优品课件之高考英语难点37讲难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题.docx

1、优品课件之高考英语难点37讲难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题2010年高考英语难点37讲-难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题2010年高考英语难点37讲-难点25 依赖语境的词义猜测题 猜测词义题要求学生根据以往所学知识，对上下文的理解及自身的生活经验等猜测生词意义或仅从字面无法确认其意义的短语的准确含义，是阅读理解题中的难点。 难点磁场 1.()Mental health care in China has dramatically improved over the last 10 years,according to experts. Increasing numbers of urban C

2、hinese are today seeking counselling on a wide range of issues related to mental health. “We receive more than 120 visitors a day right now20 per cent up over that of 1998,”said Zhang Haiyin,chief doctor with the Shanghai Mental Health Centre.Ten years ago,the centre received 70 to 80 visitors a wee

3、k. To accommodate the growing number of patients,the clinic has had to extend its service from five days to seven days a week. Most of the counselling focuses on problems to do with education,employment,family life,relationships as well as mental distress,trouble and insomnia.White-collar workers ar

4、e the major recipients of counselling,accounting for 30 percent of total patients,said Zhang. “The growing visits indicate Chinese people pay more attention to their quality of life.They have a better understanding that mental health is as improtant as physical well-being.” Chen Zhigang,an employee

5、of a foreign-funded consulting firm in Beijing,felt depressed and was encouraged by friends to seek mental health counselling.The doctor found he was suffering as a result of workplace pressure and competition.After several months of treatment,he was back to full health. “Mental health counselling h

6、elped reduce my pressure,”said Chen. But many people are still reluctant to use counselling services.Zhu Chengyi,a railway worker from Shanghai,is unwilling to seek help. “I will not go for it.It is too embarrassing for me,”said Zhu.“How can I tell my colleagues and family that I am seeking mental h

7、ealth counselling?They would think I was crazy.” Zhang said a lack of information about mental health care prevented the grown of services in China. He said a standardized training system was required to make sure all mental health doctors were properly trained. “In Western countries,mental health c

8、ounselling has a wide range of methods for consultation and treatment.We need to improve our training to upgrade our services.” Question:1.The underlined word “extend” in Paragraph 4 means _. A.pay attention to B.feel like doing C.enlarge and lengthen D.reduce 2.()Professor Reason recently persuaded

9、 35 people to keep a diary of all their absent-minded actions for two weeks. When he came to analyse their embarrassing errors, he was surprised to find that nearly all of them fell into a few groups. One of the women, for instance, on leaving her house for work one morning threw her pet dog cer ear

10、-rings and tried to fix a dog biscuit on her car. “The explanation for this is that the brain is like a computer,” explains the professor. “People programme themselves to do certain activities regularly. It was the womans custom every morning to throw her dog two biscuits and then put on her ear-rin

11、gs. But somehow the action got reversed(颠倒) in the programme.” About one in twenty of the incidents the volunteers reported were these“Programme assembly failure.” Twenty per cent of all errors were “test failures”primarily due to not verifying the progress of what a body was doing. A man about to g

12、et his car out of the garage passed through the back yard where his garden jacket and boots were kept, put them onmuch to his surprise. A woman victim reported: “I got into the bath with my socks on.” The commonest problem was information “storage failures”. People forgot the names of people whose f

13、aces they knew, went into a room and forgot why they were there, mislaid something, or smoked a cigarette without realizing it. The research so far suggests that while the “central processor” of the brain is liberated from second-to-second control of a well-practised routine, it must repeatedly swit

14、ch back its attention at important decision points to check that the action goes on as intended. Otherwise the activity may be “captured” by another frequently and recently used programme, resulting in embarrassing errors. Questions:2.The word “verifying” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by _. A.impro

15、ving B.changing C.checking D.stopping 3.According to the passage, the information “storage failures” refer to _. A.the destruction of information collecting system B.the elimination of ones total memory C.the temporary loss of part of ones memory D.the separation of ones action from consciousness 3.

16、()One of the greatest killers in the Western world is heart disease. The death rate (率) from the disease has been increasing at an alarming speed for the past thirty years. Today in Britain, for example, about four hundred people a day die of heart disease. Medical experts know that people can reduc

17、e their chances of getting heart disease by exercising regularly, by not smoking, by changing their diets, and by paying more attention to reducing stress (压力) in their work. However, Western health-care systems are still not paying enough attention to the prevention of the disease. There is a need

18、for more programs to educate the public about the causes and prevention of heart disease. Instead of supporting such programs, however, the U. S. health-care system is spending large sums of money on the surgical (外科的) treatment of the disease after it develops. This emphasis (强调) on treatment clear

19、ly has something to do with the technological advances that have taken place in the past ten to fifteen years. In this time, modern technology has enabled doctors to develop new surgical techniques. Many operations that were considered impossible or too risky (有风险的) a few years ago are now performed

20、 every day in U.S. hospitals. The result has been a huge increase in heart surgery. Although there is no doubt that heart surgery can help a large number of people, some people point out that the emphasis on the surgical treatment of the disease has three clear disadvantages. First, it attracts inte

21、rest and money away from the question of prevention. Second, it causes the costs of general hospital care to rise. After hospitals buy the expensive equipment that is necessary for modern heart surgery, they must try to recover the money they have spent. To do this, they raise costs for all their pa

22、tients, not just those patients whose treatment requires the equipment. The third disadvantage is that doctors are encouraged to perform surgery-even on patients for whom an operation is unnecessarybecause the equipment and expert skills are there. A government office recently stated that major hear

23、t surgery was often performed even though its chances of success were low. In one type of heart surgery, for example, only 15 percent of patient improved their conditions after the surgery. However, more than 100 000 of these operations are performed in the United States every year. Question:4.“To d

24、o this” (in Paragraph 3) means _. A.to help patients recover B.to increase the number of heart surgeries C.to get back the money spent on the equipment D.to buy new equipment for the treatment of heart disease 4.()Some of the best-known names in the entertainment industry have taken part in an unpre

25、cedented telethon to help victims of the terrorist attacks in the United States. The benefit (义演）,called“America:a Tribute to Heroes,”was sponsored by all four major U.S. television networks,ABC,CBS,FOX and NBC.It was broadcast by three-dozen television,cable and radio networks across the country an

26、d aired live to more than a hundred countries around the world. Hollywood stars joined music entertainers in asking listeners and viewers to pledge cash donations to charities helping the victims of the September 11th attacks. Actors,including Tom Hanks,Julia Roberts,Tom Cruise and Clint Eastwood,to

27、ld stories of heroic acts by people who tried to save others from the burning World Trade Center and the Pentagon.Former heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali made a rare public appearance in a show of support. The appeals alternated with performances by such popular entertainers as Bruce Springsteen,Ma

28、riah Carey,Stevie Wonder,Paul Simon and the rock band U2. They appeared on stages in New York,Los Angeles and London,decorated with hundreds of burning candles. Singer Billy Joel sang “New York State of Mind”with a New York City firefighters hat on his piano.Sting dedicated his song “Fragile”to a fr

29、iend who died in the World Trade Center.Stevie Wonder condemned hatres in the name of religion before singing his song “Loves in Need of Love Today”.Pledge phones were manned by dozens of other celebrities,including Jack Nicholson,Meg Ryan,Whoopie Goldberg,Cindy Crawford,Al Pacino and Sylvester Stal

30、lone. Organizers say the two-hour telethon raised millions of dollars.All participants,from stars to stagehands,worked without pay. Question:5.The underlined word “telethon” most probably means _. A.a performance to raise money B.a concert held by some television networks C.a television program whic

31、h lasts a long time D.a television program for entertainment 案例探究 1.A childs birthday party doesnt have to be a hassle;it can be a basket of fun,according to Beth Anaclerio,an Evaston mother of two,ages 4 and 18 months. “Having a party at home usually requires a lot of running around on the part of

32、the parents,and often the birthday boy or girl gets lost in wild excitement.But it really doesnt have to be that way,”said Anaclerio.Last summer,Anaclerio and her friend Jill Carlisle,a Northbrook mother of a 2-year-old,founded a home party-planning business called “A Party in a Basket”.Their goal i

33、s to help parents and children share in the fun part of party planning,like choosing the subject or making a cake,while they take care of everything. Drawing on their experiences as mothers,they have created(制作) 10 ready-to-use,home party packages.Everything a family needs to plan a party,except the cake and ice cream,is delivered to the hom