牛津高中英语模块3课文对照翻译百度上传.docx

牛津高中英语模块3课文对照翻译百度上传.docx

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牛津高中英语模块3课文对照翻译XX上传

牛津高中英语模块3课文对照-翻译-XX上传

Unit1

Fog

Fogwarning

WhenPollylefthomethatmorning,thecitywasalreadycoveredinagreymist.Atlunch,theradioforecastthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Atfouro'clock,Pollyleft　workandsteppedoutintothefog.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.　　

NobusestoKingStreet

Onceoutinthestreet,shewalkedquicklytowardsherusualbusstop.

‘Howfarareyougoing?

’thebusconductoraskedherbeforehetookherfare.

‘KingStreet.’saidPolly.

‘Sorry，Miss’repliedtheman,‘thetruthisthatitistoofoggyforthebustorunthatfar.TaketheUndergroundtoGreenPark.Theweathermightbebetterthereandyoumightbeabletogetataxi.’

Atallman

AsPollyobservedthepassengersonthetrain,shehadafeelingthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkovercoat.AtlastthetrainarrivedatGreenParkstation.Whiletherestofthepassengersweregettingout,sheglancedatthefacesaroundher.Thetallmanwasnowheretobesoon.

Footsteps

WhenPollygottothestationentrance,itwasempty.Outside,wherevershelookedthefoglaylikeathick,greycloud.Therewasnooneinsight.PollysetofftowardsParkStreet.Assheheardaman’svoiceinherearsaying‘Sorry.’Themanmovedaway.Shecouldfeelherheartbeatingwithfear.

Thehelpfulstranger

Thensheheardthesoundagain-softfootstepsbehindher.Aminutebefore,shehadwishedforsomeonetocomealong.Nowshewantedtorun,butfearheldherstill.Thefootstepsseemedclosenow.Thenaman’svoicecameoutofthedarkness.‘Isanybodythere?

’

Pollyhesitated.Atlastsheanswered,‘Hello,IthinkI’mlost.’

Afewsecondslater,ahandreachedoutandgraspedherarm.Pollyfoundherselfstaringupatthefaceofanoldmanwithabeard.

‘MaybeIcanhelpyou.Whichroaddoyouwant?

’heasked.

‘Iliveat86KingStreet.’Pollyreplied.

‘Justtakemyhand.’saidtheman.‘Comewithme.You’llbeallright.’HetookPolly’shand.‘Watchoutforthestephere.’

Inhisotherhandthemancarriedastick.Pollyheardithitthestep.‘Icanremembersometerriblefogs,butmaybethatwasbeforeyourtime.Ican’tseeyourface,butyousoundyoung.Howoldareyou?

’

‘Justtwenty.’answeredPolly.

‘Ah,twenty!

Aniceagetobe.Iwasyoungonce.Nowwe’reatthecrossroads.Turnlefthere.’

‘I’mquitelostnow.Areyousureyouknowtheway?

’Pollywasbeginningtofeelfrightenedagain.’

‘Ofcourse.Youreallyshouldn’tfeelanxious,’Heheldherhandmorefirmly.

Thegratefulhelper

‘Hereweare.KingStreet.’Hestopped.

‘Thankyousomuchforcomingtomyaid.’saidPollyinrelief.‘Wouldyouliketocomeinandrestforawhile?

’

‘It’sveryniceofyou.’saidtheman,‘butI’llbeoff.Theremaybemorepeoplelosttoday,andI’dliketohelpthem.Yousee,afogthisbadisrare.Itgivesmethechancetopaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivemewhenit’ssunny.Ablindpersonlikemecan’tgetacrosstheroadwithouthelp,exceptinafoglikethis.’

P18

Project

Sharkattacks

Therearenearly400differenttypesofsharks,butonlyabout30typesareknowntohaveattackedhumanbeings.Manypeopleknowthatthemostdangeroussharkisthegreatwhiteshark,probablybecausetheyhaveseenthefilmJaws.However,twoothersharksarealsoratherdangerous:

thetigersharkandthebullshark.Contrarytowhatmanypeoplemightassume,evidenceshowsthatsharksseldomattackhumans.Therearethreetypesofshark

attacks.Inthemaintype,thesharkattacksyoubecauseitmistakesyouforafish,butwhenittasteshumanfleshitdecidestogiveupandswimsaway.Inthesecondtype,thesharkpushesyouwithitsnosetofindoutifyouarefittobeeaten,andthenbitesyouifitthinksyouare.Inthethirdtype,thesharkwaitsforyoutoswimby,andthenattacksyousuddenly.Thelasttwotypesofattackmoreoftenresultinthedeathofhumans.

Toreducetheriskofasharkattack,youshouldfollowthesesuggestions.

Donotswiminthedark.Sharkscanstillseeyoubutyoucannotseethem.

Donotgoswimmingintheoceanifyouhaveafreshwound.Sharkscansmellbloodoveralongdistance.

Donotwearbrightclothingorjewellery,becausesharksareattractedtotheflashof,coloursandbrightobjects.Stayingroups,assharksusuallyavoidlargenumbersofpeople.

Recently,sharkattackshavebeenincreasingaswatersportsarebecomingmorepopular.Ifasharkattacksyou,followtheadvicebelow.

Keepcalm.Donotpanic.

Hitthesharkonthenosewithyourfist.

Stickyourfingerintheshark'seye.

Don'tbefrightenedbysharks:

you

are3otimesmorelikelytobehitbylightningthanbeattackedbyashark.

Thewonderfulworldofpigeons

Itisnight.Allisquiet.Thesoldiersareasleepwhileaguardwatchesforthe

enemy.Thereisaflash,andthesoundofguns!

Theyarebeingattacked!

Hundredsofenemysoldiersrushtowardsthem.Theyareallgoingtobe

killedunlesstheygethelp.Whatshouldtheydo?

Anofficerwritesashortmessagequicklyonasmallpieceofpaper:

'Being

attacked!

Hurry!

'

Herollsupthepaperandputsitintoasmallcase,andthenreachesintoa

cageandgetsabird.Attachingthemessagetoitsleg,hesetsthebirdloose.It

immediatelyfliesintotheairanddisappearsinthedark.

Willthebirdarriveintime?

Willtheybesaved?

Thoughitmayseemhardtobelieve,thebirdtheofficerusesisthesamebird

oftenseeninpublicparks--thepigeon.Pigeonshaveawonderfulsenseof

directionandcanfindtheirwayhomeoverlongdistances.Indeed,pigeons

havebeenknowntoflyhomefromasfarawayas1,800kilometres.Thatis

whypigeonshavebeenusedsinceancienttimestocarrythenewsoreven

themail.However,itwasinwarthattheyfoundtheirgreatestuse.During

bothWorldWarIandII,pigeonswereemployedbyarmiestocarrymessages

toandfromthefrontlines,savingthelivesofmanysoldiersandeven

helpingwinsomeimportantvictories.

Howdopigeonsfindtheirway?

Pigeonsappeartohaveacompassinside

themthattellsthemwhichwayisnorth.Howthiscompassworksremainsa

mystery.Ofcourse,sinceacompassaloneisnotenoughtofindone'sway,

theyalsoappeartousetheirsightandeventheirsenseofsmelltotellthem

whichwaytheyshouldgo.Unlikehumans,theynevergetlostandcan

alwaysfindtheirwayhome.

Unit2

Englishanditshistory

Allthroughhistory,peoplefrommanydifferentcountriesandcultureshavelivedtogetherinBritain.TheEnglishlanguageismadeupofthegrammarandvocabularythesepeoplebroughttoBritain.ThatiswhyEnglishhassomanydifficultrulesthatconfusepeople.

OldEnglish

OldEnglishisverydifferentfromtheEnglishwespeaknowadays.Infact,wewouldnotbeabletounderstanditifweheardittoday.Beforethe5thcentury,peopleinBritainallspokealanguagecalledCeltic.ThentwoGermanicgroupsfromtheEuropeanmainland—theAnglesandtheSaxons—occupiedBritain.OldEnglishconsistedofamixtureoftheirlanguages.（BoththeEnglishlanguageandtheEnglishpeoplearenamedaftertheAngles;thewordAnglewasspeltEngleinOldEnglish.）AsidefromplacenamessuchasLondon,veryfewCelticwordsbecamepartofOldEnglish.Attheendofthe9thcentury,theVikings,peoplefromNorthernEuropeancountriessuchasDenmarkandNorway,begantomovetoBritain.Theybroughtwiththemtheirlanguages,whichalsomixedwithOldEnglish.Bythe10thcentury,OldEnglishhadbecometheofficiallanguageofEngland.

WhenwespeakEnglishtoday,wesometimesfeelpuzzledaboutwhichwordsorphrasestouse.ThisisbecauseEnglishhasmanywordsandphrasesfromdifferentlanguages,butwithsimilarmeanings.Forexample,thewordsickcamefromawordonceusedbytheAnglesandtheSaxons,whileillcamefromawordonceusedbytheNorwegians.

MiddleEnglish

MiddleEnglishisthenamegiventotheEnglishusedfromaroundthe12thtothe15thcenturies.ManythingsplayedapartinthedevelopmentofthisnewtypeofEnglish.ThemostimportantcontributionwasfromtheNormans,aFrench-speakingpeoplewhodefeatedEnglandandtookcontrolofthecountryin1066.However,theNormanConquestdidnotaffectEnglishasmushastheAnglesandtheSaxons’victoryabout600yearsearlier,whichledtoOldEnglishreplacingCeltic.EventhoughtheNormansspokeFrenchfortheentire250yearstheyruledEngland,FrenchdidnotreplaceEnglishasthefirstlanguage.Ontheotherhand,theEnglishlanguagedidborrowmanywordsfromFrench.Thisresultedinevenmorewordswithsimilarmeanings,suchasanswer（fromOldEnglish）andreply（fromOldFrench）.Itisinterestingtolearnhowthewordsformostanimalsraisedforfood,suchascow,sheepandpig,camefromOldEnglish.However,thewordsforthemeatoftheseanimals,whichwasservedtotheNormans,camefromOldFrench:

beef,mutton,porkandbacon.

OldFrenchmadeothercontributionstoMiddleEnglishaswell.InOldEnglish,theGermanicwayofmakingwordspluralwasused.Forexample,theysaidhouseninsteadofhouses,andshoeninsteadofshoes.AftertheNormanstookcontrol,theybeganusingtheFrenchwayofmakingplurals,addingan-stohouseandshoe.OnlyafewwordskepttheirGermanicpluralforms,suchasman/menandchild/children.

AftertheNormanConquest,high-classpeoplespokeFrenchwhilecommonpeoplespokeEnglish.However,bythelatterhalfofthe14thcentury,EnglishhadcomeintowidespreaduseamongallclassesinEngland.In1399,HenryⅣbecameKingofEngland.HismothertonguewasEnglish,andheusedEnglishforallofficialevents.

ModernEnglish

ModernEnglishappearedduringtheRenaissanceinthe16th