综英四复习资料.docx

综英四复习资料.docx

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综英四复习资料

HunanNormalUniversity

Collegeofforeignlanguagestudies

englishdepartment

REVISIONMaterial

SummarizedMaterial

For

ComprehensiveEnglish

Book4

&

OtherArticles

Structuralanalyses,Centralideas&authors’opinions

Unit1：

TheAmbivalenceofAbortion

CLOSEREADING:

TheAmbivalenceofAbortion-LindaBirdFrancke

StructuralAnalysis:

ØPartI（1-2）:

Iwaspregnantagain,butwetriedtorationalizeandagreednottohaveanotherbaby.

ØPartII（3-23）:

IntheWomen’sServices,Iexperiencedtheambivalenceoftheabortion.

ØPartIII（24-26）:

Theabortioninfluencedmylaterlifephysicallyandspiritually.

Centralidea:

ØBytellingherownexperienceofabortionintheWomen’sServiceswithherhusband’scompany,theauthordescribesherambivalenceoftheabortionclearly.

Author’Opinion:

ØTheauthorisapro-choice,butwhileshewasabortingababy,shebecomesambivalent.Ononehand,shestillsupportedabortion;ontheotherhand,shefeltsorrytheabortedbaby

Article:

TheMonster-DeemsTaylor

StructuralAnalysis:

ØPartI（para.1--9）Itdescribesamanwhoseemstohaverolledallkindsofdemeritsintoone,arealmonster.

ØPartII（para.10）It’satransitionalparagraph,clarifyingthismonsterisafamousmusicianbythenameofRichardWagner.

ØPartIII（para.11--13）ItjustifiesallthebehaviorsofRichardWagner.

Centralidea:

Thearticletoldatruththatgoldcan’tbepureandmancan’tbeperfect.Everymanhashisfaults,butifhecandowellinoneaspectoflife,heissuccessful.Andhisfaultswillbeforgivenbyothers.

Author’sOpinion:

Noonecandowellineveryaspect.So,eveniftherearealotofshortagesinthe“monster”,heisstillagreatman.Becausehehasputallhiseffortsintomusicandhismusicwassogreatthatpeoplewouldforgivehimforallthemisdeedsthathehaddoneandthegooddeedsthathefailedtodo.

Unit3:

CapitalPunishment

CLOSEREADING:

Death&Justice:

HowCapitalPunishmentAffirmsLife-EdwardI.Koch

StructuralAnalysis:

ØPartⅠ（1-3）:

Theauthorarguestheimportanceofthedeathpenalty.

ØPartII（Para.4-13）:

Theauthorarguesagainsttheexcusesofthedeathpenaltyopponents.

ØPartIII（Para.14-16）：

Theauthorarguestheethicsandpoliticstowardstheimportanceandsupportofthedeathpenalty.

Centralidea:

Byexaminingtheargumentsmostfrequentlyheardinopposition,theauthormaintainedhisposition,thatis,hesupportedcapitalpunishment.

Author’sOpinion:

ØIt’sthedeathitselftheyconsiderbarbaric,notthemethod.

ØUnitedStateshasabigmurderproblem,soitshouldsupportthedeathpenalty.

ØHumanlifedeservesspecialprotection,andoneofthebestwaystoguaranteethatprotectionistoassurethatconvictedmurdersdonotkillagain.Onlythedeathpenaltycanaccomplishthisend.

ØThedeathpenaltystrengthensthevalueofhumanlife.

ØRightsandresponsibilitiessurrenderedbytheindividualarewhatgivethestateitspowertogovern.

Øwhenweprotectguiltylives,wegiveupinnocentlivesinexchange.

ØAllinall,hesupportedthedeathpenalty.

Article:

AFrenchFourth-CharlesTrueheart

StructuralAnalysis

ØPartI（Para.1-3）:

awayofcelebratinghishomecountry’snationalDay,i.e.theIndependenceDayoftheUnitedStates;

ØPartII（Para.4-9）:

theexpatriatedlifeoftheauthor’schildrenandthecostsaswellasbenefits;

ØPartIII（Para.10-12）:

thecontrastoftheexpatriatedchildhoodbetweentheauthor’schildrenandtheauthorhimself,alongwiththecauseofthedifference–globalization.

Centralidea

Bydescribingtheexpatriatedlifetheyhaveinadifferentcountry,theauthorreiterateshispointthatitisdifficulttomakethechildrenunderstandandidentifythevirtuesoftheirnativeculturewithoutlivinginitandthecauseofthedifferencebetweentheauthor’sexpatriatedchildhoodthehischildren’sisglobalization.

Author’sopinion

Itisdifficult,accordingtotheauthor,tomakethechildrenunderstandandidentifythevirtuesoftheirnativeculturewithoutlivinginit.Accordingly,theyhavetogobacktotheirnativecountrytocompensatefortheineffectivefamilyeducation,whilethebenefitsincludeacquiringaforeignlanguageandcultureandavoidingbeingexposedtotheproblemsofthenativeculture.

Unit6:

EnvironmentalProtection

CLOSEREADING:

CarryingCapacity:

Earth’sBottomLine-SandraPostel

StructuralAnalysis

AProblem-SolutionPattern:

Solutions

↓

Advocacy

TheGeneralProblem

↓

TheCentralProblem

（andCauses）

ØPartI（Para.1-2）:

Theauthorpresentsthattogainmorefromtheearth,wehumanbeingshavebeenchangingtheearthattheexpenseofitscarryingcapacity.

ØPartII（Para.3-7）:

Theauthorproposesthatasaresultofpopulationsize,consumptionpatterns,andtechnologychoices,wehaveenteredintoanageinwhichthecarryingcapacityoftheearthhasbeenexceeded

ØPartIII（Para.8-10）:

Theauthorsuggestsweshouldrationallyusetechnologyandtradeinordertosolvetheproblemofbreachingtheearth’scarryingcapacity.

ØPara.IV（Para.11）:

Theauthoradvocatesunearthingtherootsofenvironmentaldamagetorealizesustainabledevelopment.

MainIdea

Thearticleisaimedatproposingthathumanbeingshavebeendamagingtheenvironmentoftheearthtotheextentthatwehaveexceededtheearth’scarryingcapacityandthatpropermeasuresintechnologyandtrademustbetakensoontoreversethedamage.

TheAuthor'sOpinion

Environmentisdamagedbyourhumanbeings.Wearechangingtheearthattheexpenseofitscarryingcapacity.Thinkaboutthecarryingcapacity,morefactorsshouldbeingconsidered.Thepopulationsize,theconsumptionpatternsandthetechnologychoices.Takingpropermeasuresisimportant.Itcanensureourhumanbeingstomakegooduseoftheresourceoftheearth.

Article:

TheSellingofthePresident-EdwardJayWhetmore

StructuralAnalysis

ØPartI（Para1）:

Thethesisoftheauthor,i.e.presidentialelectionhasbeendeterminedlargelybyheavyspotbuyingonelectronicmediainrecentyears.

ØPartII（Para2—11）:

InthemainbodyofthearticletheauthordiscussestheimpactoftelevisiononAmericanpresidentialelection.

ØPartIII（Para12）:

Intheconclusiontheauthorreiterateshispointthatitisveryimportanttodevelopasenseofwhatkindofpersonweareelectingtothenation’shighestoffice.

Centralidea

BydiscussingtheimpactoftelevisiononAmericanpresidentialelection,theauthoremphasizethatitisveryimportanttodevelopasenseofwhatkindofpersonweareelectingtothenation’shighestoffice.

Author’sopinion

Presidentialelectionhasbeendeterminedlargelybyheavyspotbuyingonelectronicmediainrecentyears.Heintendstoputacrosstheideathattheimportantissuebeingtalkedaboutnowinpresidentialelectionwillbeoflittlesignificanceinthefuture,soitisfarmoreimportanttoknowwhatkindofpersonwearechoosingtobeourpresident.

Unit7:

RegulatingtheInternet

CLOSEREADING:

TheLawsofCyberspace:

WhatCollegesNeedtoKnow-StevenMcDonald

StructuralAnalysis

AProblem-SolutionPattern

ØPart1（Para.1）Thefirstparagraphservesasanintroduction,wheretheauthorstateshisthesis:

ContinuedincidentsofmisuseoftheInternetoncollegecampusessuggestthatweneedtoreexamineourexistingapproachestotheproblem.

ØPart2（Para.2-16）Thispartisthemainbodyoftheessay,wheretheauthorsupportshispointwithevidencesandreasons:

WhyandhowshouldweregulatetheInternet?

ØPart3（Para.17）Thisistheconcludingparagraph,wheretheauthorreiterateshispointandstateshishopeofthereductionofmisuseoftheInternet

CentralIdea

Theauthorpointsouttheproblemsofthemisusecomputerincampus,andgivessomeexamplestosupportheropinion.Shefindsoutthedisadvantagesofthe‘Internetlaw’.Shegivesusthewaytosolvetheproblemandpointsoutthatthemosteffectivewayshouldbeeducation.SetanexampleintheOhioState.Theeducationwayalsoneedstesting.Nomatterhoweffectivethewayis,wealsodonotwantproblems.Soanounceofpreventionisworthapoundofcure.

TheAuthor'sOpinion

Theauthorthinksitisnecessarytofindawaytoreducethemisusecomputer.Shefindssomeexamplestosupportheropinionaboutmisusecomputerincampus.Shefindsouttheproblemsofthemisusecomputerinthecampus.Shethinkseducationisthebestwaytosolvethemisusecomputer.Educationismoreeffectivethanlaw.Anounceofpreventionisworthapoundofcure.

Article:

TheDiscusThrower-RichardSelzer

StructureAnalysis:

ØPartI（Para.1）:

Anintroductiontothebackgroundofthestory.

ØPartII（Paras.2-13）:

Presentstheauthor’smeetingwiththeparticularpatientdubbedthediscusthrower,hisconflictswiththeheadnurseandadetailedportrayalofhowthepatient“throwsthediscus”.

ØPartIII（Paras.14-15）:

Tellsofthepatient’sdeath.

Centralidea:

TheDiscusThrowerissymbolicincharacterization.Thenamelesspatientin"Rom542"standsforaneverymaninhissociety.Hisblindnessshowsthatheisamanindarkness.Anddarknessisuponthefaceofthemodernsociety.Hisleglessconditionshowsthathehaslosthisfreedomofactionintheso-calledlandofliberty.Hisironicwordsimplyhisindignationathisadversefortune.Thecrackofthebrokenplatesymbolizesahopeforthespan-newlife.Thedoctor-narratorrepresentsacommontoilerwhosupportsthesociety.Theheadnurserepresentsarulerinthemodernwesternworld.Thesymbolicmeaningsreflecttheauthor'scarefulobservationandmeditationontheexistentsociety.

Theauthor’sopinion:

Thisportraitofadifficultandonlysemi-communicativepatientismoreaske