研究生英语试题及参考答案1.docx

研究生英语试题及参考答案1.docx

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研究生英语试题及参考答案1

 SectionIUseofEnglish

    Directions:

    Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

    AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteras“abodilyexerciseprecioustohealth.”But---__1___someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes__2___short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,___3_heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto__4__,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave__5___benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.

    __6__,insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe__7__,studiesdatingbacktothe1930’sindicatethatlaughter__8___muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.

    Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9__theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof___10___feedback,thatimproveanindividual’semotionalstate.__11____oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted____12___physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry___13___theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.

    Althoughsadnessalso____14___tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow__15___muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwürzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto__16___apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile–orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea（n）__17___expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,____19___thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround__20__,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.

    1．[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like

    2．[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[D]produce

    3．[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[D]determining

    4．[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[D]observe

    5．[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable

    6．[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief

    7．[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[D]expected

    8．[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes

    9．[A]aggravate[B]generate[C]moderate[D]enhance

    10．[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal

    11．[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor

    12．[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at

    13．[A]unless[B]until[C]if[D]because

    14．[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]suppresses

    15．[A]into[B]from[C]towards[D]beyond

    16．[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[D]hold

    17．[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent

    18．[A]adapted[B]catered[C]turned[D]reacted

    19．[A]suggesting[B]requiring[C]mentioning[D]supposing

    20．[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[D]Conversely

    SectionIIReadingComprehension

    PartA

    Directions:

    Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

    Text1

    ThedecisionoftheNewYorkPhilharmonictohireAlanGilbertasitsnextmusicdirectorhasbeenthetalkoftheclassical-musicworldeversincethesuddenannouncementofhisappointmentin2009.Forthemostpart,theresponsehasbeenfavorable,tosaytheleast.“Hooray!

Atlast!

”wroteAnthonyTommasini,asober-sidedclassical-musiccritic.

    Oneofthereasonswhytheappointmentcameassuchasurprise,however,isthatGilbertiscomparativelylittleknown.EvenTommasini,whohadadvocatedGilbert’sappointmentintheTimes,callshim“anunpretentiousmusicianwithnoairoftheformidableconductorabouthim.”AsadescriptionofthenextmusicdirectorofanorchestrathathashithertobeenledbymusicianslikeGustavMahlerandPierreBoulez,thatseemslikelytohavestruckatleastsomeTimesreadersasfaintpraise.

    Formypart,IhavenoideawhetherGilbertisagreatconductororevenagoodone.Tobesure,heperformsanimpressivevarietyofinterestingcompositions,butitisnotnecessaryformetovisitAveryFisherHall,oranywhereelse,tohearinterestingorchestralmusic.AllIhavetodoistogotomyCDshelf,orbootupmycomputeranddownloadstillmorerecordedmusicfromiTunes.

    Devotedconcertgoerswhoreplythatrecordingsarenosubstituteforliveperformancearemissingthepoint.Forthetime,attention,andmoneyoftheart-lovingpublic,classicalinstrumentalistsmustcompetenotonlywithoperahouses,dancetroupes,theatercompanies,andmuseums,butalsowiththerecordedperformancesofthegreatclassicalmusiciansofthe20thcentury.Thererecordingsarecheap,availableeverywhere,andveryoftenmuchhigherinartisticqualitythantoday’sliveperformances;moreover,theycanbe“consumed”atatimeandplaceofthelistener’schoosing.Thewidespreadavailabilityofsuchrecordingshasthusbroughtaboutacrisisintheinstitutionofthetraditionalclassicalconcert.

    Onepossibleresponseisforclassicalperformerstoprogramattractivenewmusicthatisnotyetavailableonrecord.Gilbert’sowninterestinnewmusichasbeenwidelynoted:

AlexRoss,aclassical-musiccritic,hasdescribedhimasamanwhoiscapableofturningthePhilharmonicinto“amarkedlydifferent,morevibrantorganization.”Butwhatwillbethenatureofthatdifference?

Merelyexpandingtheorchestra’srepertoirewillnotbeenough.IfGilbertandthePhilharmonicaretosucceed,theymustfirstchangetherelationshipbetweenAmerica’soldestorchestraandthenewaudienceithopstoattract.

    21.WelearnfromPara.1thatGilbert’sappointmenthas

    [A]incurredcriticism.

    [B]raisedsuspicion.

    [C]receivedacclaim.

    [D]arousedcuriosity.

    22.TommasiniregardsGilbertasanartistwhois

    [A]influential.

    [B]modest.

    [C]respectable.

    [D]talented.

    23.Theauthorbelievesthatthedevotedconcertgoers

    [A]ignoretheexpensesofliveperformances.

    [B]rejectmostkindsofrecordedperformances.

    [C]exaggeratethevarietyofliveperformances.

    [D]overestimatethevalueofliveperformances.

    24.Accordingtothetext,whichofthefollowingistrueofrecordings?

    [A]Theyareofteninferiortoliveconcertsinquality.

    [B]Theyareeasilyaccessibletothegeneralpublic.

    [C]Theyhelpimprovethequalityofmusic.

    [D]Theyhaveonlycoveredmasterpieces.

    25.RegardingGilbert’sroleinrevitalizingthePhilharmonic,theauthorfeels

    [A]doubtful.

    [B]enthusiastic.

    [C]confident.

    [D]puzzled.

    Text2

    WhenLiamMcGeedepartedaspresidentofBankofAmericainAugust,hisexplanationwassurprisinglystraightup.Ratherthancloakinghisexitintheusualvagueexcuses,hecamerightoutandsaidhewasleaving“topursuemygoalofrunningacompany.”Broadcastinghisambitionwas“verymuchmydecision,”McGeesays.Withintwoweeks,hewastalkingforthefirsttimewiththeboardofHartfordFinancialServicesGroup,whichnamedhimCEOandchairmanonSeptember29.

    McGeesaysleavingwithoutapositionlinedupgavehimtimetoreflectonwhatkindofcompanyhewantedtorun.Italsosentaclearmessagetotheoutsideworldabouthisaspirations.AndMcGeeisn’talone.InrecentweekstheNo.2executivesatAvonandAmericanExpressquitwiththeexplanationthattheywerelookingforaCEOpost.Asboardsscrutinizesuccessionplansinresponsetoshareholderpressure,executiveswhodon’tgetthenodalsomaywishtomoveon.Aturbulentbusinessenvironmentalsohasseniormanagerscautiousoflettingvaguepronouncementscloudtheirreputations.

    Asthefirstsignsofrecoverybegintotakehold,deputychiefsmaybemorewillingtomakethejumpwithoutanet.Inthethirdquarter,CEOturnoverwasdown23%fromayearagoasnervousboardsstuckwiththeleaderstheyhad,accordingtoLiberumResearch.Astheeconomypicksup,opportunitieswillaboundforaspiringleaders.

    Thedecisiontoquitaseniorpositiontolookforabetteroneisunconventional.ForyearsexecutivesandheadhuntershaveadheredtotherulethatthemostattractiveCEOcandidatesaretheoneswhomustbepoached.SaysKorn/FerryseniorpartnerDennisCarey:

”Ican’tthinkofasinglesearchI’vedonewhereaboardhasnotinstructedmetolookatsittingCEOsfirst.”

    Thosewhojumpedwithoutajobhaven’talwayslandedintoppositionsquickly.EllenMarramquitaschiefofTropicanaadecadeage,sayingshewantedtobeaCEO.ItwasayearbeforeshebecameheadofatinyInternet-basedcommoditiesexchange.RobertWillumstadleftCitigroupin2005withambitionstobeaCEO.Hefinallytookthatpostatamajorfinancialinstitutionthreeyearslater.

    Manyrecruiterssaytheolddisgraceisfadingfortopperformers.Thefinancialcrisishasmadeitmoreacceptabletobebetweenjobsortoleaveabadone.“Thetraditionalrulewasit’ssafertostaywhereyouare,butthat’sbeenfundamentallyinverted,”saysoneheadhunter.“Thepeoplewho’vebeenhurttheworstarethosewho’vestayedtoolong.”

    26.WhenMcGeeannouncedhisdeparture,his