高二英语构词法讲解加试题绝对精心制作.docx

高二英语构词法讲解加试题绝对精心制作.docx

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高二英语构词法讲解加试题绝对精心制作

英语词汇构词法（Word-formation

英语构词通常包括六种方法:

转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。

1.常见前缀

A.表示否定意义的前缀:

a.dis-,in-,im-,ir-,ne-,n-,un-表示“纯否定”,如:

dishonest,impossible,irregular,neither,never,unable…

b.mis-表示“错误”,如:

mistake,mislead

c.de-,dis-,un-表示“相反动作”,如:

defend（保卫,辩护,disconnect（断开,uncover…

B.表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀:

a.a-表示“在……之上;向……”,如:

aboard,aside…

b.inter-,intel-表示“在……间;相互”,如:

international,interaction（相互作用,干扰…

c.out-表示“在上面;在外部”,如:

outline（外形,outside,outward…

d.trans-表示“跨越”,如:

translate,transform…

e.under-表示“在……下面”,如:

underline,underground,underwater…

f.up-表示“向上;向上面;在上”,如upward,uphold（抬高,支持,赞同,uphill（上坡…

C.表示时间、序列关系的前缀:

a.fore-表示“在前面;先前;前面”,如:

forward（前进,在船头,今后,出现,forecast,…

b.mid-表示“中;中间”,如:

midnight,midsummer…

c.re-表示“再一次”,如:

retell,rewrite,remarry…

D.表示比较程度差别关系的前缀:

a.extra-表示“超越;额外”,如:

extraordinary（特别的,使人惊奇的…

b.over-表示“超过;太”,如:

overdress,oversleep…

c.super-,sur-表示“超过”,如:

superpower,surpass（超越

d.vice-表示“副;次”,如:

vicepresident,vicechairman…

E.表示“整个;完全”的前缀:

a.al-表示“完整;完全”如:

alone,almost…

b.over-表示“完全”,如:

overall,overflow（充满…

F.表示数量关系的前缀:

kilo-表示“千”,如:

kilometer,kilogramme

G.表示特殊意义的前缀:

micro-表示“微”,如:

microscope…

H.表示术语的前缀:

a.bio-表示“生命;生物”,如:

biography（传记,biology…

b.tele-表示“远距离”,如:

television,telephone…

2.常见的后缀

（1名词后缀

A.具有某种职业或动作的人:

a.-an,-ian表示“……地方的人;精通……的人”,如:

American,historian…

b.-ant,-ent表示“……者”,如:

merchant（商人,agent（代理人,servant（仆人,student…

c.-ary表示“从事……的人”,如:

secretary…

d.-eer表示“从事于……的人”,如:

engineer,volunteer…

e.-er表示“从事某种职业的人;某地方的人”,如banker,observer（观察家,遵守者…

f.-ese表示“……国人,……地方的人”,如:

Japanese…

g.-ess表示女性人称名词,如:

actress,hostess,manageress…

h.-ist表示“从事……研究者;信仰……主义者”,如:

pianist,dentist,artist,chemist…

i.-logist表示“……学家;研究者”,如:

biologist…

j.-or表示“……者”,如:

author,doctor,operator…

k.-yer表示“从事……职业者”,如:

lawyer…

B.构成具有抽象含义的名词:

a.-age表示“状态、行为、身份及其结果、总称”,如:

courage,marriage…

b.-ance,-ence表示“性质;状况;行为;过程;总量;程度”,如:

importance,difference…

c.-dom表示“等级,领域,状态”,如:

freedom,kingdom,wisdom.

d.-hood表示“资格;身份;年纪;状态”,如:

childhood,manhood,fatherhood…

e.-ice表示“行为;性质;状态”,如:

notice,justice,service…

f.-ing,表示“动作的过程或结果”,如:

building,writing,learning…

g.-ion,-sion,-tion,表示“行为的过程、结果、状况”,如action,conclusion,destruction（破坏...

h.-ity表示“性质;状态,程度”,如:

reality,ability…

i.-ment表示“状态、过程、手段及其结果”,如:

movement,judgment…

j.-ness表示“性质;状态;程度”,如:

goodness,kindness,friendliness…

k.-or,-our表示“动作;性质;状态”,如:

favor,error…

l.-ship表示“情况;性质;技巧、技能及身份,职业”,如:

hardship,friendship…

m.-th表示“动作;性质;过程;状态”,如:

wealth,truth…

C.带有场所,地方的含义:

a.-age表示“住所;地点”,如:

village,cottage…

b.-ory表示“工作场所;住处”,如:

factory,laboratory…

D.带有学术,科技含义:

-ology表示“……学;……论”,如:

biology,technology…

E.表示人和事物的总和,集合含义:

-hood,如:

neighbourhood…

（2形容词后缀

a.-able,-ible,-al,-ant,-ent,-ing,-ish,-ive,-ory表示“带有……的属性、倾向;和……相关”。

如:

movable,natural,important,excellent,moving,foolish,active,satisfactory…

b.-ish,-like,-ly,-some表示“相象;类似”的含义。

如:

boyish,manlike,fatherly,handsome…

c.-ful,-ous,-ent表示“充分的”。

如:

beautiful,dangerous,violent（剧烈的,热烈的…

d.-en表示“由某种物质形成,制成或生产”,如:

wooden,golden…

e.-ern,-ward表示“方向”,如:

eastern,western,downward,forward…

f.-teen,-ty,-th表示“数量关系”,如:

thirteen,fifty,fourth,fiftieth…

g.-an,-ese,-ish表示“国籍;语种;宗教”,如:

European,Chinese,English…

h.-er,-ish,-est,-most表示“比较;程度”,如:

greater,highest,foremost（最初的,主要的…

i.其他的含义:

-less表示“否定”,如:

stainless（不会脏的,纯洁的,wireless（无限的

（3动词后缀

a.-ize,ise表示“做成;变成;……化”,如:

modernize（使现代化的,organize…

b.-en表示“使成为;引起;使有”,如:

quicken,soften…

c.-fy表示“使……化;使成”,如:

beautify,purify（净化,simplify（简化…

（4副词后缀

a.-ly,如:

possibly,quickly,simply…

b.-ward,-wards,如:

inwards（向内,upward…

练习题

1.Thatmanwas________enoughnottotellthemanagerthathewouldnotdothejob.

A.care

B.careful

C.careless

D.carelessness

2.Thesoldierdiedforsavingthechild,sohis________isheavierthanMountTai.

A.die

B.dead

C.died

D.death

3.Thedoctor’sadvice________himfromdrinkingandsmoking.

A.encouraged

B.couraged

C.encouragement

D.discouraged

4.Heisanexpertatchemistry.Weallcallhima________.

A.chemistry

B.chemical

C.chemist

D.physician

5.Westoodthere________atthe________sight.

A.frightened;frightful

B.frightening;frightful

C.fright;frightening

D.frightful;fright

6.Stephensonbecamethe________railwayengineerintheworld.

A.lead

B.leader

C.leading

D.leadership

7.Dancaughttwo________birdsinthewoodlastweekandtheyarestill________inthecage.

A.alive;live

B.live;live

C.live;alive

D.alive;alive

8.Toeveryone’s________,thegirlfinishedthejobquitewell.

A.satisfied

B.satisfactory

C.satisfying

D.satisfaction

9.—Whatareyoudoinghere?

—Oh,myteacheraskedmetowriteapassageabout________inEnglish.

—Youcanwrite________passageinEnglish?

A.600words;a600-words

B.600-word;a600-words

C.600words;a600-word

D.600words;a600-words

10.Nooneshouldenterthespotwithoutthe________ofthepolice.

A.permit

B.permission

C.permitting

D.permittence

11.Annfeltso________thatshecouldhardlyopenhereyes.

A.sleepy

B.asleep

C.sleep

D.sleeping

12.Lettingthatanimalescapewasnoaccident;youdidit________.

A.intend

B.intention

C.intentionally

D.intentional

13.Theshopownerwelcomedalltheguestswitha________smile.

A.practice

B.practise

C.practical

D.practiced

14.The________orderedhimtopaya$100fine.

A.judger

B.judgment

C.judge

D.judgement

15.MyTVisoutoforder.Canyoutellmewhatisthe________newsaboutIraqWar?

A.lately

B.latest

C.later

D.latter

16.TheGreatWallismorethan6000liin________.

A.longer

B.length

C.long

D.longing

17.Tomy________,Ipassedtheexameasily.

A.joy

B.joyful

C.joyless

D.joyness

18.Canadaismainlyan________country.

A.English-speaking

B.speak-English

C.spoken-English

D.English-spoken

19.How________heis!

Heisalwaysacting________.Heisreallya________.

A.foolish;foolishly;fool

B.fool;foolish;fool

C.foolish;fool;fool

D.foolishly;foolish;fool

20.Thenecklacethatshelostisveryexpensive.It’sofgreat________.

A.valuable

B.value

C.valueless

D.unvaluable

21.Therewere________fishintheriverinSouthAmerica.

A.indanger

B.danger

C.dangerous

D.dangerless

22.Theletter“b”intheword“doubt”is________.

A.sound

B.silent

C.silence

D.sounded

23.Thechildlookedatme________.

A.stranger

B.strangely

C.strange

D.strangeless

24.Theblackpeoplewereagainstslaveryandfoughtfortheir________bravely.

A.free

B.freely

C.freedom

D.frees

25.Whatyousaidsounded________butinfactitwasuntrue.

A.reasonable

B.reasonful

C.reasonless

D.unreason

26.Thedoctorsaidthattheoldman’sconditionwas________andthattheyhadtriedtheirbest.

A.hope

B.hoped

C.hopeful

D.hopeless

27.Thechildrenliveinavillage________.Theycomeherealmosteveryday.

A.nearby

B.near

C.nearly

D.nearby

28.MrBlackisan________inthearmy,notan________inthegovernment.Youcannoteasilyfindhiminhis________.

A.official;officer;office

B.officer;office;official

C.official;official;official

D.officer;official;office

29.You’dbettergiveupsmokingifyouwanttokeep________.

A.health

B.healthy

C.healthily

D.healthier

30.________speaking,Ididn’tdoitonpurpose.

A.Honestly

B.Honest

C.Honesty

D.Dishonest

31.Itsoundslikeagoodplan,buttherearesome________difficultiesincarryingitout.

A.practiced

B.practical

C.practice

D.practicing

32.Hisfatherpossessesa________factory,whichdoesmostofthepollutiontothisriver.

A.paper-make

B.paper-making

C.papers-made

D.paper-made

33.Marxlefthishomelandforsome________reasons.

A.politically

B.politics

C.political

D.politician

34.It’s________topersuadehimtogiveupsmoking.He’sverystubborn.

A.possible

B.possibly

C.impossible

D.impossibility