托福阅读十大题型解题方法.pptx

托福阅读十大题型解题方法.pptx

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TOEFLREADINGFinal十大题型解题方法,认识托福阅读考什么？

托福阅读考试简介,四项中的第一项，一般考3篇文章（如果加试，则是4篇）。

文章一般为议论文或说明文，每篇700词左右，之后有13-14道题目。

除特殊说明（如最后一大题）之外，所有题目小分值为1分，三篇总体小分值45分，最终成绩按照30分标准分换算，换算标准如下图所示。

认识托福阅读怎么考？

词汇句子理解句间关系文章结构托福阅读是以句子为核心的考试（单词+句法）,词汇题指代题事实信息题（细节题）否定事实信息题（选非题）句子简化题推断题修辞目的题（作者意图题）句子插入题文章小结题/图表题,考查重点,十大题型,词汇题,出题方式Theword“X”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto考查关键理解单词在语境中的含义词汇量要求8000+背单词！

词汇题做法,背单词！

不会背背了忘，忘了背，循环往复在文章里，它认得我，我不认得它,词根词缀各种联想（谐音，图像，多个单词编段子）一次大量，多次重复词以类记美剧、电影情景记忆,stresseddesserts,PaleontologistPaleontology,SkeletonSkullFossilfossilizeStrata,DinosaurTrilobiteArthropodJurassicCretaceousCambrian,SedimentSpineInvertebrateCold-bloodedWarm-blooded,PotteryPorcelainCeramicsPotWareVesselSculptureSurfaceGlazePigmentSproutOreKiln,词汇题解题技巧,认识直接选+带回文章确认选不出通过词义褒贬色彩判断+带回文章确认不认识词根词缀回文章找同、反义对应,认识褒义色彩,TPO1-2-1.Theword“championed”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtochangeddebatedcreatedsupported,认识褒义色彩,TPO1-2-1.Theword“championed”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtochangeddebatedcreatedsupported,认识贬义色彩,TPO3-3-10.Theword“pales”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoincreasesproportionallydifferslosessignificanceiscommon,认识贬义色彩,TPO3-3-10.Theword“pales”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoincreasesproportionallydifferslosessignificanceiscommon,词根词缀,TPO1-1-7.Theword“overlie”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtocoverchangeseparatesurround,词根词缀,TPO1-1-7.Theword“overlie”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtocoverchangeseparatesurroundover在上面lie躺着覆盖,同义概念,TPO3-3-1.Theword“particular”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtonaturalfinalspecificcomplexandtheirparticularstructuredependsonthespecifichistoryofthearea.,同义概念,TPO3-3-1.Theword“particular”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtonaturalfinalspecificcomplexandtheirparticularstructuredependsonthespecifichistoryofthearea.,反义概念,TPO6-3-2.Theword“plausible”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoflexiblebelievabledebatablepredictableAnotherseeminglyplausibleexplanationthatinfantsdonotformenduringmemoriesatthispointindevelopmentalsoisincorrect.,反义概念,TPO6-3-2.Theword“plausible”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningtoflexiblebelievabledebatablepredictableAnotherseeminglyplausibleexplanationthatinfantsdonotformenduringmemoriesatthispointindevelopmentalsoisincorrect.,指代题,出题方式Theword“X”inthepassagerefersto考查关键单词间的指代关系，尤其是代词与其指代本体间的关系，（对长难句主干的把握）应对技巧往前找，两个一致数量单、复数性质动作发出者的特性,非代词,TPO1-1-5.Thephrase“glacialoutwash”inthepassagereferstofastriversglaciersthehugevolumesofwatercreatedbyglacialmeltingtheparticlescarriedinwaterfrommeltingglaciersThewaterwasalwaysladenwithpebbles,gravel,andsand,knownasglacialoutwash,thatdeposited-particlessandgrainsandtinypebbles,非代词,TPO1-1-5.Thephrase“glacialoutwash”inthepassagereferstofastriversglaciersthehugevolumesofwatercreatedbyglacialmeltingtheparticlescarriedinwaterfrommeltingglaciers-Thewaterwasalwaysladenwithpebbles,gravel,andsand,knownasglacialoutwash-particlessandgrainsandtinypebbles,代词,TPO1-2-5.Theword“this”inthepassagereferstotheactingoutofritesthedivorceofritualperformersfromtherestofsocietytheseparationofmythsfromritesthecelebrationofsupernaturalforcesButthemythsthathavegrownuparoundtheritesmaycontinueaspartofthegroupsoraltraditionandmayevencometobeactedoutunderconditionsdivorcedfromtheserites.Whenthisoccurs,代词,TPO1-2-5.Theword“this”inthepassagereferstotheactingoutofritesthedivorceofritualperformersfromtherestofsocietytheseparationofmythsfromritesthecelebrationofsupernaturalforcesButthemythsthathavegrownuparoundtheritesmaycontinueaspartofthegroupsoraltraditionandmayevencometobeactedoutunderconditionsdivorcedfromtheserites.Whenthisoccurs,细节题,出题方式Accordingtotheparagraph,whichofthefollowingistrueofX?

TheauthorsdescriptionofXmentionswhichofthefollowing?

Accordingtotheparagraph,XoccursbecauseAccordingtotheparagraph,XdidYbecauseAccordingtotheparagraph,whydidXdoY?

变数最多的题型，只要题干没有其他题型的明显标志就可以归为细节题True，原因，关系,细节题,考查关键迅速找到原文明确指出的事实信息准确判断选项对信息的转化常见错误选项特征无中生有信息杂糅直接相反答非所问,做题技巧准确理解题干根据题干中的关键词定位原文读取原文相关信息（通常1-2句话）判断选项正误题干原文选项,Example1.,TPO3-3-6.Accordingtoparagraph4,whichofthefollowingistrueofclimaxcommunities?

Theyaremoreresilientthanpioneercommunities.Theycanbeconsideredboththemostandtheleaststablecommunities.Theyarestablebecausetheyrecoverquicklyaftermajordisturbances.Theyarethemostresilientcommunitiesbecausetheychangetheleastovertime.,Paragraph4:

Thequestionofecosystemstabilityiscomplicated,however.Thefirstproblemisthatecologistsdonotallagreewhat“stability”means.Stabilitycanbedefinedassimplylackofchange.Inthatcase,theclimaxcommunitywouldbeconsideredthemoststable,since,bydefinition,itchangestheleastovertime.Alternatively,stabilitycanbedefinedasthespeedwithwhichanecosystemreturnstoaparticularformfollowingamajordisturbance,suchasafire.Thiskindofstabilityisalsocalledresilience.Inthatcase,climaxcommunitieswouldbethemostfragileandtheleaststable,sincetheycanrequirehundredsofyearstoreturntotheclimaxstate.,Example1.定位CC,Example1.读懂原文,Inthatcase,theclimaxcommunitywouldbeconsideredthemoststableInthatcase,climaxcommunitieswouldbethemostfragileandtheleaststable,Example1.选出答案,Theyaremoreresilientthanpioneercommunities.（信息杂糅）Theycanbeconsideredboththemostandtheleaststablecommunities.Theyarestablebecausetheyrecoverquicklyaftermajordisturbances.（直接相反）Theyarethemostresilientcommunitiesbecausetheychangetheleastovertime.（直接相反）,Example2.,TPO8-2-1.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthewinterswereverycold.followingistrueoftheLateCretaceousclimate?

SummerswereverywarmandShallowseasonthecontinentscausedfrequenttemperaturechanges.Theclimatewasverysimilartotodaysclimate.Theclimatedidnotchangedramaticallyfromseasontoseason.,Example2.定位LCclimate,Paragraph1:

Paleontologistshavearguedforalongtimethatthedemiseofthedinosaurswascausedbyclimaticalterationsassociatedwithslowchangesinthepositionsofcontinentsandseasresultingfromplatetectonics.OffandonthroughouttheCretaceous（thelastperiodoftheMesozoicera,duringwhichdinosaursflourished）,largeshallowseascoveredextensiveareasofthecontinents.Datafromdiversesources,includinggeochemicalevidencepreservedinseafloorsediments,indicatethattheLateCretaceousclimatewasmilderthantodays.Thedayswerenottoohot,northenightstoocold.Thesummerswerenottoowarm,northewinterstoofrigid.Theshallowseasonthecontinentsprobablybufferedthetemperatureofthenearbyair,keepingitrelativelyconstant.,Example2.读懂原文,theLateCretaceousclimatewasmilderthantodaysmilder更温和,Example2.选出答案,Summerswereverywarmandwinterswereverycold.（直接相反）Shallowseasonthecontinentscausedfrequenttemperaturechanges.（答非所问）Theclimatewasverysimilartotodaysclimate.（信息杂糅）Theclimatedidnotchangedramaticallyfromseasontoseason.didnotchangedramatically=milder,定位&.转化,定位好找原则手比眼快题干中的X有特点的词,转化同意转化侧面转化概括转化,选项,Example3.,TPO9-1-11.Accordingtoparagraph5,themostrecentgeologicresearchprovidessupportforafirstcolonizationofAmericadatingasfarbackas16,000yearsago14,000yearsago12,500yearsago10,000yearsago,Example3.通过选项特征定位,Paragraph5:

Thecoastalhypothesishasgainedincreasingsupportinrecentyearsbecausetheremainsoflargelandanimals,suchascaribouandbrownbears,havebeenfoundinsoutheasternAlaskadatingbetween10,000and12,500yearsago.Thisisthetimeperiodinwhichmostscientistsformerlybelievedtheareatobeinhospitableforhumans.Ithasbeensuggestedthatiftheenvironmentwerecapableofsupportingbreedingpopulationsofbears,therewouldhavebeenenoughfoodresourcestosupporthumans.FladmarkandotherbelievethatthefirsthumancolonizationofAmericaoccurredbyboatalongtheNorthwestCoastduringtheverylateIceAge,possiblyasearlyas14,000yearsago.Themostrecentgeologicevidenceindicatesthatitmayhavebeenpossibleforpeopletocolonizeice-freeregionsalongthecontinentalshelfthatwerestillexposedbythelowersealevelbetween13,000and14,000yearsago.,Example3.,TPO9-1-11.Accordingtoparagraph5,themostrecentgeologicresearchprovidessupportforafirstcolonizationofAmericadatingasfarbackas16,000yearsago14,000yearsago12,500yearsago10,000yearsago,定位原则补充通过选项一致性定位,选非题,与细节题直接相反考查关键迅速找到原文明确指出的事实信息准确判断选项对信息的转化表述正确的三个选项对原文的转化选项特征无中生有信息杂糅直接相反答非所问,选非题,出题方式以NOT和EXCEPT为标志NOTtrue一般直接相反allEXCEPT答非所问，信息杂糅，直接相反NOTmentioned无中生有，信息杂糅,Example4.NOTtrue,TPO3-3-2.Accordingtoparagraph1,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofclimaxcommunities?

Theyoccurattheendofasuccession.Theylastlongerthananyothertypeofcommunity.Thenumbersofplantsinthemandthemixofspeciesdonotchange.Theyremainstableforatleast500yearsatatime.,Example4.根据题干找CC,Paragraph1:

Plantcommunitiesassemblethemselvesflexibly,andtheirparticularstructuredependsonthespecifichistoryofthearea.Ecologistsusetheterm“succession”torefertothechangesthathappeninplantcommunitiesandecosystemsovertime.Thefirstcommunityinasuccessioniscalledapioneercommunity,whilethelong-livedcommunityattheendofsuccessioniscalledaclimaxcommunity.Pioneerandsuccessionalplantcommunitiesaresaidtochangeoverperiodsfrom1to500years.Thesechangesinplantnumbersandthemixofspeciesarecumulative.Climaxcommunitiesthemselveschangebutoverperiodsoftimegreaterthanabout500years.,Example4.NOTtrue,TPO3-3-2.Accordingtoparagrap