王长喜四级考前冲刺试题一.docx

王长喜四级考前冲刺试题一.docx

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王长喜四级考前冲刺试题一

四级考前冲刺试题一

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofIsOfferingSeatsCompulsoryforYoungPassengers?

Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelow.

1.有人认为公交车上年轻人必须给老人让座

2.有人认为年轻人没有义务给老人让座

3.你的看法

IsOfferingSeatsCompulsoryforYoungPassengers?

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PartIIReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

EatanApple（Doctor’sOrders）

Thefarmstandisbecomingthenewapothecary（药剂师）,preparingandgivingoutapples—nottomentionvegetablessuchasartichokes,asparagusandarugula—tofillanovelkindofprescription.

DoctorsatthreehealthcentersinMassachusettshavebegunadvisingpatientstoeat“prescriptionproduce”fromlocalfarmers’markets,inanefforttofightobesity（whensomeoneisveryfatinawaythatisunhealthy）inchildrenoflow-incomefamilies.Nowtheywillgivecoupons（赠券）amountingto$1adayforeachmemberofapatient’sfamilytopromotehealthymeals.

“Alotofthesekidshaveaverylimitedrangeoffruitsandvegetablesthatareacceptableandfamiliartothem.Potentially,theywilltrymore,”saidDr.SukiTepperberg,afamilyphysicianatCodmanSquareHealthCenterinDorchester,oneoftheprogramsites.“Thegoalistogetthemtoincreasetheirconsumptionoffruitandvegetablesbyoneservingaday.”

Theeffortmayalsohelpfarmers’marketscompetewithfast-foodrestaurantssellingdollarvaluemeals.Farmers’marketsdomorethan$1billioninannualsalesintheUnitedStates,accordingtotheAgricultureDepartment.

Massachusettswasoneofthefirststatestopromotethesemarketsashubsofpreventivehealth.Inthe1980s,forexample,thestatebeganissuingcouponsforfarmers’marketstolow-incomewomenwhowerepregnantorbreast-feedingorforyoungchildrenatriskformalnutrition（营养不良）.Thirty-sixstatesnowhavesuchfarmers’marketnutritionprogramsaimedatwomenandyoungchildren.

ThomasM.Menino,themayorofBoston,saidhebelievedthenewchildren’sprogram,inwhichdoctorswritevegetable“prescriptions”tobefilledatfarmers’markets,wasthefirstofitskind.Doctorswilltrackparticipantstodeterminehowtheprogramaffectstheireatingpatternsandtomonitorhealthindicatorslikeweightandbodymassindex,hesaid.

“WhenIgotoworkinthemorning,Iseekidsstandingatthebusstopeatingchipsanddrinkingasoda,”Mr.Meninosaidinaphoneinterviewearlierthisweek.“Ihopethiswillhelpthemchangetheireatinghabitsandleadtoahealthierlifestyle.”

Themayor’sattentiontohealthyeatingdatestohisdaysasacitycouncilman.Mostrecentlyhehasappointedawell-knownchefasafoodpolicydirectortopromotelocalfoodsinpublicschoolsandtofostermarketgardensinthecity.

Althoughobesityisacomplexproblemunlikelytobesolvedjustbyeatingmorevegetables,supportersofthevegetablecouponprogramhopethatphysicianinterventionwillspuryoungpeopletoadoptthekindofbehavioralchangesthatcanhelppreventlifelongobesity.

ChildhoodobesityintheUnitedStatescosts$14.1billionannuallyindirecthealthexpenseslikeprescriptiondrugsandvisitstodoctorsandemergencyrooms,accordingtoarecentarticleontheeconomicsofchildhoodobesitypublishedinthejournalHealthAffairs.Treatingobesity-relatedillnessinadultscostsanestimated$147billionannually,thearticlesaid.

Althoughthevegetableprescriptionpilotprojectissmall,itssupportersseeitasamodelforencouragingobesechildrenandtheirfamiliestoincreasethevolumeandvarietyoffreshproducetheyeat.

“Canwehelppeopleinlow-incomeareas,whoshopinthecenterofsupermarketsforlow-costempty-caloriefood,toshopatfarmers’marketsbymakingfruitandvegetablesmoreaffordable?

”saidGusSchumacher,thechairmanofWholesomeWave,anonprofitgroupinBridgeport,Conn.,thatsupportsfamilyfarmersandcommunityaccesstolocallygrownproduce.

Ifthepilotprojectissuccessful,Mr.Schumachersaid,“farmers’marketswouldbecomelikeafruitandvegetablepharmacy（药房）forat-riskfamilies.”

Thepilotprojectplanstoenrollupto50familiesoffouratthreehealthcentersinMassachusettsthatalreadyhavespecializedchildren’sprogramscalledhealthyweightclinics.

AfoundationcalledCAVU,forCeilingandVisibilityUnlimited,sponsorstheclinicsthatareadministeringthevegetableproject.TheMassachusettsDepartmentofAgricultureandWholesomeWaveeachcontributed$10,000inseedmoney.（Anotherarmoftheprogram,atseveralhealthcentersinMaine,isgivingfreshproducecouponstopregnantmothers.）Theprogramistorununtiltheendofthefarmers’marketseasoninlatefall.

OnemonthafterLeslie-AnnOgiste,acertifiednursingassistantinBoston,andher9-year-oldson,MakaelConstance,receivedtheirfirstvegetableprescriptioncouponsattheCodmanCenter,theyhavelostacombinedfourpounds,shesaid.AstaffmemberatthecentertoldMs.Ogisteaboutafarmers’marketthatisfiveminutesfromherapartment,shesaid.

“Itworkedwonders,”saidMs.Ogiste,whoboughtandpreparedeggplant,cucumbers,tomatoes,summersquash,corn,bokchoy,parsley,carrotsandredonions.“Justthevariety,itdidhelp.”

Ms.Ogistesaidshehadmincedsomevegetablesandusedtheminsoup,pastasauceandricedishes—thebettertodisguisethenewgood-for-youfoodsthatsheservedherson.

Makaelsaidhedidnotmind.“It’sreallygood,”hesaid.

SomenutritionresearcherssaidthattheMassachusettsprojecthadagoodchanceofimprovingeatinghabitsintheshortterm.But,theyadded,avegetableprescriptionprograminisolationmaynothavealong-terminfluenceonreducingobesity.Familiesmayreverttotheirformerhabitsinthewinterwhenthefarmers’marketsareclosed,theseresearcherssaid,ortheymaynotbeabletoaffordfreshproduceafterthevoucherprogramends.

Dr.ShikhaAnand,themedicaldirectorofCAVU’shealthyweightinitiative,saidthegrouphopedtomaketheveggieprescriptionprojectayear-roundprogramthroughpartnershipswithgrocerystores.

Butpeopletendtoovereatjunkfoodinhigherproportionthantheyundereatvegetables,saidDr.DeborahA.Cohen,aseniornaturalscientistattheRANDCorporation.So,unlesspeoplecurtail（减少）excessiveconsumptionofsaltyandsugarysnacks,shesaid,behavioralchangeslikeeatingmorefruitandvegetableswillhavelimitedeffectonobesity.

InarecentstudyledbyDr.Cohen,forexample,peopleinsouthernLouisianatypicallyexceededguidelinesforeatingsaltyandsugaryfoodsby120percentinthecourseofadaywhilefallingshortofvegetableandfruitconsumptionby20percent.

TheweightclinicsinMassachusettschosenforthevegetableprescriptiontestprojectalreadyencouragefamiliestocutdownonunhealthysnacks.

EvenasMs.Ogisteandhersonstartedshoppingatthefarmers’marketandeatingmorefreshproduce,forexample,theyalsocutbackonjunkfood,shesaid.

“Wehavestoppedthesnacks.Wearedrinkingmorewaterandlesssodaandlessjuicetoo,”Ms.Ogistesaid.“Allofthathelped.”

1.Dr.SukiTepperbergsuggestedthatmanyoverweightchildren.

A）haveconsumedtoomuchmeat

B）dislikefruitsandvegetablesbynature

C）mainlycomefromwealthyfamilies

D）willhavemorevegetablesifprovided

2.Besidespoorobesechildren,thevegetable“prescription”programisalsohelpfulfor.

A）doctorsatthehealthcenters

B）farmersinthelocalmarket

C）restaurantsservingfastfood

D）manufacturesprovidingconcernedmedicine

3.Inthenewchildren’sprogram,whatdoctorsneedtodois.

A）evaluatingtheeffectoftheprogramB）writingprescriptionsatafarmstand

C）givingvegetablecouponstofarmersD）developingnovelmedicinetofightobesity

4.Accordingtothephoneinterview,whydidThomasM.Meninosupportthecurrentfarmers’marketnutritionprograms?

A）Hehopedtopromotelocalfoodsinthewholecit