综英四复习资料.docx

1、综英四复习资料 Hunan Normal UniversityCollege of foreign language studiesenglish departmentREVISION MaterialSummarized Material For Comprehensive EnglishBook 4&Other ArticlesStructural analyses, Central ideas & authors opinionsUnit 1：The Ambivalence of AbortionCLOSE READING: The Ambivalence of Abortion-Lin

2、da Bird FranckeStructural Analysis: Part I (1-2): I was pregnant again, but we tried to rationalize and agreed not to have another baby. Part II (3-23): In the Womens Services, I experienced the ambivalence of the abortion. Part III (24-26): The abortion influenced my later life physically and spiri

3、tually.Central idea: By telling her own experience of abortion in the Womens Services with her husbands company, the author describes her ambivalence of the abortion clearly. Author Opinion: The author is a pro-choice, but while she was aborting a baby, she becomes ambivalent. On one hand, she still

4、 supported abortion; on the other hand, she felt sorry the aborted babyArticle: The Monster-Deems TaylorStructural Analysis: Part I (para.1-9) It describes a man who seems to have rolled all kinds of demerits into one, a real monster. Part II (para.10) Its a transitional paragraph, clarifying this m

5、onster is a famous musician by the name of Richard Wagner. Part III (para.11-13) It justifies all the behaviors of Richard Wagner. Central idea:The article told a truth that gold cant be pure and man cant be perfect. Every man has his faults, but if he can do well in one aspect of life, he is succes

6、sful. And his faults will be forgiven by others. Authors Opinion:No one can do well in every aspect. So, even if there are a lot of shortages in the “monster”, he is still a great man. Because he has put all his efforts into music and his music was so great that people would forgive him for all the

7、misdeeds that he had done and the good deeds that he failed to do. Unit 3: Capital PunishmentCLOSE READING: Death & Justice: How Capital Punishment Affirms Life-Edward I. KochStructural Analysis: Part (1-3):The author argues the importance of the death penalty. Part II (Para.4-13): The author argues

8、 against the excuses of the death penalty opponents. Part III (Para.14-16)：The author argues the ethics and politics towards the importance and support of the death penalty.Central idea:By examining the arguments most frequently heard in opposition, the author maintained his position, that is, he su

9、pported capital punishment. Authors Opinion: Its the death itself they consider barbaric, not the method. United States has a big murder problem, so it should support the death penalty. Human life deserves special protection, and one of the best ways to guarantee that protection is to assure that co

10、nvicted murders do not kill again. Only the death penalty can accomplish this end. The death penalty strengthens the value of human life. Rights and responsibilities surrendered by the individual are what give the state its power to govern. when we protect guilty lives , we give up innocent lives in

11、 exchange. All in all, he supported the death penalty.Article: A French Fourth- Charles TrueheartStructural Analysis Part I (Para.1-3): a way of celebrating his home countrys national Day, i. e. the Independence Day of the United States; Part II (Para.4-9): the expatriated life of the authors childr

12、en and the costs as well as benefits; Part III (Para.10-12): the contrast of the expatriated childhood between the authors children and the author himself, along with the cause of the difference globalization.Central ideaBy describing the expatriated life they have in a different country, the author

13、 reiterates his point that it is difficult to make the children understand and identify the virtues of their native culture without living in it and the cause of the difference between the authors expatriated childhood the his childrens is globalization.Authors opinionIt is difficult, according to t

14、he author, to make the children understand and identify the virtues of their native culture without living in it. Accordingly, they have to go back to their native country to compensate for the ineffective family education, while the benefits include acquiring a foreign language and culture and avoi

15、ding being exposed to the problems of the native culture.Unit 6: Environmental ProtectionCLOSE READING: Carrying Capacity: Earths Bottom Line-Sandra PostelStructural AnalysisA Problem-Solution Pattern:SolutionsAdvocacyThe General Problem The Central Problem(and Causes) Part I (Para.1-2): The author

16、presents that to gain more from the earth, we human beings have been changing the earth at the expense of its carrying capacity. Part II (Para.3-7): The author proposes that as a result of population size, consumption patterns, and technology choices, we have entered into an age in which the carryin

17、g capacity of the earth has been exceeded Part III (Para.8-10): The author suggests we should rationally use technology and trade in order to solve the problem of breaching the earths carrying capacity. Para. IV (Para. 11): The author advocates unearthing the roots of environmental damage to realize

18、 sustainable development.Main Idea The article is aimed at proposing that human beings have been damaging the environment of the earth to the extent that we have exceeded the earths carrying capacity and that proper measures in technology and trade must be taken soon to reverse the damage.The Author

19、s OpinionEnvironment is damaged by our human beings. We are changing the earth at the expense of its carrying capacity. Think about the carrying capacity , more factors should being considered. The population size ,the consumption patterns and the technology choices. Taking proper measures is import

20、ant. It can ensure our human beings to make good use of the resource of the earth.Article: The Selling of the President-Edward Jay WhetmoreStructural Analysis Part I (Para 1): The thesis of the author, i.e. presidential election has been determined largely by heavy spot buying on electronic media in

21、 recent years. Part II (Para 211): In the main body of the article the author discusses the impact of television on American presidential election. Part III (Para 12): In the conclusion the author reiterates his point that it is very important to develop a sense of what kind of person we are electin

22、g to the nations highest office.Central ideaBy discussing the impact of television on American presidential election, the author emphasize that it is very important to develop a sense of what kind of person we are electing to the nations highest office.Authors opinionPresidential election has been d

23、etermined largely by heavy spot buying on electronic media in recent years. He intends to put across the idea that the important issue being talked about now in presidential election will be of little significance in the future, so it is far more important to know what kind of person we are choosing

24、 to be our president.Unit 7: Regulating the Internet CLOSE READING: The Laws of Cyberspace: What Colleges Need to Know-Steven McDonaldStructural AnalysisA Problem-Solution Pattern Part1(Para.1)The first paragraph serves as an introduction, where the author states his thesis: Continued incidents of m

25、isuse of the Internet on college campuses suggest that we need to reexamine our existing approaches to the problem. Part2(Para.2-16)This part is the main body of the essay, where the author supports his point with evidences and reasons: Why and how should we regulate the Internet? Part3(Para.17)This

26、 is the concluding paragraph, where the author reiterates his point and states his hope of the reduction of misuse of the InternetCentral Idea The author points out the problems of the misuse computer in campus, and gives some examples to support her opinion. She finds out the disadvantages of the I

27、nternet law. She gives us the way to solve the problem and points out that the most effective way should be education. Set an example in the Ohio State. The education way also needs testing. No matter how effective the way is ,we also do not want problems. So an ounce of prevention is worth a pound

28、of cure.The Authors OpinionThe author thinks it is necessary to find a way to reduce the misuse computer. She finds some examples to support her opinion about misuse computer in campus. She finds out the problems of the misuse computer in the campus. She thinks education is the best way to solve the

29、 misuse computer. Education is more effective than law. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.Article: The Discus Thrower-Richard SelzerStructure Analysis: Part I (Para. 1): An introduction to the background of the story. Part II (Paras. 2-13): Presents the authors meeting with the particu

30、lar patient dubbed the discus thrower, his conflicts with the head nurse and a detailed portrayal of how the patient “throws the discus”. Part III (Paras. 14-15): Tells of the patients death. Central idea: The Discus Thrower is symbolic in characterization. The nameless patient in Rom 542 stands for

31、 an everyman in his society. His blindness shows that he is a man in darkness. And darkness is upon the face of the modern society. His legless condition shows that he has lost his freedom of action in the so-called land of liberty. His ironic words imply his indignation at his adverse fortune. The

32、crack of the broken plate symbolizes a hope for the span-new life. The doctor-narrator represents a common toiler who supports the society. The head nurse represents a ruler in the modern western world. The symbolic meanings reflect the authors careful observation and meditation on the existent society.The authors opinion:This portrait of a difficult and only semi-communicative patient is more a ske