牛津译林版学年高一下学期英语期中综合训练.docx

牛津译林版学年高一下学期英语期中综合训练.docx

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牛津译林版学年高一下学期英语期中综合训练

2018-2019学年高一下学期英语期中综合训练

一、阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

A

Fouryearsago,weaskedourselves:

whatifwecouldcreateashoppingexperiencewithnowaitinginlinesandnocheckout?

Orcouldwecreateaphysicalstorewherecustomerscouldsimplytakewhattheywantandgo?

OuranswertothosequestionsisAmazonGo,whereyoucouldexperiencetheideaof“justwalkoutshopping”.

AmazonGoisanewkindofstorewithnocheckoutrequired.Wecreatedtheworld’smostadvancedshoppingtechnology,soyouneverhavetowaitinline.Withour“justwalkoutshopping”experience,simplyusetheAmazonGoapptoenterthestore,taketheproductsyouwant,andgo!

Nolines,nocheckout.

Ourcheckout-freeshoppingexperienceismadepossiblebythesametypesoftechnologiesusedinself-drivingcars:

computervision,sensorfusion,anddeeplearning.Our“justwalkouttechnology”automaticallydetectswhenproductsaretakenfromorreturnedtotheshelvesandkeepstrackoftheminyourvirtualcart.Whenyou’redoneshopping,youcanjustleavethestore.Shortlyafter,we’llchargeyourAmazonaccountandsendyouareceipt.

Weofferdeliciousready-to-eatbreakfast,lunch,dinner,andsnackoptionsmadefresheverydaybyouron-sitechefsandfavoritelocalkitchensandbakeries.Ourselectionoffoodstuffrangesfrombreadandmilktocheesesandlocallymadechocolates.You’llfindwell-knownbrandswelove,plusspecialfindswe’reexcitedtointroducetocustomers.Foraquickhome-cookeddinner,pickuponeofourchef-designedAmazonMealKits,andyoucanmakeamealfortwoinabout30minutes.

Our1,800-square-footshoppingspaceisconvenientlycompact（紧凑的）,sobusycustomerscangetinandoutfast.Itislocatedat2131,7thAve,Seattle,WA,onthecornerof7thAvenueandBlanchardStreet.AllyouneedisanAmazonaccount,asupportedsmartphone,andthefreeAmazonGoapp.

AmazonGoiscurrentlyonlyopentoAmazonemployeesinourtestingprogram,andwillbeopentothepublicsoon.

1.Fromthepassage,wecanlearnthatAmazonGo___________.

A.sellsallkindsofgoodsB.isopentothepublic

C.isacheckout-freestoreD.usesunknowntechnologies

2.WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph3?

A.WhenAmazonGocharges.B.HowAmazonGoworks.

C.WhereAmazonGolies.D.WhatAmazonGosells.

3.CustomerspayfortheproductsfromAmazonGoby___________.

A.usingtheirAmazonaccountsB.walkingoutofthestore

C.scanningsmartphoneswhenleavingD.payingcashatthecounter

4.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto___________.

A.tellpeopleoftheshoppingexperienceB.advisepeopletoworkforAmazon

C.informpeopleofanewconceptstoreD.encouragepeopletoshoponline

B

Whenimportanteventsarehappeningaroundtheworld,mostpeopleturntotraditionalmediasources,suchasCNNandBBCforthenews.However,duringthewarinIraqin2003,manypeoplefollowedthewarfromthepointofviewofanunknownIraqicitizenwhocalledhimself“SalamPax”（SalamPaxmeanspeace）.

SalamPaxwroteadiaryabouteverydaylifeinBaghdadduringthewar,andposteditonhiswebsite.Pax’sonlinediarywasakindofwebsiteknownasa“blog”.Blogsareonlinediaries,usuallykeptbyindividuals,butsometimesbycompaniesandothergroupsofpeople.TheyarethefastestgrowingtypesofwebsiteontheInternet.

Ablogdiffersfromatraditionalwebsiteinseveralways.Mostimportantly,itisupdatedmuchmoreregularly.Manyblogsareupdatedeveryday,andsomeareupdatedseveraltimesaday.Also,mostblogsusespecialsoftwareorwebsites,whichcanhelpordinarypeopleeasilysetupandstartwritingtheirownblogs.

Therearemanydifferentkindsofblogs.ThemostpopulartypeisanonlinediaryoflinkswheretheblogwritersurfstheInternetandthenpostslinkstositesornewsarticlesthattheyfindinteresting,withafewcommentsabouteachone.Othertypesarepersonaldiaries,wherethewritertalksabouttheirlifeandfeelings.Sometimestheseblogscanbeverypersonal.

Thereisanotherkindofblogging,called“moblogging”,shortfor“mobileblogging”.

Mobloggersusemobilephoneswithcamerastotakephotos,whicharepostedinstantlytotheInternet.TheuseofmobilephonesinthiswaymadetheheadlinesinSingaporewhenahighschoolstudentpostedamoviehehadtakenofateachershoutingatanotherstudentontheInternet.Manypeoplewereshockedbywhatthestudentdid,andwantedphoneswithcamerastobebannedfromschools.

Manypeoplethinkthatasblogsbecomecommon,newsreportingwillrelylessonbigmediacompanies,andmoreonordinarypeoplepostingnewstotheInternet.Theythinkthatthenthenewswillbelesslikealecture,andmorelikeaconversation,whereanyonecanjoinin.

5.WhichstatementaboutSalamPaxwastrue?

A.HeworkedforCNN.B.SalamPaxwasnothisrealname.

C.Heusedamobilephoneforhisblog.D.HewasfamousasahostinBBC.

6.Whatisthebiggestdifferencebetweenblogsandtraditionalwebsites?

A.Blogsareupdatedmuchmoreoften.

B.Blogscontainpersonalinformation.

C.Blogsusespecialsoftware.

D.Blogscontainlinkstootherwebsites.

7.Accordingtothepassage,inthefutureitislikelythat___________.

A.everyonewillhaveablog

B.bloggingtechnologywillbebanned

C.largemediacompanieswillbeunnecessary

D.peoplewillbeabletolearnthenewsfromotherpointsofview

8.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

A.ThewarinIraq.B.Newtypesofmedia.

C.ThehistoryoftheInternet.D.Theincreaseofusingcomputers.

C

IsYourDietDestroyingtheEnvironment?

Avegetariandietisoftenpraisedforitshealthbenefits.Studieshaveshownthatvegetariansusuallyhavelowerlevelsofheartdiseaseandalowerriskofdiabetesthanpeoplewhoeatmeat.Whatmostpeoplearelessawareof,however,aretheeffectsthatavegetariandietcanhaveontheenvironment.

ResearchersfromtheUnionofConcernedScientistsintheUSrecentlystudiedhowconsumerbehavioraffectstheenvironment.Thestudyshowedthatmeatconsumptionisoneofthemainwaysthathumanscandamagetheenvironment,secondonlytotheuseofmotorvehicle.

Then,howcaneatingmeathaveanegativeeffectontheenvironment?

Forastart,allfarmanimalssuchascows,pigs,andsheepgiveoffmethane（沼气）gasbyexpelling（排出）windfromtheirbodies.Onecowcanproduceupto60litersofmethaneeachday.Methanegasisthesecondmostcommongreenhousegasaftercarbondioxide.Manyenvironmentalexpertsnowbelievethatitismoreresponsibleforglobalwarmingthancarbondioxide.Itisestimatedthat25%ofallmethanereleasedintotheatmospherecomesfromfarmanimals.

Anotherwaythatmeatproductionaffectstheenvironmentisthroughtheuseofwaterandland.2,500gallonsofwaterareneededtoproduceonepoundofbeef,whereas20gallonsofwaterareneededtoproduceonepoundofwheat.Oneacreoffarmlandusedforcropproductioncanproduce40,000poundsofpotatoes,30,000poundsofcarrots,or50,000poundsoftomatoes.

Manypeoplenowseethebenefitsofswitchingtoavegetariandiet,notjustforhealthreasons,butalsobecauseitplaysavitalroleinprotectingtheenvironment.However,somenutritionistsadviseagainstswitchingtoatotallystrictvegetarian,orvegandiet.Theybelieveavegandiet,whichexcludesallproductsfromanimalsources,suchascheese,eggs,andmilk,canbeshortofmanynecessaryvitaminsandmineralsourbodiesneed.

Today,manypeopleknowit’simportanttotakebettercareoftheirbodiesandtousetheearth’sresourcesmoreefficiently.Asthisunderstandingspreads,morepeoplemayrealizethattohelptheenvironmentandforthehumanracetosurvive,moreofuswillneedtobecomevegetarians.

9.Theunderlinedword“it”inPara.3refersto___________.

A.expellingwindB.greenhousegasC.carbondioxideD.methanegas

10.ManyfiguresareusedinPara.4toshow___________.

A.growingtomatoeshasthehighestproduction

B.cropproductionisbetterthanmeatproduction

C.meatproductionconsumestoomuchwaterandland

D.farmanimalsarethemainproducerofthemethanegas

11.Whatmessagedoesthepassagewanttoconvey?

A.Ourdietisdestroyingthesurroundings.

B.Raisingfarmanimalsaffectstheenvironment.

C.Avegetariandiethelpstoprotecttheenvironment.

D.Moreandmorepeoplearebecomingstrictvegetarians.

D

Doyouthinkyouwouldworkoutmoreifyouwereofferedmoneytodoso?

Sciencehasshownthatmoneycangivepeoplemotivationtoworkout,butperhapsnotinthewaythatyouthink.

AccordingtoastudypublishedintheAnnalsofInternalMedicineJournal,thebeststrategyisn’tofferingmoney;it’sgivingsomeonemoney,thenthreateningtotakeitaway.

Researchersgave281peoplethegoalofwalking7,000stepseverydayover13weeks.

Tomotivatethepeoplewhotookparttoreachthegoal,researchersdividedthemintothreegroups.

Peopleinthefirstgroupreceived$1,40（9yuan）eachdayaslongastheyfinished7,000steps,thesecondgroupwasonlyabletocollectthe$1.40iftheyhadreached7,000stepsthedaybefore,andthethirdgroupwasgiven$42atthebeginningofeachmonthand$1.40wastakenawayeverytimesomeonefailedtomeetthegoal.

Thethirdgroupmettheirdailyfitnessgoals50percentmoreoftenthantheothertwogroups,showingthatpeopleweremostmotivatedtowalkbythefearoflosingmoney.

“Peoplearemoremotivatedbylossesthangains,andtheylikeimmediategratification.”studyauthorDrMiteshPatel,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofPennsylvaniaintheUS,toldCNN.“Theywanttoberewardedtoday,notnextyearorfarintothefuture.”

Ourbra