优品课件之高考英语难点37讲难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题.docx

优品课件之高考英语难点37讲难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题.docx

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优品课件之高考英语难点37讲难点25依赖语境的词义猜测题

2010年高考英语难点37讲--难点25依赖语境的词义猜测题

2010年高考英语难点37讲--难点25依赖语境的词义猜测题猜测词义题要求学生根据以往所学知识，对上下文的理解及自身的生活经验等猜测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义，是阅读理解题中的难点。

●难点磁场1.（）MentalhealthcareinChinahasdramaticallyimprovedoverthelast10years,accordingtoexperts.IncreasingnumbersofurbanChinesearetodayseekingcounsellingonawiderangeofissuesrelatedtomentalhealth.“Wereceivemorethan120visitorsadayrightnow―20percentupoverthatof1998,”saidZhangHaiyin,chiefdoctorwiththeShanghaiMentalHealthCentre.Tenyearsago,thecentrereceived70to80visitorsaweek.Toaccommodatethegrowingnumberofpatients,theclinichashadtoextenditsservicefromfivedaystosevendaysaweek.Mostofthecounsellingfocusesonproblemstodowitheducation,employment,familylife,relationshipsaswellasmentaldistress,troubleandinsomnia.White-collarworkersarethemajorrecipientsofcounselling,accountingfor30percentoftotalpatients,saidZhang.“ThegrowingvisitsindicateChinesepeoplepaymoreattentiontotheirqualityoflife.Theyhaveabetterunderstandingthatmentalhealthisasimprotantasphysicalwell-being.”ChenZhigang,anemployeeofaforeign-fundedconsultingfirminBeijing,feltdepressedandwasencouragedbyfriendstoseekmentalhealthcounselling.Thedoctorfoundhewassufferingasaresultofworkplacepressureandcompetition.Afterseveralmonthsoftreatment,hewasbacktofullhealth.“Mentalhealthcounsellinghelpedreducemypressure,”saidChen.Butmanypeoplearestillreluctanttousecounsellingservices.ZhuChengyi,arailwayworkerfromShanghai,isunwillingtoseekhelp.“Iwillnotgoforit.Itistooembarrassingforme,”saidZhu.“HowcanItellmycolleaguesandfamilythatIamseekingmentalhealthcounselling?

TheywouldthinkIwascrazy.”ZhangsaidalackofinformationaboutmentalhealthcarepreventedthegrownofservicesinChina.Hesaidastandardizedtrainingsystemwasrequiredtomakesureallmentalhealthdoctorswereproperlytrained.“InWesterncountries,mentalhealthcounsellinghasawiderangeofmethodsforconsultationandtreatment.Weneedtoimproveourtrainingtoupgradeourservices.”Question:

1.Theunderlinedword“extend”inParagraph4means________.A.payattentiontoB.feellikedoingC.enlargeandlengthenD.reduce2.（）ProfessorReasonrecentlypersuaded35peopletokeepadiaryofalltheirabsent-mindedactionsfortwoweeks.Whenhecametoanalysetheirembarrassingerrors,hewassurprisedtofindthatnearlyallofthemfellintoafewgroups.Oneofthewomen,forinstance,onleavingherhouseforworkonemorningthrewherpetdogcerear-ringsandtriedtofixadogbiscuitonhercar.“Theexplanationforthisisthatthebrainislikeacomputer,”explainstheprofessor.“Peopleprogrammethemselvestodocertainactivitiesregularly.Itwasthewoman’scustomeverymorningtothrowherdogtwobiscuitsandthenputonherear-rings.Butsomehowtheactiongotreversed（颠倒）intheprogramme.”Aboutoneintwentyoftheincidentsthevolunteersreportedwerethese“Programmeassemblyfailure.”Twentypercentofallerrorswere“testfailures”―primarilyduetonotverifyingtheprogressofwhatabodywasdoing.Amanabouttogethiscaroutofthegaragepassedthroughthebackyardwherehisgardenjacketandbootswerekept,putthemon―muchtohissurprise.Awomanvictimreported:

“Igotintothebathwithmysockson.”Thecommonestproblemwasinformation“storagefailures”.Peopleforgotthenamesofpeoplewhosefacestheyknew,wentintoaroomandforgotwhytheywerethere,mislaidsomething,orsmokedacigarettewithoutrealizingit.Theresearchsofarsuggeststhatwhilethe“centralprocessor”ofthebrainisliberatedfromsecond-to-secondcontrolofawell-practisedroutine,itmustrepeatedlyswitchbackitsattentionatimportantdecisionpointstocheckthattheactiongoesonasintended.Otherwisetheactivitymaybe“captured”byanotherfrequentlyandrecentlyusedprogramme,resultinginembarrassingerrors.Questions:

2.Theword“verifying”inParagraph3canbereplacedby________.A.improvingB.changingC.checkingD.stopping3.Accordingtothepassage,theinformation“storagefailures”referto________.A.thedestructionofinformationcollectingsystemB.theeliminationofone’stotalmemoryC.thetemporarylossofpartofone’smemoryD.theseparationofone’sactionfromconsciousness3.（）OneofthegreatestkillersintheWesternworldisheartdisease.Thedeathrate（率）fromthediseasehasbeenincreasingatanalarmingspeedforthepastthirtyyears.TodayinBritain,forexample,aboutfourhundredpeopleadaydieofheartdisease.Medicalexpertsknowthatpeoplecanreducetheirchancesofgettingheartdiseasebyexercisingregularly,bynotsmoking,bychangingtheirdiets,andbypayingmoreattentiontoreducingstress（压力）intheirwork.However,Westernhealth-caresystemsarestillnotpayingenoughattentiontothepreventionofthedisease.Thereisaneedformoreprogramstoeducatethepublicaboutthecausesandpreventionofheartdisease.Insteadofsupportingsuchprograms,however,theU.S.health-caresystemisspendinglargesumsofmoneyonthesurgical（外科的）treatmentofthediseaseafteritdevelops.Thisemphasis（强调）ontreatmentclearlyhassomethingtodowiththetechnologicaladvancesthathavetakenplaceinthepasttentofifteenyears.Inthistime,moderntechnologyhasenableddoctorstodevelopnewsurgicaltechniques.Manyoperationsthatwereconsideredimpossibleortoorisky（有风险的）afewyearsagoarenowperformedeverydayinU.S.hospitals.Theresulthasbeenahugeincreaseinheartsurgery.Althoughthereisnodoubtthatheartsurgerycanhelpalargenumberofpeople,somepeoplepointoutthattheemphasisonthesurgicaltreatmentofthediseasehasthreecleardisadvantages.First,itattractsinterestandmoneyawayfromthequestionofprevention.Second,itcausesthecostsofgeneralhospitalcaretorise.Afterhospitalsbuytheexpensiveequipmentthatisnecessaryformodernheartsurgery,theymusttrytorecoverthemoneytheyhavespent.Todothis,theyraisecostsforalltheirpatients,notjustthosepatientswhosetreatmentrequirestheequipment.Thethirddisadvantageisthatdoctorsareencouragedtoperformsurgery-evenonpatientsforwhomanoperationisunnecessary―becausetheequipmentandexpertskillsarethere.Agovernmentofficerecentlystatedthatmajorheartsurgerywasoftenperformedeventhoughitschancesofsuccesswerelow.Inonetypeofheartsurgery,forexample,only15percentofpatientimprovedtheirconditionsafterthesurgery.However,morethan100000oftheseoperationsareperformedintheUnitedStateseveryyear.Question:

4.“Todothis”（inParagraph3）means________.A.tohelppatientsrecoverB.toincreasethenumberofheartsurgeriesC.togetbackthemoneyspentontheequipmentD.tobuynewequipmentforthetreatmentofheartdisease4.（）Someofthebest-knownnamesintheentertainmentindustryhavetakenpartinanunprecedentedtelethontohelpvictimsoftheterroristattacksintheUnitedStates.Thebenefit（义演）,called“America:

aTributetoHeroes,”wassponsoredbyallfourmajorU.S.televisionnetworks,ABC,CBS,FOXandNBC.Itwasbroadcastbythree-dozentelevision,cableandradionetworksacrossthecountryandairedlivetomorethanahundredcountriesaroundtheworld.HollywoodstarsjoinedmusicentertainersinaskinglistenersandviewerstopledgecashdonationstocharitieshelpingthevictimsoftheSeptember11thattacks.Actors,includingTomHanks,JuliaRoberts,TomCruiseandClintEastwood,toldstoriesofheroicactsbypeoplewhotriedtosaveothersfromtheburningWorldTradeCenterandthePentagon.FormerheavyweightchampionMuhammadAlimadeararepublicappearanceinashowofsupport.TheappealsalternatedwithperformancesbysuchpopularentertainersasBruceSpringsteen,MariahCarey,StevieWonder,PaulSimonandtherockbandU―2.TheyappearedonstagesinNewYork,LosAngelesandLondon,decoratedwithhundredsofburningcandles.SingerBillyJoelsang“NewYorkStateofMind”withaNewYorkCityfirefighter’shatonhispiano.Stingdedicatedhissong“Fragile”toafriendwhodiedintheWorldTradeCenter.StevieWondercondemnedhatresinthenameofreligionbeforesinginghissong“Love’sinNeedofLoveToday”.Pledgephonesweremannedbydozensofothercelebrities,includingJackNicholson,MegRyan,WhoopieGoldberg,CindyCrawford,AlPacinoandSylvesterStallone.Organizerssaythetwo-hourtelethonraisedmillionsofdollars.Allparticipants,fromstarstostagehands,workedwithoutpay.Question:

5.Theunderlinedword“telethon”mostprobablymeans________.A.aperformancetoraisemoneyB.aconcertheldbysometelevisionnetworksC.atelevisionprogramwhichlastsalongtimeD.atelevisionprogramforentertainment●案例探究1.Achild’sbirthdaypartydoesn’thavetobeahassle;itcanbeabasketoffun,accordingtoBethAnaclerio,anEvastonmotheroftwo,ages4and18months.“Havingapartyathomeusuallyrequiresalotofrunningaroundonthepartoftheparents,andoftenthebirthdayboyorgirlgetslostinwildexcitement.Butitreallydoesn’thavetobethatway,”saidAnaclerio.Lastsummer,AnaclerioandherfriendJillCarlisle,aNorthbrookmotherofa2-year-old,foundedahomeparty-planningbusinesscalled“APartyinaBasket”.Theirgoalistohelpparentsandchildrenshareinthefunpartofpartyplanning,likechoosingthesubjectormakingacake,whiletheytakecareofeverything.Drawingontheirexperiencesasmothers,theyhavecreated（制作）10ready-to-use,homepartypackages.Everythingafamilyneedstoplanaparty,exceptthecakeandicecream,isdeliveredtothehom