高考英语易错语法点专题一名词解析版.docx
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高考英语易错语法点专题一名词解析版
2020 高考英语易错语法点专题一名词(解析版)
1. 【2019· 江苏卷 】26.Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension
2. 【2018·江苏】Try to understandwhat’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignmentB. associationC. acquisitionD. assumption
.
3. 【2019·天津卷 】7.We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) ___________on our lives in
many ways.
A. statement
C. impression
B. impact
D. judgment
4.6.
【2018·天津】 The__________ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to
explore the outer space.
A. adviceB. order
C. possibility
D. invitation
5. 【2018·江苏】32. Try to understandwhat’s actually happening instead of acting on the _______ you’ve made.
A. assignment
C. acquisition
B. association
D. assumption
6. 【2018·新课标卷 I·语法填空】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014
that/whichshowed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths
from all67(cause).
7. 【2018·浙江卷 】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese56(dish)
is seen as especially troublesome.
F
8. 【2018·浙江卷 】 Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside
the home and the rise in64(weigh) problems.
9. 【2018·天津】The _______ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to
explore the other space.
A. adviceB. orderC. possibilityD. invitation
10. 【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _____ of rain later tonight.
A. effectB. senseC. changeD.chance
11. 【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time , as late payments may affect your ______.
A. conditionB. incomeC. creditD. status
12. 【2016·江苏】— Can you tell us your______ for happiness and a long life?
— Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipeB. recordC. rangeD. receipt
13.(2018· 全国卷Ⅰ)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 which showed a mere
five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all(cause).
14. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)This switch has decreased(pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs
and made drinking water safer for people.
15. (2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the(introduce) of electricpowered
engines and lifts.
16.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)This trend, which was started by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting
heart disease, has had some unintended side(effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very
thing the medical community was trying to fight.
17. (2017· 全国卷Ⅱ)In 1863 the first underground passenger railway in the world opened in London. It ran for just
under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible
(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and from work.
18(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)The nursery team switches him every few(day) with his sister so that while one is being
bottlefed, the other is with mum—she never suspects.
【语法精讲】
考点解读:
1.给出名词提示词,考查名词的数;
2. 给出其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)的提示词,填写名词
考点一
名词的数
名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。
普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。
可数名词有单数和
复数之分, 不可数名词没有复数形式。
一、可数名词复数的变化规则
1.可数名词复数的规则变化
一般情况下在词尾直接加-s
以-s, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾的名词,在词尾加-es
books, horses, beds, pages
glasses, boxes, brushes, watches (例外:
stomach→stomachs)
以辅音字母+y 结尾的名词,把 y 变为 i 再加
-es;以元音字母+y 结尾的名词,直接加-s
以-o 结尾的名词,常在词尾加-s
以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,常把 f 或 fe 变成 v,
再加-es;少数词尾加-s
2.可数名词复数的不规则变化
cities, countries, factories, boys, toys, holidays
radios, photos, pianos, zoos(例外:
heroes,
tomatoes, potatoes)
half→halves, leaf→leaves, knife→knives(例
外:
roofs, chiefs, gulfs, beliefs, proofs)
单复数同形
词形变化
合成名词
的复数
名词前有
man 或
woman 修饰
deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species
man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet,
mouse→mice
将主体名词变为复数:
passerby→passersby, lookeron→lookerson
无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。
grownup→grownups,
standby→standb ys
man/woman 和中心词都要变为复数形式。
如:
woman doctor→women
doctors,man waiter→men waiters
疑难点
(1)常以复数形式出现的名词:
thanks, congratulations, shoes, trousers, works(著作;工厂), manners(礼貌),
spirits(情绪), instructions(操作说明), directions(用法说明), papers(试卷,文件), times(时代)等。
(2)一些固定短语中的名词只用复数形式,常见的有 take turns to do sth., in high spirits, make friends with,
shake hands with, make preparations for,make both ends with, take pains to do 等。
二、不可数名词
1.常考的不可数名词
一般来说,物质名词和抽象名词是不可数的,因此没有复数形式,一般也不能用 a 或 an 修饰。
通常只用作
不可数的名词有:
milk, music, homework, housework, weather, news, butter, information, bread, advice, progress,
equipment, fun, luggage, luck, work(工作), traffic, furniture, wealth, word(消息), room(空间), man(人类)等。
疑难点:
word 意为“消息”,room 意为“空间”,man 意为“人类”时通常不带任何修饰词。
2.抽象名词的具体化
具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时,可以与不定冠词连用,常考到的有:
抽象名词(不可数)
in surprise 惊讶地
win success 获得成功
win honour 赢得荣誉
failur