高二英语构词法讲解加试题绝对精心制作.docx

1、高二英语构词法讲解加试题绝对精心制作英语词汇构词法(Word-formation英语构词通常包括六种方法:转化法、派生法、合成法、混合法、截短法和首尾字母结合法。1. 常见前缀A. 表示否定意义的前缀:a. dis-, in-, im-, ir-, ne-, n-, un- 表示“纯否定”,如:dishonest, impossible, irregular, neither, never, unable b. mis- 表示“错误”,如:mistake, misleadc. de-, dis-, un- 表示“相反动作”,如:defend(保卫,辩护, disconnect (断开,unco

2、ver B. 表示空间位置、方向关系的前缀:a. a- 表示“在之上;向”,如:aboard, aside b. inter-,intel- 表示“在间;相互”,如:international, interaction(相互作用,干扰c. out- 表示“在上面;在外部”,如:outline (外形,outside, outwardd. trans- 表示“跨越”,如:translate, transforme. under- 表示“在下面”,如:underline, underground, underwaterf. up- 表示“向上;向上面;在上”,如upward, uphold(抬高,

3、支持,赞同, uphill (上坡C. 表示时间、序列关系的前缀:a. fore- 表示“在前面;先前;前面”,如:forward(前进,在船头,今后,出现, forecast,b. mid- 表示“中;中间”,如:midnight, midsummer c. re- 表示“再一次”,如:retell, rewrite, remarry D. 表示比较程度差别关系的前缀:a. extra- 表示“超越;额外”,如:extraordinary(特别的,使人惊奇的b. over- 表示“超过;太”,如:overdress, oversleep c. super-, sur- 表示“超过”,如:su

4、perpower, surpass (超越d. vice- 表示“副;次”,如:vicepresident, vicechairmanE. 表示“整个;完全”的前缀:a. al- 表示“完整;完全”如:alone, almostb. over- 表示“完全”,如:overall, overflow (充满F. 表示数量关系的前缀:kilo- 表示“千”,如:kilometer, kilogrammeG. 表示特殊意义的前缀:micro- 表示“微”,如:microscopeH. 表示术语的前缀:a. bio- 表示“生命;生物”,如:biography (传记,biology b. tele-

5、 表示“远距离”,如:television, telephone 2. 常见的后缀(1 名词后缀A. 具有某种职业或动作的人:a. -an, -ian 表示“地方的人;精通的人”,如:American, historianb. -ant, -ent 表示“者”,如:merchant (商人,agent(代理人, servant(仆人, student c. -ary 表示“从事的人”,如:secretary d. -eer 表示“从事于的人”,如:engineer, volunteer e. -er 表示“从事某种职业的人;某地方的人”,如banker, observer(观察家,遵守者f.

6、-ese 表示“国人,地方的人”,如:Japaneseg. -ess 表示女性人称名词,如:actress, hostess, manageress h. -ist 表示“从事研究者;信仰主义者”,如:pianist, dentist, artist, chemist i. -logist 表示“学家;研究者”,如:biologistj. -or 表示“者”,如:author, doctor, operator k. -yer 表示“从事职业者”,如:lawyer B. 构成具有抽象含义的名词:a. -age 表示“状态、行为、身份及其结果、总称”,如:courage, marriageb.

7、-ance, -ence 表示“性质;状况;行为;过程;总量;程度”,如:importance, difference c. -dom 表示“等级,领域,状态”,如:freedom, kingdom, wisdom.d. -hood 表示“资格;身份;年纪;状态”,如:childhood, manhood, fatherhood e. -ice 表示“行为;性质;状态”,如:notice, justice, servicef. -ing ,表示“动作的过程或结果”,如:building, writing, learningg. -ion, - sion, -tion,表示“行为的过程、结果、状

8、况”,如action, conclusion, destruction(破坏.h. -ity 表示“性质;状态,程度”,如:reality, abilityi. -ment 表示“状态、过程、手段及其结果”,如:movement, judgmentj. -ness 表示“性质;状态;程度”,如:goodness, kindness, friendlinessk. -or, -our 表示“动作;性质;状态”,如:favor, errorl. -ship 表示“情况;性质;技巧、技能及身份,职业”,如:hardship, friendshipm. -th 表示“动作;性质;过程;状态”,如:we

9、alth, truthC. 带有场所,地方的含义:a. -age 表示“住所;地点”,如:village, cottageb. -ory 表示“工作场所;住处”,如:factory, laboratoryD. 带有学术,科技含义:-ology 表示“学;论”,如:biology, technologyE. 表示人和事物的总和,集合含义:-hood ,如:neighbourhood(2 形容词后缀a. -able, -ible, -al, -ant, -ent, -ing, -ish, -ive, -ory 表示“带有的属性、倾向;和相关”。如:movable, natural, importa

10、nt, excellent, moving, foolish, active, satisfactoryb. -ish, -like, -ly, -some 表示“相象;类似”的含义。如:boyish, manlike, fatherly, handsomec. -ful, -ous, -ent 表示“充分的”。如:beautiful, dangerous, violent(剧烈的,热烈的d. -en 表示“由某种物质形成,制成或生产”,如:wooden, golden e. -ern, -ward 表示“方向”,如:eastern, western, downward, forward f.

11、 -teen, -ty, -th 表示“数量关系”,如:thirteen, fifty, fourth, fiftiethg. -an, -ese, -ish 表示“国籍;语种;宗教”,如:European, Chinese, Englishh. -er, -ish, -est, -most 表示“比较;程度”,如:greater , highest, foremost(最初的,主要的i. 其他的含义:-less 表示“否定”,如:stainless(不会脏的,纯洁的, wireless(无限的(3 动词后缀a. -ize, ise 表示“做成;变成;化”,如:modernize(使现代化的,

12、 organizeb. -en 表示“使成为;引起;使有”,如:quicken, softenc. -fy 表示“使化;使成”,如:beautify, purify (净化,simplify (简化(4 副词后缀a. -ly ,如:possibly, quickly, simply b. -ward, -wards, 如:inwards (向内,upward练习题1.That man was_enough not to tell the manager that he would not do the job.A.careB.carefulC.carelessD.carelessness2.T

13、he soldier died for saving the child,so his_ is heavier than Mount Tai.A.dieB.deadC.diedD.death3. The doctors advice_him from drinkin g and smoking.A.encouragedB.couragedC.encouragementD.discouraged4.He is an expert at chemistry.We all call him a _.A.chemistryB.chemicalC.chemistD.physician5. We stoo

14、d there_at the_sight.A.frightened;frightfulB.frightening;frightfulC.fright;frighteningD.frightful;fright6.Stephenson became the_railway engineer in the world.A.leadB.leaderC.leadingD.leadership7. Dan caught two_birds in the wood last week and they are still_in the cage.A.alive;liveB.live;liveC.live;

15、aliveD.alive;alive8.To everyones _,the girl finished the job quite well.A.satisfiedB.satisfactoryC.satisfyingD.satisfaction9.What are you doing here?Oh,my teacher asked me to write a passage about _in English.You can write_passage in English?A.600 words;a 600-wordsB.600-word;a 600-wordsC.600 words;a

16、 600-wordD.600 words;a 600-words10.No one should enter the spot without the_of the police.A.permitB.permissionC.permittingD.permittence11. Ann felt so_that she could hardly open her eyes.A.sleepyB.asleepC.sleepD.sleeping12.Letting that animal escape was no accident;you did it _.A.intendB.intentionC.

17、intentionallyD.intentional13.The shop owner welcomed all the guests with a_smile.A.practiceB.practiseC.practicalD.practiced14.The_ordered him to pay a $100 fine.A.judgerB.judgmentC.judgeD.judgement15.My TV is out of order.Can you tell me what is the_news about Iraq War?A.latelyB.latestC.laterD.latte

18、r16.The Great Wall is more than 6000liin _.A.longerB.lengthC.longD.longing17.To my _,I passed the exam easily.A.joyB.joyfulC.joylessD.joyness18.Canada is mainly an_country.A.English-speakingB.speak-EnglishC.spoken-EnglishD.English-spoken19.How_ he is! He is always acting_.He is really a _.A.foolish;

19、foolishly;foolB.fool;foolish;foolC.foolish;fool;foolD.foolishly;foolish;fool20.The necklace that she lost is very expensive.Its of great _.A.valuableB.valueC.valuelessD.unvaluable21.There were_fish in the river in South America.A.in dangerB.dangerC.dangerousD.dangerless22.The letter“b”in the word“do

20、ubt”is_.A.soundB.silentC.silenceD.sounded23.The child looked at me_.A.strangerB.strangelyC.strangeD.strangeless24.The black people were against slavery and fought for their_bravely.A.freeB.freelyC.freedomD.frees25.What you said sounded_ but in fact it was untrue.A.reasonableB.reasonfulC.reasonlessD.

21、unreason26. The doctor said that the old mans condition was_and that they had tried their best.A.hopeB.hopedC.hopefulD.hopeless27.The children live in a village _.They come here almost every day.A.nearbyB.nearC.nearlyD.near by28.Mr Black is an _in the army,not an_in the government.You can not easily

22、 find him in his_.A.official;officer;officeB.officer;office;officialC.official;official;officialD.officer;official;office29.Youd bet ter give up smoking if you want to keep _.A.healthB.healthyC.healthilyD.healthier30._ speaking,I didnt do it on purpose.A.HonestlyB.HonestC.HonestyD.Dishonest31.It sou

23、nds like a good plan,but there are some_difficulties in carrying it out.A.practicedB.practicalC.practiceD.practicing32.His father possesses a_factory,which does most of the pollution to this river.A.paper-makeB.paper-makingC.papers-madeD.paper-made33.Marx left his homeland for some_reasons.A.politicallyB.politicsC.politicalD.politician34.Its_to persuade him to give up smoking. Hes very stubborn.A.possibleB.possiblyC.impossibleD.impossibility