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英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
2016年6月英语四级仔细阅读真题及答案解析
SectionC
PassageOne
Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
Thestudy,whichfollowedmorethan2,000healthyadultsbetweentheagesof18and60,foundthatcertainmentalfunctions—
includingmeasuresofabstractreasoning,mentalspeedandpuzzle-solving—startedtodullasearlyasage27.
Dipsinmemory,meanwhile,generallybecameapparentaroundage37.
Ontheotherhand,indicatorsofaperson'saccumulatedknowledge—likeperformanceontestsofvocabularyandgeneralknowledge—keptimprovingwithage,accordingtofindingspublishedinthejournalNeurobiologyofAging.
Theresultsdonotmeanthatyoungadultsneedtostartworryingabouttheirmemories.Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.
"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegratingitwithone'sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthoodiftherearenodispases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.
Thestudyincludedhealthy,educatedadultswhotookstandardtestsofmemory,reasoningandperceptionattheoutsetandatsomepointoverthenextsevenyears.
Thetestsaredesignedtodetectsubtle(细微的)changesin
mentalfunction,andinvolvesolvingPuzzles,recallingwordsanddetailsfromstories,andidentifyingpatternsincollectionsoflettersandsymbols.
Ingeneral,Salthouseandhiscolleaguesfound,certainaspectsofcognition(认知能力)generallystartedtodeclineinthelate20sto30s.
Thefindingsshedlightonnormalage-relatedchangesinmentalfunction,whichcouldaidinunderstandingtheprocessofdementia(痴呆),accordingtotheresearchers.
"Byfollowingindividualsovertime,"Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."
Theresearchersarecurrentlyanalyzing,thestudyparticipants'healthandlifestyletoseewhichfactorsmightinfluenceage-relatedcognitivechanges.
47.【题干】Whatisthecommonviewofmentalfunction?
【选项】
variesfrompersontoperson.
graduallyexpandswithage.
weakensinone'slateryears.
indicatesone'shealthcondition.
答案】B
【解析】Decliningmentalfunctionisoftenseenasaproblemofoldage,butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
48.【题干】Whatdoesthenewstudyfindaboutmentalfunctions?
【选项】
diseasesinevitablyleadtotheirdecline.
reachapeakattheageof20formostpeople.
arecloselyrelatedtophysical'andmentalexercise.
ofthembegintodeclinewhenpeoplearestillyoung.
【答案】D
【解析】butcertainaspectsofbrainfunctionactuallybegintheirdeclineinyoungadulthood,anewstudysuggests.
49.【题干】WhatdoesTimothySalthousesayaboutpeople'smindsinmostcases?
【选项】
tendtodeclineinpeople'slateryears.
flexibilitydeterminesone'sabilities.
functionquitewelleveninoldage.
functioningisstillapuzzletobesolved.
【答案】C
【解析】Mostpeople'smindsfunctionatahighlevelevenintheirlateryears,accordingtoresearcherTimothySalthouse.
50.【题干】Althoughpeople'smindsmayfunctionlessflexiblyastheyage,they.
【选项】
bebetteratsolvingpuzzlesmemorizethingswithmoreeasehavegreaterfacilityinabstractreasoning
putwhattheyhavelearntintomoreeffectiveuse
【答案】D
【解析】"Thesepatternssuggestthatsometypesofmentalflexibilitydecreaserelativelyearlyinadulthood,butthattheamountofknowledgeonehas,andtheeffectivenessofintegrating
itwithone'sabilities,mayincreasethroughoutallofadulthood
iftherearenodispases,"Salthousesaidinanewsrelease.
51.【题干】AccordingtoSalthouse,theirstudymayhelpus.
【选项】
waystoslowdownourmentaldecline
waystoboostourmemories
thecomplexprocessofmentalfunctioning
therelationbetweenphysicalandmentalhealth
【答案】A
【解析】Salthousesaid,"wegaininsightincognitionchanges,andmaypossiblydiscoverwaystoslowtherateofdecline."
PassageTwo
Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Themostimportantthinginthenewslastweekwastherising
discussioninNashvilleabouttheeducationalneedsofchildren.
Theshorthand(简写)educatorsuseforthisis"pre-K"—meaning
4-year-oldsandevenyoungerkidstobereadytosucceedontheirK-12journey.
Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.
ThefederalHeadStartprogram,launched50yearsago,hasservedmorethan30millionchildren.ItwasbasedonconceptsdevelopedatVanderbiltUniversity'sPeabodyCollegebySusanGray,thelegendarypioneerinearlychildhoodeducationresearch.
AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.
Pre-Kiscontroversial.Somecriticssayitisaluxuryandshouldn'tbefreetofamiliesabletopay.Pre-Kadvocatesinsistitisprovenandwillsucceedifintegratedwiththerestofthechild'sschooling.Ileantowardthelatterview.
Thisis,inanycase,therightconversationtobehavingnowasMayorMeganBarrytakesoffice.Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.Theimportantthingisforallofustokeepinmindtherealgoalandthelonger,biggerpicture.
Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干预)works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfoundisthe
politicalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.
Forthispurpose,ourschoolsneedboththetalentandtheorganizationtoeducateeachchildwhoarrivesattheschoolhousedoor.Someshowupready,butmanydonotatthiscriticaltimewhenyoungbrainsaredevelopingrapidly.
52.【题干】Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutpre-kindergarteneducation?
【选项】
shouldcatertotheneedsofindividualchildren.
isessentialtoaperson'sfutureacademicsuccess.
andpolicymakershavedifferentopinionsaboutit.
regarditasthefirstphaseofchildren'sdevelopment.
【答案】C
【解析】第一段:
Butitgetscomplicated.Theconcepthasmultipleforms,andscholarsandpolicymakersargueabouttheshape,scopeandcostoftheidealprogram.
53.【题干】WhatdoesthenewPeabodystudyfind?
【选项】
achievementsusuallydonotlastlong.
thirdgrademarksanewphaseoflearning.
thirdgradeiscriticaltochildren'sdevelopment.
hasnotbeenthetopconcernofpre-Kprograms.
【答案】A
【解析】AnewPeabodystudyoftheTennesseeVoluntaryPre-Kprogramreportsthatpre-Kworks,butthegainsarenotsustainedthroughthethirdgrade.
54.【题干】Whendoestheauthorthinkpre-Kworksthebest?
itisaccessibletokidsofallfamilies.
itismadepartofkids'education.
itisnolongerconsideredaluxury.
itismadefunandenjoyabletokids.
【答案】B
【解析】Itseemstomethishighlightsqualityissuesinelementaryschoolsmorethanpre-K,andindicateslonger-termsuccessmustconnectpre-Kwithalltheotherissues,relatedtoeducatingachild.
56.【题干】WhatdowelearnaboutMayorMeganBarry?
【选项】
knowstherealgoalofeducation.
isamayorofinsightandvision.
hasoncerunapre-Kprogram.
isafirmsupporterofpre-K.
【答案】D
【解析】Shewasthefirstcandidatetospeakoutforstrongpre-Kprogramming.
56【题干】Whatdoestheauthorthinkiscriticaltokids'education?
【选项】
method.
'interest.
intervention.
'involvement.
【答案】C
【解析】Theweightoftheevidenceisonthesideofpre-Kthatearlyintervention(干预)works.Whatgovernmenthasnotyetfound
isthepoliticalwilltoputthatunderstandingintofullpracticewithasequenceofsmartschoolingthatprovidestheearlyfoundation.