牛津译林版学年高一下学期英语期中综合训练.docx
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牛津译林版学年高一下学期英语期中综合训练
2018-2019学年高一下学期英语期中综合训练
一、阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
Fouryearsago,weaskedourselves:
whatifwecouldcreateashoppingexperiencewithnowaitinginlinesandnocheckout?
Orcouldwecreateaphysicalstorewherecustomerscouldsimplytakewhattheywantandgo?
OuranswertothosequestionsisAmazonGo,whereyoucouldexperiencetheideaof“justwalkoutshopping”.
AmazonGoisanewkindofstorewithnocheckoutrequired.Wecreatedtheworld’smostadvancedshoppingtechnology,soyouneverhavetowaitinline.Withour“justwalkoutshopping”experience,simplyusetheAmazonGoapptoenterthestore,taketheproductsyouwant,andgo!
Nolines,nocheckout.
Ourcheckout-freeshoppingexperienceismadepossiblebythesametypesoftechnologiesusedinself-drivingcars:
computervision,sensorfusion,anddeeplearning.Our“justwalkouttechnology”automaticallydetectswhenproductsaretakenfromorreturnedtotheshelvesandkeepstrackoftheminyourvirtualcart.Whenyou’redoneshopping,youcanjustleavethestore.Shortlyafter,we’llchargeyourAmazonaccountandsendyouareceipt.
Weofferdeliciousready-to-eatbreakfast,lunch,dinner,andsnackoptionsmadefresheverydaybyouron-sitechefsandfavoritelocalkitchensandbakeries.Ourselectionoffoodstuffrangesfrombreadandmilktocheesesandlocallymadechocolates.You’llfindwell-knownbrandswelove,plusspecialfindswe’reexcitedtointroducetocustomers.Foraquickhome-cookeddinner,pickuponeofourchef-designedAmazonMealKits,andyoucanmakeamealfortwoinabout30minutes.
Our1,800-square-footshoppingspaceisconvenientlycompact(紧凑的),sobusycustomerscangetinandoutfast.Itislocatedat2131,7thAve,Seattle,WA,onthecornerof7thAvenueandBlanchardStreet.AllyouneedisanAmazonaccount,asupportedsmartphone,andthefreeAmazonGoapp.
AmazonGoiscurrentlyonlyopentoAmazonemployeesinourtestingprogram,andwillbeopentothepublicsoon.
1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatAmazonGo___________.
A.sellsallkindsofgoodsB.isopentothepublic
C.isacheckout-freestoreD.usesunknowntechnologies
2.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph3?
A.WhenAmazonGocharges.B.HowAmazonGoworks.
C.WhereAmazonGolies.D.WhatAmazonGosells.
3.CustomerspayfortheproductsfromAmazonGoby___________.
A.usingtheirAmazonaccountsB.walkingoutofthestore
C.scanningsmartphoneswhenleavingD.payingcashatthecounter
4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto___________.
A.tellpeopleoftheshoppingexperienceB.advisepeopletoworkforAmazon
C.informpeopleofanewconceptstoreD.encouragepeopletoshoponline
B
Whenimportanteventsarehappeningaroundtheworld,mostpeopleturntotraditionalmediasources,suchasCNNandBBCforthenews.However,duringthewarinIraqin2003,manypeoplefollowedthewarfromthepointofviewofanunknownIraqicitizenwhocalledhimself“SalamPax”(SalamPaxmeanspeace).
SalamPaxwroteadiaryabouteverydaylifeinBaghdadduringthewar,andposteditonhiswebsite.Pax’sonlinediarywasakindofwebsiteknownasa“blog”.Blogsareonlinediaries,usuallykeptbyindividuals,butsometimesbycompaniesandothergroupsofpeople.TheyarethefastestgrowingtypesofwebsiteontheInternet.
Ablogdiffersfromatraditionalwebsiteinseveralways.Mostimportantly,itisupdatedmuchmoreregularly.Manyblogsareupdatedeveryday,andsomeareupdatedseveraltimesaday.Also,mostblogsusespecialsoftwareorwebsites,whichcanhelpordinarypeopleeasilysetupandstartwritingtheirownblogs.
Therearemanydifferentkindsofblogs.ThemostpopulartypeisanonlinediaryoflinkswheretheblogwritersurfstheInternetandthenpostslinkstositesornewsarticlesthattheyfindinteresting,withafewcommentsabouteachone.Othertypesarepersonaldiaries,wherethewritertalksabouttheirlifeandfeelings.Sometimestheseblogscanbeverypersonal.
Thereisanotherkindofblogging,called“moblogging”,shortfor“mobileblogging”.
Mobloggersusemobilephoneswithcamerastotakephotos,whicharepostedinstantlytotheInternet.TheuseofmobilephonesinthiswaymadetheheadlinesinSingaporewhenahighschoolstudentpostedamoviehehadtakenofateachershoutingatanotherstudentontheInternet.Manypeoplewereshockedbywhatthestudentdid,andwantedphoneswithcamerastobebannedfromschools.
Manypeoplethinkthatasblogsbecomecommon,newsreportingwillrelylessonbigmediacompanies,andmoreonordinarypeoplepostingnewstotheInternet.Theythinkthatthenthenewswillbelesslikealecture,andmorelikeaconversation,whereanyonecanjoinin.
5.WhichstatementaboutSalamPaxwastrue?
A.HeworkedforCNN.B.SalamPaxwasnothisrealname.
C.Heusedamobilephoneforhisblog.D.HewasfamousasahostinBBC.
6.Whatisthebiggestdifferencebetweenblogsandtraditionalwebsites?
A.Blogsareupdatedmuchmoreoften.
B.Blogscontainpersonalinformation.
C.Blogsusespecialsoftware.
D.Blogscontainlinkstootherwebsites.
7.Accordingtothepassage,inthefutureitislikelythat___________.
A.everyonewillhaveablog
B.bloggingtechnologywillbebanned
C.largemediacompanieswillbeunnecessary
D.peoplewillbeabletolearnthenewsfromotherpointsofview
8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?
A.ThewarinIraq.B.Newtypesofmedia.
C.ThehistoryoftheInternet.D.Theincreaseofusingcomputers.
C
IsYourDietDestroyingtheEnvironment?
Avegetariandietisoftenpraisedforitshealthbenefits.Studieshaveshownthatvegetariansusuallyhavelowerlevelsofheartdiseaseandalowerriskofdiabetesthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Whatmostpeoplearelessawareof,however,aretheeffectsthatavegetariandietcanhaveontheenvironment.
ResearchersfromtheUnionofConcernedScientistsintheUSrecentlystudiedhowconsumerbehavioraffectstheenvironment.Thestudyshowedthatmeatconsumptionisoneofthemainwaysthathumanscandamagetheenvironment,secondonlytotheuseofmotorvehicle.
Then,howcaneatingmeathaveanegativeeffectontheenvironment?
Forastart,allfarmanimalssuchascows,pigs,andsheepgiveoffmethane(沼气)gasbyexpelling(排出)windfromtheirbodies.Onecowcanproduceupto60litersofmethaneeachday.Methanegasisthesecondmostcommongreenhousegasaftercarbondioxide.Manyenvironmentalexpertsnowbelievethatitismoreresponsibleforglobalwarmingthancarbondioxide.Itisestimatedthat25%ofallmethanereleasedintotheatmospherecomesfromfarmanimals.
Anotherwaythatmeatproductionaffectstheenvironmentisthroughtheuseofwaterandland.2,500gallonsofwaterareneededtoproduceonepoundofbeef,whereas20gallonsofwaterareneededtoproduceonepoundofwheat.Oneacreoffarmlandusedforcropproductioncanproduce40,000poundsofpotatoes,30,000poundsofcarrots,or50,000poundsoftomatoes.
Manypeoplenowseethebenefitsofswitchingtoavegetariandiet,notjustforhealthreasons,butalsobecauseitplaysavitalroleinprotectingtheenvironment.However,somenutritionistsadviseagainstswitchingtoatotallystrictvegetarian,orvegandiet.Theybelieveavegandiet,whichexcludesallproductsfromanimalsources,suchascheese,eggs,andmilk,canbeshortofmanynecessaryvitaminsandmineralsourbodiesneed.
Today,manypeopleknowit’simportanttotakebettercareoftheirbodiesandtousetheearth’sresourcesmoreefficiently.Asthisunderstandingspreads,morepeoplemayrealizethattohelptheenvironmentandforthehumanracetosurvive,moreofuswillneedtobecomevegetarians.
9.Theunderlinedword“it”inPara.3refersto___________.
A.expellingwindB.greenhousegasC.carbondioxideD.methanegas
10.ManyfiguresareusedinPara.4toshow___________.
A.growingtomatoeshasthehighestproduction
B.cropproductionisbetterthanmeatproduction
C.meatproductionconsumestoomuchwaterandland
D.farmanimalsarethemainproducerofthemethanegas
11.Whatmessagedoesthepassagewanttoconvey?
A.Ourdietisdestroyingthesurroundings.
B.Raisingfarmanimalsaffectstheenvironment.
C.Avegetariandiethelpstoprotecttheenvironment.
D.Moreandmorepeoplearebecomingstrictvegetarians.
D
Doyouthinkyouwouldworkoutmoreifyouwereofferedmoneytodoso?
Sciencehasshownthatmoneycangivepeoplemotivationtoworkout,butperhapsnotinthewaythatyouthink.
AccordingtoastudypublishedintheAnnalsofInternalMedicineJournal,thebeststrategyisn’tofferingmoney;it’sgivingsomeonemoney,thenthreateningtotakeitaway.
Researchersgave281peoplethegoalofwalking7,000stepseverydayover13weeks.
Tomotivatethepeoplewhotookparttoreachthegoal,researchersdividedthemintothreegroups.
Peopleinthefirstgroupreceived$1,40(9yuan)eachdayaslongastheyfinished7,000steps,thesecondgroupwasonlyabletocollectthe$1.40iftheyhadreached7,000stepsthedaybefore,andthethirdgroupwasgiven$42atthebeginningofeachmonthand$1.40wastakenawayeverytimesomeonefailedtomeetthegoal.
Thethirdgroupmettheirdailyfitnessgoals50percentmoreoftenthantheothertwogroups,showingthatpeopleweremostmotivatedtowalkbythefearoflosingmoney.
“Peoplearemoremotivatedbylossesthangains,andtheylikeimmediategratification.”studyauthorDrMiteshPatel,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUS,toldCNN.“Theywanttoberewardedtoday,notnextyearorfarintothefuture.”
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