.表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀:
a.a-表示“在……之上;向……”,如:
aboard,aside…
b.inter-,intel-表示“在……间;相互”,如:
international,interaction(相互作用,干扰…
c.out-表示“在上面;在外部”,如:
outline(外形,outside,outward…
d.trans-表示“跨越”,如:
translate,transform…
e.under-表示“在……下面”,如:
underline,underground,underwater…
f.up-表示“向上;向上面;在上”,如upward,uphold(抬高,支持,赞同,uphill(上坡…
C.表示时间、序列关系的前缀:
a.fore-表示“在前面;先前;前面”,如:
forward(前进,在船头,今后,出现,forecast,…
b.mid-表示“中;中间”,如:
midnight,midsummer…
c.re-表示“再一次”,如:
retell,rewrite,remarry…
D.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀:
a.extra-表示“超越;额外”,如:
extraordinary(特别的,使人惊奇的…
b.over-表示“超过;太”,如:
overdress,oversleep…
c.super-,sur-表示“超过”,如:
superpower,surpass(超越
d.vice-表示“副;次”,如:
vicepresident,vicechairman…
E.表示“整个;完全”的前缀:
a.al-表示“完整;完全”如:
alone,almost…
b.over-表示“完全”,如:
overall,overflow(充满…
F.表示数量关系的前缀:
kilo-表示“千”,如:
kilometer,kilogramme
G.表示特殊意义的前缀:
micro-表示“微”,如:
microscope…
H.表示术语的前缀:
a.bio-表示“生命;生物”,如:
biography(传记,biology…
b.tele-表示“远距离”,如:
television,telephone…
2.常见的后缀
(1名词后缀
A.具有某种职业或动作的人:
a.-an,-ian表示“……地方的人;精通……的人”,如:
American,historian…
b.-ant,-ent表示“……者”,如:
merchant(商人,agent(代理人,servant(仆人,student…
c.-ary表示“从事……的人”,如:
secretary…
d.-eer表示“从事于……的人”,如:
engineer,volunteer…
e.-er表示“从事某种职业的人;某地方的人”,如banker,observer(观察家,遵守者…
f.-ese表示“……国人,……地方的人”,如:
Japanese…
g.-ess表示女性人称名词,如:
actress,hostess,manageress…
h.-ist表示“从事……研究者;信仰……主义者”,如:
pianist,dentist,artist,chemist…
i.-logist表示“……学家;研究者”,如:
biologist…
j.-or表示“……者”,如:
author,doctor,operator…
k.-yer表示“从事……职业者”,如:
lawyer…
B.构成具有抽象含义的名词:
a.-age表示“状态、行为、身份及其结果、总称”,如:
courage,marriage…
b.-ance,-ence表示“性质;状况;行为;过程;总量;程度”,如:
importance,difference…
c.-dom表示“等级,领域,状态”,如:
freedom,kingdom,wisdom.
d.-hood表示“资格;身份;年纪;状态”,如:
childhood,manhood,fatherhood…
e.-ice表示“行为;性质;状态”,如:
notice,justice,service…
f.-ing,表示“动作的过程或结果”,如:
building,writing,learning…
g.-ion,-sion,-tion,表示“行为的过程、结果、状况”,如action,conclusion,destruction(破坏...
h.-ity表示“性质;状态,程度”,如:
reality,ability…
i.-ment表示“状态、过程、手段及其结果”,如:
movement,judgment…
j.-ness表示“性质;状态;程度”,如:
goodness,kindness,friendliness…
k.-or,-our表示“动作;性质;状态”,如:
favor,error…
l.-ship表示“情况;性质;技巧、技能及身份,职业”,如:
hardship,friendship…
m.-th表示“动作;性质;过程;状态”,如:
wealth,truth…
C.带有场所,地方的含义:
a.-age表示“住所;地点”,如:
village,cottage…
b.-ory表示“工作场所;住处”,如:
factory,laboratory…
D.带有学术,科技含义:
-ology表示“……学;……论”,如:
biology,technology…
E.表示人和事物的总和,集合含义:
-hood,如:
neighbourhood…
(2形容词后缀
a.-able,-ible,-al,-ant,-ent,-ing,-ish,-ive,-ory表示“带有……的属性、倾向;和……相关”。
如:
movable,natural,important,excellent,moving,foolish,active,satisfactory…
b.-ish,-like,-ly,-some表示“相象;类似”的含义。
如:
boyish,manlike,fatherly,handsome…
c.-ful,-ous,-ent表示“充分的”。
如:
beautiful,dangerous,violent(剧烈的,热烈的…
d.-en表示“由某种物质形成,制成或生产”,如:
wooden,golden…
e.-ern,-ward表示“方向”,如:
eastern,western,downward,forward…
f.-teen,-ty,-th表示“数量关系”,如:
thirteen,fifty,fourth,fiftieth…
g.-an,-ese,-ish表示“国籍;语种;宗教”,如:
European,Chinese,English…
h.-er,-ish,-est,-most表示“比较;程度”,如:
greater,highest,foremost(最初的,主要的…
i.其他的含义:
-less表示“否定”,如:
stainless(不会脏的,纯洁的,wireless(无限的
(3动词后缀
a.-ize,ise表示“做成;变成;……化”,如:
modernize(使现代化的,organize…
b.-en表示“使成为;引起;使有”,如:
quicken,soften…
c.-fy表示“使……化;使成”,如:
beautify,purify(净化,simplify(简化…
(4副词后缀
a.-ly,如:
possibly,quickly,simply…
b.-ward,-wards,如:
inwards(向内,upward…
练习题
1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.
A.care
B.careful
C.careless
D.carelessness
2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.
A.die
B.dead
C.died
D.death
3.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.
A.encouraged
B.couraged
C.encouragement
D.discouraged
4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.
A.chemistry
B.chemical
C.chemist
D.physician
5.Westoodthere________atthe________sight.
A.frightened;frightful
B.frightening;frightful
C.fright;frightening
D.frightful;fright
6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.
A.lead
B.leader
C.leading
D.leadership
7.Dancaughttwo________birdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestill________inthecage.
A.alive;live
B.live;live
C.live;alive
D.alive;alive
8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.
A.satisfied
B.satisfactory
C.satisfying
D.satisfaction
9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?
—Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.
—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?
A.600words;a600-words
B.600-word;a600-words
C.600words;a600-word
D.600words;a600-words
10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.
A.permit
B.permission
C.permitting
D.permittence
11.Annfeltso________thatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.
A.sleepy
B.asleep
C.sleep
D.sleeping
12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit________.
A.intend
B.intention
C.intentionally
D.intentional
13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.
A.practice
B.practise
C.practical
D.practiced
14.The________orderedhimtopaya$100fine.
A.judger
B.judgment
C.judge
D.judgement
15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?
A.lately
B.latest
C.later
D.latter
16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.
A.longer
B.length
C.long
D.longing
17.Tomy________,Ipassedtheexameasily.
A.joy
B.joyful
C.joyless
D.joyness
18.Canadaismainlyan________country.
A.English-speaking
B.speak-English
C.spoken-English
D.English-spoken
19.How________heis!
Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.
A.foolish;foolishly;fool
B.fool;foolish;fool
C.foolish;fool;fool
D.foolishly;foolish;fool
20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.
A.valuable
B.value
C.valueless
D.unvaluable
21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.
A.indanger
B.danger
C.dangerous
D.dangerless
22.Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.
A.sound
B.silent
C.silence
D.sounded
23.Thechildlookedatme________.
A.stranger
B.strangely
C.strange
D.strangeless
24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.
A.free
B.freely
C.freedom
D.frees
25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.
A.reasonable
B.reasonful
C.reasonless
D.unreason
26.Thedoctorsaidthattheoldman’sconditionwas________andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.
A.hope
B.hoped
C.hopeful
D.hopeless
27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.
A.nearby
B.near
C.nearly
D.nearby
28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy,notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.
A.official;officer;office
B.officer;office;official
C.official;official;official
D.officer;official;office
29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.
A.health
B.healthy
C.healthily
D.healthier
30.________speaking,Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.
A.Honestly
B.Honest
C.Honesty
D.Dishonest
31.Itsoundslikeagoodplan,buttherearesome________difficultiesincarryingitout.
A.practiced
B.practical
C.practice
D.practicing
32.Hisfatherpossessesa________factory,whichdoesmostofthepollutiontothisriver.
A.paper-make
B.paper-making
C.papers-made
D.paper-made
33.Marxlefthishomelandforsome________reasons.
A.politically
B.politics
C.political
D.politician
34.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.
A.possible
B.possibly
C.impossible
D.impossibility