高考英语高考英语第二轮复习 阅读理解新闻类.docx
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高考英语高考英语第二轮复习阅读理解新闻类
高考英语阅读理解专项训练.附详解(新闻类)
(1)
LONDON—BritainawokeonEasterMondaytoaperiodofmourningfortheQueenMother,whodiedovertheweekendafteralifespanningacenturyofnoisyandevidentchange.The101-year-oldroyalmatriarchdiedinhersleeplastSaturdaywithQueenElizabeth,herelderandonlysurvivingdaughter,atherbedside.Forawomanwhowasoneofthebest-knownfiguresinBritainformorethan80years—fromtheeraoftintedportraitsontinbiscuitboxesandcigarettecardstotheageoftheInternet,theQueenMotherremainedanenigmatic(不可思议的)andelusive(躲避的)figure.
Sheachievedsucharespectthroughaeons(永世,亿万年)of,first,fawningand,later,intrusivemediafascination,byremainingalmostentirelysilent.Herprivatethoughtswereneverparaded(炫耀)inpublic.Whatthepublicsawwasacharmingandbenignelderlylady,adeptatwinningtheadmirationofpressphotographers,whomshealwaysfavouredwithaparticularsmile.
CHINA’sthirdunmannedspacecraft,ShenzhouⅢ,landedsafelyincentralInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegionMondayafternoon,afterorbitingtheearth108timesinslightlylessthanaweek.Thecraft,whichliftedofffromJiuquaninGansuProvincelastMondaynight,landedaftersuccessfullyconductingachainofflightandscientificexperimentsoveraperiodof162hours.
ApowerfulearthquakejoltedTaiwan,killingfiveconstructionworkers,authorities(官方)said.Over200injurieswarereportedacrosstheisland,mostlyminor,asaresultofSunday’s7.5-magnitudequake.ThequakewascentredoffHualien,180kilometreseastofTaipei.Itstruckat2:
53pmandlastedfornearlyaminute.
1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothenews?
A.TheQueenMotherdiedonEasterMondayalone.
B.TheQueenMotherwasanattractivepersoninherpoliticallife.
C.TheBritishpeoplefeltsorryforthedeathoftheQueenMother.
D.TheQueenMotherwassufferingalotwhenshewasdying.
2.Itcanbeinferredthat_______.
A.thecraftlandedincentralInnerMongoliaunexpectedly
B.ittookthecraftatleast2hourstoorbittheearthonce
C.theChinesescientistsdidalotofexperimentsinspace
D.Chinawassuccessfulinsendinganunmannedspacecraftintospace
3.Thethirdnewsmainlytalksaboutthe_______inTaiwan.
A.politicalmattersB.socialproblems
C.unexpecteddamageD.constructionworkers
【答案与解析】这是3篇新闻报道。
第1篇是关于英国皇太后死亡的消息;第2篇是关于中国发射神舟三号无人飞船的消息;第3篇是关于台湾发生7.5级强烈地震的消息。
1.C。
判断题。
皇太后死的时候有其女儿伊利莎白皇后在身边,排除A项;皇太后没有从政,排除B项;皇太后是在睡觉的时候死去的,D项也排除。
所以答案选C。
2.D。
判断题。
从第3段的几个关键词safely…successful可知A项错误;B项内容在文中没有提及,可排除;而神舟三号为无人飞船,故不会有科学家在太空中做实验,可排除C;既然神舟三号无人飞船已安全着陆,那肯定是已成功发射了。
3.C。
主旨题。
既然台湾发生了地震,那当然是没有预料到的灾害。
A、B、D三项内容离题太远。
(2)
June26,2000—theHumanGenome(基因组)Project,agreat$3billion,15-yeartaskaimedatdrawingthegenetic(遗传的)mapofhumans,isnowmorethan90percentcompleted.Thescientificandmedicalcommunities(团体)areveryexcitedaboutthechancesgeneticresearchprovidesforgettingridofdiseasesandprolonging(延长)humanlife.Butthosecommunitiesandpolicy(政策)makersalsoarecarefulaboutthescientificdoortheyareopeningastheprojectuncoversthemysteriesoflife.
Forthelastfewyears,thegeneticadvancesinthedevelopingfieldofbiotechnology(生物技术)haveprovidesmaterialforallkindsofwork,butthedevelopmentsofmodernscienceinunlockingthesecretsofthehumangeneticcode(密码)haveopenedaworldofpossibilitiesforhumanhealth,aswellasforthepopularimagination.
WhileEuropeanandJapaneseresearchersaremakingrapidprogressindecoding(解码)humanDNA,theleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchisintheUnitedStates,whichbeganin1990,is“unlockingthecode”ofthehumanbodytolearnhowtodefeatfatal(致命的)diseases.Already,theHumanGenomeProjecthasbecomewidelyknownandpraisedforfindingthegenes(基因)connectedwithterriblediseasesasyet(迄今),andmakingprogresstowardseparatingthegenesthatshowasignofbreastcancerorAIDS.
Oncethesegenesarefoundandstudied,researcherscandevelopnewwaystoattackinfections(传染),andgeneticdiseases.Medicalcompaniesareveryinterestedinmappingthehumangenome,astheyexpecttodevelopalotofnewdrugsfortheseillnesses.
1.Whydidthescientistsworkhardatmappingthehumangenome?
A.Becausethehumangenomecandestroymanyillnesses.
B.Becausethehumangenome'scompletioncanhelpthemgetridofmanydiseases.C.Becausetheywantedtobebetterknownthanothers.
D.Becausethehumangenomecanprovidealotofchancesofwork.
2.Whichcountrystudiedthegenesmostrapidlyintheworld?
A.Japan.B.Germany.C.TheUnitedStates.D.China.
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
A.Ifthegenescanbefound,scientistscanstudymanynewwaystocureillnesses.
B.Thescientistshavemadegreatprogressinconnectingthegeneswiththecancers.
C.Manymedicalcompaniesshowgreatinterestindrawingthehumangenomemap.
D.TheUnitedStatesbegantheGenesStudyearlyinthe19thcentury.
4.TheauthorsuggeststhattheHumanGenomeProjectcancause_______.
A.thepolicymakerstofeelveryworriedandcareful
B.thescientiststoworkharder
C.manypeopletofindworkeasily
D.alotofcompaniestoproducemanynewdrugs
5.Themainideaofthisarticleisabout_______.
A.unlockinggeneticcode
B.thegenes'discovery
C.thegreathumangenome
D.thegenesandthescientists
【答案与解析】绘制人类基因组图,这将意味着人类消灭癌症、艾滋病的危害,延长人类寿命将成为现实。
1.B。
语义理解题。
从文章最后一段第1句话Oncethesegenesarefoundandstudied,researcherscandevelopnewwaystoattackinfections(传染),andgeneticdiseases可以看出科学家们完成人类基因组图的目的。
2.C。
细节题。
因为…theleadingorganizationforgeneticresearchisintheUnitedStates,所以答案选C。
3.D。
判断题。
美国是在1990年,即20世纪末开始绘制人类基因组图的,所以选项D不对。
4.B。
判断题。
从文章内容可知,人类基因组图的完成将有助于科学家们攻克一系列难关。
所以,他们在更努力地探究。
5.A。
主旨题。
综合文章内容,不难概括出本文主旨:
解读基因密码。
(3)
ThespaceshuttleColumbiaflaredandbrokeupintheskiesoverTexasonSaturday,February1,2003,killingthesevenastronautsonboardinwhatNASAandPresidentBushcalledatragedyfortheentirenation.NASAlaunchedaninvestigationintothedisasterandbegansearchingfortheastronauts'remains.Itsaidthatalthoughtherehadbeensomedatafailuresitwastooearlytonaildownaprecisecause.Thebreak-up,16minutesbeforetheshuttlewasduetolandatKennedySpaceCenterinFlorida,spreadpossiblytoxicdebris(有毒的残骸)overawideswathofTexasandneighboringstates.
Dramatictelevisionimagesoftheshuttle'sdescentclearlyshowedseveralwhitetrails(痕迹)streakingthroughblueskiesaftertheshuttlesuddenlyfellapart.Itwasalmost17yearstothedaythattheChallengershuttleexplodedonJan.28,1986,killingallsevenastronautsonboard.
Take-offandre-entryintoEarth'satmospherearethemostdangerouspartsofaspacemission.In42yearsofUS'humanspaceflight,therehadneverbeenanaccidentinthedescenttoEarthorlanding.Challengerexplodedjustaftertake-off.
Rescueteamsscrambledtosearchfortheremainsofthecrew,whichincludedthefirstIsraelitoflyontheshuttle,formercombatpilotCol.IlanRamon.Therewerewarningsthatpartsofavast120-mile-longcorridorofdebriscouldbetoxicbecauseofpoisonousrocketpropellant(推进器).
"Wearenotreadytoconfirmthatwehavefoundanyhumanremains,"NacogdochesCountySheriffThomasKerrssaid.Headdedthatamongtheroughly1,000callsreportingdebris,somepeoplesaidtheyfoundremainsofcrewmembers.
"TheColumbiaislost.Therearenosurvivors,…Theirmissionwasalmostcompleteandwelostthemsoclosetohome.…America'sspaceprogramwillgoon,"saidagrim-facedBushinamessagebroadcastontelevision,whichincludedcondolencestothefamiliesofthedeadastronauts.
1.Theword“descent”inthepassagemeans________.
A.takingoffB.landingC.orbitingD.walkingdown
2.WhichistrueoftheIsraeliastronautIlanRamon?
A.HewasthefirstIsraeliastronauttoflyontheshuttle.
B.HewasthefirstforeignastronauttoflyontheAmericanshuttle.
C.Heusedtobeapassengerplanepilot.
D.HewastheonlysurvivorintheColumbiadisaster.
3.TheColumbiadisasterandtheChallengerdisasterweresimilarinthat________.
A.thereweresevenastronautskilledonboard
B.boththeshuttlesexplodedwhentheytookoff
C.Boththeshuttlesexplodedwhentheywereabouttoland
D.nohumanremainswerefound
4.Whichofthefollowingiswrongaccordingtothenews?
A.TheU.S.A.willgiveupthespaceprogrambecauseoftheaccident.
B.NASAhasn’tfoundthecauseoftheColumbiadisaster.
C.BeforetheColumbiadisaster,noshuttleshadexplodedinthecourseoflanding.
D.Take-offandre-entryintoEarth'satmospherearethemostdangerouspartsofaspacemission.
【答案解析】本文讲述了美国航天飞机“哥伦比亚”号失事的情况。
1.B。
词义推测题。
可以参见第三段第二句中的inthedecenttoEarth,其后orlanding即是对descent解释。
2.A。
细节题。
从…whichincludedthefirstIsraelitoflyontheshuttle,formercombatpilotCol.IlanRamon中可以知道,IlanRamon.是以色列第一位乘坐航天飞机的宇航员。
3.A。
推断题。
要求你找出这两起灾难的共同点。
从文中可以了解到两起灾难都有7位宇航员丧生。
“挑战者”号是在升空时失事的,而“哥伦比亚”号是在返回地面的过程中失事的,故可排除B和C。
而选项D与原文不符,故选A。
4.A。
判断题。
根据…America'sspaceprogramwillgoon我们可以知道选项A明显错误。
而选项B、C、D均与原文相符。
(8)
VisitingU.S.PresidentGeorgeW.BushsaidinBeijingFridaythatbothChinaandtheUnitedStatesshouldencouragebilateral(双边的)contactsandexchangestopromotemutual(相互)understanding.
“It’simportantforourpoliticalleaderstocometoChina,”saidBush,whogaveaspeechFridaymorningatQinghuaUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina.
HisworkingvisittoChinaanddiscussionswithOinghuastudents“helppromote”Sino-U.S.(中美)relations,Bushsaidinresponseto