北理工《综合英语》期末考试精选题汇总含答案解析 36.docx

北理工《综合英语》期末考试精选题汇总含答案解析 36.docx

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北理工《综合英语》期末考试精选题汇总含答案解析36

（387）北京理工大学远程教育学院2018-2019学年第一学期

《综合英语》期末试卷（模拟试卷1）

校外学习中心学号姓名成绩

考试方式：

闭卷

答题要求：

一、第一至第四部分的正确答案一律按要求用2B铅笔涂在答题卡上（从方框的左端穿过字母中间划向方框右端，不要超出方框两端，浓度盖过字母底色）.

第五、六部分的翻译和写作写在末尾页，并在相应处填写考生信息.考试结束时只交答题卡和试卷答题纸.

二、机读卡填写方法：

远程学生直接用签字笔或圆珠笔把15位准考证号填入答题卡学生代号下的方框内，再用2B铅笔填涂下面相应的数字方框.函授学生第一位先填"0"，然后填写14位学号.非2B铅笔标准填涂或信息有误者，答题卡将无法读出而显示0分.

请仔细填涂个人信息并核对！

PartI：

ReadingComprehension（2*15=30）

Directions:

Thereare3passagesinthispart.Eachpassageisfollowedby5questionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandblackenthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheet.

Passage1

Aginghappenstoallofus,andisgenerallythoughtofasanaturalpartoflife.Itwouldseemsillytocallsuchathinga“disease.”

Ontheotherhand,scientistsareincreasinglylearningthatagingandbiologicalagearetwodifferentthings,andthattheformerisakeyriskfactorforconditionssuchasheartdisease,cancerandmanymore.Inthatlight,agingitselfmightbeseenassomethingtreatable,thewayyouwouldtreathighbloodpressureoravitamindeficiency.

BiophysicistAlexZhavoronkovbelievesthatagingshouldbeconsideredadisease.Hesaidthatdescribingagingasadiseasecreatesincentivestodeveloptreatments.

“Ituntiesthehandsofthepharmaceutical（制药的）industrysothattheycanbegintreatingthediseaseandnotjustthesideeffects,”hesaid.

‘‘Rightnow,peoplethinkofagingasnaturalandsomethingyoucan’tcontrol:

’hesaid.“Inacademiccircles,peopletakeagingresearchasjustaninterestareawheretheycantrytodevelopinterventions.Themedicalcommunityalsotakesagingforgranted,andcandonothingaboutitexceptkeeppeoplewithinacertainhealthrange.”

Butifagingwererecognizedasadisease,hesaid,“Itwouldattractfundingandchangethewaywedohealthcare.Whatmattersisunderstandingthatagingiscurable.”

“Itwasalwaysknownthatthebodyaccumulatesdamage,”headded.“Theonlywaytocureagingistofindwaystorepairthatdamage.Ithinkofitaspreventivemedicineforage-relatedconditions.''

LeonardHayflick,aprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFrancisco,saidtheideathatagingcanbecuredimpliesthehumanlifespancanbeincreased,whichsomeresearcherssuggestispossible.Hayflickisnotamongthem.

“There’remanypeoplewhorecoverfromcancer,stroke,orheartdisease.Buttheycontinuetoage,becauseagingisseparatefromtheirdisease,”Hayflicksaid.“Evenifthosecausesofdeathwereeliminated,lifeexpectancywouldstillnotgomuchbeyond92years.”

1.Whatdopeoplegenerallybelieveaboutaging?

A）Itshouldcausenoalarmwhatsoever.

B）Theyjustcannotdoanythingaboutit.

C）Itshouldberegardedasakindofdisease.

D）Theycandelayitwithadvancesinscience.

2.Howdomanyscientistsviewagingnow?

A）Itmightbepreventedandtreated.

B）Itcanbeasriskyasheartdisease.

C）Itresultsfromavitamindeficiency.

D）Itisanirreversiblebiologicalprocess.

3.WhatdoesAlexZhavoronkovthinkof“describingagingasadisease”?

A）Itwillpromptpeopletotakeagingmoreseriously.

B）Itwillgreatlyhelpreducethesideeffectsofaging.

C）Itwillfreepharmacistsfromtheconventionalbeliefsaboutaging.

D）Itwillmotivatedoctorsandpharmaciststofindwaystotreataging.

4.Whatdowelearnaboutthemedicalcommunity?

A）Theynowhaveastronginterestinresearchonaging.

B）Theydifferfromtheacademiccirclesintheirviewonaging.

C）Theycancontributetopeople’shealthonlytoalimitedextent.

D）Theyhavewaystointerveneinpeople'sagingprocess.

5.WhatdoesProfessorLeonardHayflickbelieve?

A）Thehumanlifespancannotbeprolonged.

B）Agingishardlyseparablefromdisease.

C）Fewpeoplecanliveuptotheageof92.

D）Heartdiseaseisthemajorcauseofaging.

Passage2

Femaleapplicantstopostdoctoralpositionsingeoscienceswerenearlyhalfaslikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation，comparedwiththeirmalecounterparts.ChristopherIntagliatareports.

Asinmanyotherfields,genderbiasiswidespreadinthesciences.Menscorehigherstartingsalaries,havemorementoring（指导），andhavebetteroddsofbeinghired.Studiesshowthey’realsoperceivedasmorecompetentthanwomeninSTEM（Science,Technology,Engineering,andMathematics）fields.Andnewresearchrevealsthatmenaremorelikelytoreceiveexcellentlettersofrecommendation,too.

“Say，youknow,thisisthebeststudentI’veeverhad,”saysKuheliDutt,asocialscientistanddiversityofficeratColumbiaUniversity’sLamontcampus.“Comparethoseexcellentletterswithamerelygoodletter:

'Thecandidatewasproductive,orintelligent,orasolidscientistorsomethingthat’sclearlysolidpraise，’butnothingthatsinglesoutthecandidateasexceptionalor