正文最终二次稿件.docx

正文最终二次稿件.docx

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正文最终二次稿件

Introduction

OutlawsoftheMarsh,asoneofthefourtraditionalChineseclassics,hasenjoyedwidepopularityathome,andevendrawnattentionfrompeopleabroad.SofarithasbeentranslatedintoEnglish,French,Germany,Japaneseandsoandsoforth.ButtheEnglishversionexertsgreatinfluenceuponthepublicandcoversvarioustopicssuchastranslationaim,selectionofversions,translationstrategiesandapproaches.

Duringnearlyseventyyearsfrom1933to2002,thereappearedfourEnglishversiontranslatedbyShapiro,Buck,JacksonandJohn.WithvariousdegreesoffamiliaritywithChineseculture,theydidabsolutelydifferentjobsintheprocessoftranslatingthenovel.

ThisessaycomparesthreeEnglishversionsofOutlawsoftheMarsh.it’snecessarytohaveknowledgeaboutthewriters.ShapiroisanAmerican-bornChinese.HelearnedChinesehistoryandcultureformanyyears.AfterWWⅡ,hecametoShanghaiandgotmarriedtoaChineseactress.HesettleddowninChinaformanytranslationworks.ShuiHuiZhuanistranslatedasOutlawsoftheMarsh.BuckwasborninWestVirginia,4monthslater,withthepreacherparentscametoChina.SuccessivelyinQingjiangpu,Zhenjiang,Nanjing,Lushanetctoliveandworknearly40years,includingin18yearslifeinZhenjiang,shehadherlife'searlyyears,soshecalledZhenjiangher"Chinesehomeland".Muchofherchildhoodtimeisspent,firstlearningtoChineseandtheChinesecustoms,thenhermothertaughtherEnglish.SheisthegreattranslatortomakeAllMenAreBrothersfamousallaroundtheworld.JacksonisanEnglishtranslator,whoseldomhasthelivingexpriencesinChinaandjuststudiesChinesecultureformanyyears.HetranslatedShuiHuZhuanasWaterMagin,andmadethetranslationstraightforward.ShaprioandBuck’stranslationsenjoymorereputationthanJackon’s,astheyaremorefamilarwithChineseandEnglishculturalenvironment.

PeopletakegreatdelightintalkingabouttheirtranslationofnicknamesinOutlawsoftheMarsh.Thethreetranslationsofthisnovelhavebeenstudiedbymanyscholars,whoanalyzedifferentversionsofthisnovelfromtheperspectiveofcross-culturaltransmission,translationstrategies,defamiliariziontranslationandsoonandsoforth.

Itisimpossiblefortranslatorstodotheperfecttranslationwork,astheculturedifferenceexists.XuXuepinganalyzedthedemeritsofShaprio’stranslationofthisnovelandpointedoutthat

Thetranslationisinadequateinverificationoftheoriginaltext.Ofcourse,itisinevitabletoproducebarrierincultureandcharactersforthesakeoftimeandspaceinthecourseofinterpretatingtheoriginalversion.Moreover,therehasnotbeenadequateconversionorpreciseconversionofsourceinformation.

Asweknow,thebooknamehastranslatedtotallydifferently.ShuiHuZhuanhastanslatatedasOutlawsofMarsh,AllMenAreBrothersandWaterMargin.LiJinganalyzedthereasonofdifferentbooknametranslationsofthisnovelandsuggestedthat

Theprocessoftranslationismanipulatedbyideology,whichinvolvesboththetranslator’sindividualideologyandthedominantideologiesofthesocietythetranslatorfindshimselforherselfinthatmayincludetheelementofpatronage.Itisthecomplexinteractionoftwoideologiesthatresultsinthedifferenceinthetranslationproductaswellasthenecessarychangesmadeintheprocessoftranslationthroughthetranslator’subjectivity.

NicknamesinOutlawsofMarshisthespecialfeatureofthisnovelandithasChineseculturewhichishardlytransmittedtothetargetreaders.Thetranslatorsmakeiteasyforthetargetreadertounderstandbydomestizationstrategy.ButsomescholarsargurethatthesetranslationworkslostChinesecultureflavor.XuJianpingandLiangJinhuaanalyedtheBuck’sworkandtheymaintainthat

Defamiliarizationordomestizaioncanpreserveexoticflavor,whichmakesreadersfindnewthingsorexplorethestangefield.Readersenjoypowerfulaestheticpleasureandspendmuchonthetranslationwork.

Theresearchofthetranlationworkhasbeenstudyinginmanyaspectsandthetranslationworkhashotlybeendicussedandreseachedbyscholars.

Thisthesisisanalyticandcomparativeinnature.Theaimisnotonlytopointoutwhichofthethreeversionsstudiedisbetterbutalsotoanalyzetheimportantroletranslator’ssubjectivityplaysinachievinganexcellenttranslation,confirmthevalidityoftranslator’ssubjectivityinthefieldofChinese-Englishliterarytranslations,anddiscoverbasictranslationstrategiesintranslationprocess.Moretranslationwillbeproved.Althoughacompletelyequivalentculturetranslationwillnotbeachieved,thetranslator’sroleshouldnotbeoverlooked.

.Translator’sSubjectivityandItsRolesinTranslation

1.1Thesubjectoftranslation

Beforemakingadetailedexplorationoftranslator’ssubjectivityinthecasestudyofthethreeEnglishversionsofOutlawsoftheMarsh,itisofvitalsignificancetomakeitclear,firstandforemost,whoisthesubjectoftranslation.Manyscholarsathomeandabroadhavehotlydebatedonthisissueintheformofarticlesoracademicmeetingsbutwithnoconsensusreachedonit.

AndreLefeverepointedthat“Translationis,ofcourse,arewritingofanoriginaltext”.Accordingtohim,thetranslatorasamanipulatorofthesourcetextisundoubtedlythesubjectoftranslationactivities,andhis/herpersonalcharacteristicscanandshouldplayacertainroleinthetranslationprocess.

ProfessorXuJun（2003）summarizestheanswersabroadandholdsthat:

①Onlythetranslatoristhesubject;②Boththeauthorandthetranslatorarethesubjects;③Thetranslatorandthereaderarethesubjects;and④theauthor,thetranslatorandthereaderareallthesubjects.

ChenDaliangarguesthat“translatoristhesubjectoftranslation,thattheauthoristhesubjectofliterarycreation,andthatthereaderisthesubjectofacceptance”.（陈大亮,2004：

6）YangWuneng,atranslationtheoristofprominenceandpopularity,putsforwardthestatementofmulti-subjectoftranslationincludingtheauthor,thereaderandthetranslator,withwhomasthemostactiveone.Butheargues,inhisarticle“RevisingtheSubjectofLiteraryTranslation”,that“Literarytranslatorsarethesubjectsofliterarytranslation”（杨武能,2003:

10）,say,translatoristhesubjectoftranslationashe/shehasthedoubleidentityofthereceptorofthesourcetextandthecreatorofthetargettext.

Basedontheabovearguments,theauthorofthisthesisholdsthattranslatoristhesubjectoftranslation.Thentheoriginalistheobjectoftranslator’sunderstanding,interpretingandrecreating;itsauthoristhetranslator’sreferentialandresearchingobject.Therefore,thesubjectivityofthetranslationisregardedasthesubjectivityofthetranslator.

1.2Theconnotationoftranslator’ssubjectivity

Itisworthwhiletomakecleartheconceptorthedefinitionoftranslator’ssubjectivitybeforeweexploretheconnotationofit.However,itseemsthatnounanimousdefinitionoftranslator’ssubjectivityhasbeenmadeandnosystematiccognitionofithasbeentakeninthetranslationcircle.

ChaMingqianandTianYu（2003）definetranslator’ssubjectivityasfollows:

Thetranslator’ssubjectivityreferstothesubjectiveinitiativedisplayedbythetranslatortorealizehis/hertranslationpurposeasatranslationsubjectonthepremiseofrespectingthetranslationobject.Itsessentialfeaturesarehis/herobviousculturalawareness,personality,andstyle,culturalandaestheticcreation.

Besides,TuGuoyuanandZhuXianlongdefinethetranslator’ssubjectiveas,

Ingeneral,thetranslator’ssubjectivityistheinitiativewhichisdisplayedundertheconstraintsofothertranslationparticipants,externalforcesandhis/herownhorizonsinthecourseoftranslating,suchinitiativeisindependent,conscious,purposefulandoriginal,reflectingthetranslator’sconsciousnessofhis/herownartisticpersonalityaswellashis/herculturalaestheticcreativity.

Fromtheabovetwoanalyses,itcanbeseenthatthetranslator’ssubjectivityreferstothetranslator’ssubjectiveinterpretationofthesourcetext.Thetranslator,differentfromtheordinaryreadersofthesourcetext,readsitwiththepurposeoftranslatingitandtherefore,heusuallymusthaveafarmorethoroughunderstandingoftheoriginal.

Thetranslatorsdonothavethesameunderstandingintheliterarytext,resultingfromdifferentcompetenceasculturalawareness,languagecapability,literarylevel,cognitionandsoandsoforth.Thetranslatorshouldalsotaketargetcultureandreadersintoconsideration.Ononehand,thetranslatorisassumedtoconformtothesourcetextwithdifferenceinculture,socialideologyandsoonandsoforth;andontheotherhand,heisallowedenoughspaceforhisownexperience,valuejudgment,personalityandtranslationstrategies,whichwillinevitablyinfluencehisrepresentationinthetargettextandatthesametimehis/hersubjectivitywillbeunavoidablydisplayedinmanyaspects.

1.3Themanifestationofthetranslator’ssubjectivityintranslatingprocess

Afterwhatistranslator’ssubjectivityhasbeengiven,thesubsequentpartwillcenterontherolesatranslatorplayintheprocessoftranslating.Whentranslating,atranslatorplaysmanysubjectiveroles.Atranslatorisareaderoftheoriginaltext.Thetranslatorhastomakenumerousdecisions,sohe/sheiscalledadecision-maker.Besides,anothersubjectiveroleofthetranslatorisaresearcher,whichcannotbeneglected,either.Lastbutnotleast,thetranslatorisasubstitute.Thefollowinganalysiswillarguehowtranslator’ssubjectivityisappliedintheprocessoftranslationi