遗传育种相关名词中英文对照.docx

遗传育种相关名词中英文对照.docx

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遗传育种相关名词中英文对照

遗传育种相关名词中英文对照

中英文对照的分子育种相关名词3"untranslatedregion（3"UTR）3"非翻译区5"untranslatedregion（5;UTR）5"非翻译区AchromosomeA染色体AATAAA多腺苷酸化信号aberration崎变abiogenesis非生源说accessorychromosome副染色体accessorynucleus副核accessoryprotein辅助蛋白accidentvariance偶然变异Ac-DssystemAc-Ds系统acentricchromosome无着丝粒染色体acentricfragment无着丝粒片段acentricring无着丝粒环achromatin非染色质acquiredcharacter获得性状acrocentricchromosome近端着丝粒染色体acrosyndesis端部联会activatingtranscriptionfactor转录激活因子activator激活剂activatorelement激活单元activatorprotein（AP）激活蛋白activator-dissociationsystemAc-Ds激活解离系统activechromatin活性染色质activesite活性部位adaptation适应adaptivepeak适应高峰adaptivesurface适应面addition附加物additionhaploid附加单倍体additionline附加系additiveeffect加性效应additivegene加性基因additivegeneticvariance加性遗传方差

additiverecombination插人重组

additiveresistance累加抗性adenosine腺昔adenosinediphosphate（ADP）腺昔二鱗酸

adenosinetriphosphate（ATP）腺昔三憐酸

adjacentsegregation相邻分离

A-formDNAA型DNA

akineticchromosome无着丝粒染色体

akineticfragment无着丝粒片断

alienadditionmonosomic外源单体生物

alienchromosomesubstitution外源染色体代换

alienspecies外源种alien-additioncellhybrid异源附加细胞杂种alkylatingagent焼化剂allele等位基因allelecenter等位基因中心allelelinkageanalysis等位基因连锁分析allelespecificoligonucleotide（ASO）等位基因特异的寡核苷酸alleliccomplement等位（基因）互补allelicdiversity等位（基因）多样化allelicexclusion等位基因排斥allelicinactivation等位（基因）失活allelicinteraction等位（基因）相互作用allelicrecombination等位（基因）重组allelicreplacement等位（基因）置换allelicseries等位（基因）系列allelicvariation等位（基因）变异allelism等位性allelotype等位（基因）型allodiploid异源二倍体allohaploid异源单倍体allopatricspeciation异域种alloploidy异源倍性allopolyhaploid异源多倍单倍体allopolyploid异源多倍体allosyndesis异源联会allotetraploid异源四倍体alloheteroploid异源异倍体

alternationofgeneration世代交替alternativetranscription可变转录alternativetranscriptioninitiation可变转录起始Alurepetitivesequence,AlufamilyAlu重复序列，Alu家族

ambiguouscodon多义密码子ambisensegenome双义基因组ambisenseRNA双义RNAaminoacyl-tRNAbindingsite氨酰基tRNA接合位点aminoacyl-tRNAsynthetase氨酰基tRNA连接酶amixis无融合

amorph无效等位基因

amphidiploid双二倍体

amphipolyploid双多倍体

amplicon扩增子

amplification扩增amplificationprimer扩增引物analysisofvariance方差分析anaphase（分裂）后期

anaphasebridge（分裂）后期桥

anchorcell锚状细胞androgamete雄配子

aneuhaploid非整倍单倍体

aneuploid非整倍体animalgenetics动物遗传学annealing复性antibody抗体

anticodingstrand反编码链

anticodon反密码子

anticodonarm反密码子臂

anticodonloop反密码子环antiparallel反向平行

antirepressor抗阻抑物

antisenseRNA反义RNA

antisensestrand反义链apogamogony无融合结实apogamy无配子生殖

apomixis无融合生殖armratio（染色体）臂比

artificialgene人工基因artificialselection人工选择asexualhybridization无性杂交asexualpropagation无性繁殖asexualreproduction无性生殖assortativemating选型交配asynapsis不联会asynapticgene不联会基因

atavism返祖atelocentricchromosome非端着丝粒染色体attachedXchromosome并连X染色体attachmentsite附着位点attenuation衰减attenuator衰减子autarchicgene自效基因

auto-alloploid同源异源体autoallopolyploid同源异源多倍体autobivalent同源二阶染色体auto-diploid同源二倍体；自体融合二倍体autodiploidization同源二倍化autoduplication自体复制autogenesis自然发生autogenomatic同源染色体组autoheteroploidy同源异倍性autonomoustransposableelement自主转座单元autonomouslyreplicatingsequence（ARS）自主复制序列autoparthenogenesis自发单性生殖autopolyhaploid同源多倍单倍体autopolyploid同源多倍体autoradiogram放射自显影图autosyndeticpairing同源配对autotetraploid同源四倍体autozygote同合子auxotroph营养缺陷体BchromosomeB染色体B1，firstbackcrossgeneration回交第一代B2，secondbackcrossgeneration回交第二代backmutation回复突变backcross回交

backcrosshybrid回交杂种backcrossparent回交亲本backcrossratio回交比率backgroundgenotype背景基因型bacterialartificationchromosome（BAC）细菌人工染色体

Bacterialgenetics细菌遗传学Bacteriophage噬菌体

balancedlethal平衡致死balancedlethalgene平衡致死基因balancedlinkage平衡连锁balancedload平衡负荷

balancedpolymorphism平衡多态现象balancedrearrangements平衡重组

balancedtertiarytrisomic平衡三级三体

balancedtranslocation平衡异位

balancingselection平衡选择

bandanalysis谱带分析bandingpattern（染色体）带型

basaltranscriptionapparatus基础转录装置baseanalog碱基类似物

baseanalogue类減基

basecontent减基含量

baseexchange碱基交换basepairingmistake碱基配对错误basepairingrules碱基配对法则basesubstitution减基置换basetransition减基转换basetransversion减基颠换base-pairregion碱基配对区base-pairsubstitution碱基配对替换basicnumberofchromosome染色体基数behavioralgenetics行为遗传学behavioralisolation行为隔离bidirectionalreplication双向复制bimodaldistribution双峰分布

binaryfission二分裂

bindingprotein结合蛋白

bindingsite结合部位binucleatephase双核期

biochemicalgenetics生化遗传学biochemicalmutant生化突变体

biochemicalpolymorphism生化多态性bioethics生物伦理学biogenesis生源说bioinformatics生物信息学biologicaldiversity生物多样性biometricalgenetics生物统计遗传学（简称生统遗传学）bisexualreproduction两性生殖bisexuality两性现象bivalent二价体blendinginheritance混合遗传blottransferapparatus印迹转移装置blottingmembrane印迹膜bottleneckeffect瓶颈效应branchmigration分支迁移breedvariety品种breeding育种，培育;繁殖，生育breedingbycrossing杂交育种法breedingbyseparation分隔育种法breedingcoefficient繁殖率breedinghabit繁殖习性breedingmigration生殖回游，繁殖回游breedingperiod生殖期

breedingplace繁殖地breedingpopulation繁殖种群breedingpotential繁殖能力，育种潜能breedingrange繁殖幅度breedingseason繁殖季节breedingsize繁殖个体数breedingsystem繁殖系统breedingtrue纯育breedingvalue育种值broadheritability广义遗传率bulkselection集团选择C0，acentric无着丝粒的

Cl,monocentric单着丝粒C2,dicentric双着丝粒的C3,tricentric三着丝粒的candidategene候选基因candidate-geneapproach候选基因法Canpbenmodel坎贝尔模型

carytype染色体组型，核型cataboliteactivatorprotein分解活化蛋白

cataboliterepression分解代谢产物阻遏catastrophism灾变说cellclone细胞克隆cellcycle细胞周期celldetermination细胞决定celldivision细胞分裂celldivisioncyclegene（CDCgene）细胞分裂周期基因ceUdivisionlag细胞分裂延迟cellfate细胞命运cellfusion细胞融合cellgenetics细胞的遗传学cellhybridization细胞杂交cellsorter细胞分类器cellstrain细胞株cell-cellcommunication细胞间通信centerofvariation变异中心centimorgan（cM）厘摩centraldogma中心法则centraltendency集中趋势centromereDNA着丝粒DNAcentromereinterference着丝粒干扰

centromere着丝粒centromericexchange（CME）着丝粒交换

centromericinactivation着丝粒失活centromericsequence（CENsequence）中心粒序列characterdivergence性状趋异

chemicalgenetics化学遗传学

chemigenomics化学基因组学

chiasmacentralization交叉中化

chiasmaterminalization交叉端化

chimera异源嵌合体

Chi-square（x2）test卡方检验chondriogene线粒体基因chorionicvillussampling绒毛膜取样chromatidabemition染色单体畸变

chromatidbreak染色单体断裂

chromatidbridge染色单体桥

chromatidinterchange染色单体互换chromatidinterference染色单体干涉chromatidsegregation染色单体分离

chromatidtetrad四分染色单体

chromatidtranslocation染色单体异位

chromatinagglutination染色质凝聚

chromosomalaberration染色体崎变

chromosomalassignment染色体定位

chromosomalbanding染色体显带

chromosomaldisorder染色体病

chromosomalelimination染色体消减chromosomalinheritance染色体遗传

chromosomalinterference染色体干扰

chromosomallocation染色体定位

chromosomallocus染色体位点chromosomalmutation染色体突变

chromosomalpattern染色体型

chromosomalpolymorphism染色体多态性chromosomalrearrangement染色体质量排

chromosomalreproduction染色体增殖

chromosomalRNA染色体RNA

chromosomalshift染色体变迁，染色体移位

chromosomeaberration染色体畸变chromosomearm染色体臂

chromosomeassociation染色体联合

chromosomebandingpattern染色体带型

chromosomebehavior染色体动态

chromosomeblotting染色体印迹

chromosomebreakage染色体断裂

chromosomebridge染色体桥chromosomecoiling染色体螺旋

chromosomecondensation染色体浓缩

chromosomeconstriction染色体缢痕

chromosomecycle染色体周期

chromosomedamage染色体损伤

chromosomedeletion染色体缺失

chromosomedisjunction染色体分离

chromosomedoubling染色体加倍

chromosomeduplication染色体复制

chromosomeelimination染色体丢失chromosomeengineering染色体工程

chromosomeevolution染色体进化chromosomeexchange染色体交换

chromosomefusion染色体融合chromosomegap染色体间隙

chromosomehopping染色体跳移

chromosomeinterchange染色体交换

chromosomeinterference染色体干涉

chromosomejumping染色体跳查

chromosomeknob染色体结chromosomeloop染色体环chromosomelose染色体丢失

chromosomemap染色体图chromosomemapping染色体作图

chromosomematrix染色体基质

chromosomemutation染色体突变chromosomenon-disjunction染色体不分离chromosomeparing染色体配对chromosomepolymorphism染色体多态性chromosomepuff染色体疏松chromosomerearrangement染色体质量排chromosomereduplication染色体再加倍chromosomerepeat染色体质量叠chromosomescaffold染色体支架chromosomesegregation染色体分离chromosomeset染色体组

chromosomestickiness染色体粘性

chromosometheoryofheredity染色体遗传学说chromosometheoryofinheritance染色体遗传学说

chromosomethread染色体丝

chromosomewalking染色体步查

chromosome-mediatedgenetransfer染色体中介基因转移chromosomology染色体学CIBmethodCIB法;性连锁致死突变出现频率检测法circularDNA环林DNAcisconformation顺式构象cisdominance顺式显性cis-heterogenote顺式杂基因子cis-regulatoryelement顺式调节兀件cis-transtest顺反测验

cladogram进化树cloningvector克隆载体C-meiosisC减数分裂

C-metaphaseC中期

C-mitosisC有丝分裂codedegeneracy密码简并codingcapacity编码容量codingratio密码比codingrecognitionsite密码识别位置codingregion编码区codingsequence编码序列codingsite编码位置codingstrand密码链codingtriplet编码三联体codominance共显性codonbias密码子偏倚codontype密码子型coefficientofconsanguinity近亲系数coefficientofgeneticdetermination遗传决定系数coefficientofhybridity杂种系数coefficientofinbreeding近交系数coefficientofmigration迁移系数coefficientofrelationship亲缘系数coefficientofvariability变异系数coevolution协同进化coinducer协诱导物coldsensitivemutant冷敏感突变体

colineartiy共线性

combiningability配合力

comparativegenomics比较基因组学

competence感受态

competentcell感受态细胞

competinggroups竞争类群competitionadvantage竞争优势

competitiveexclusionprinciple竞争排斥原理complementaryDNA（cDNA）互补DNA

complementarygene互补基因complementationtest互补测验

completelinkage完全连锁completeselection完全选择complotype补体单元型compositetransposon复合转座子conditionalgene条件基因conditionallethal条件致死

conditionalmutation条件突变consanguinity近亲

consensussequence共有序列conservativetransposition保守转座constitutiveheterochromatin组成型染色质

continuousvariation连续变异

convergentevolu