全面雅思流程图汇总情况.docx

全面雅思流程图汇总情况.docx

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全面雅思流程图汇总情况

一

∙Thediagramsbelowshowthestagesandequipmentusedinthecement-makingprocess,andhowcementisusedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.

∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparsonswherereleant.

∙Thefirstdiagramindicatesthestagesandequipmentintheprocessofmakingcement,andthesecondoneillustrateshowcementandothermaterialsaremixedtoproduceconcreteforbuildingpurposes.

∙Cementproductioninvolvesthefollowingsteps.Thefirststepistoputlimestoneandclayontwodifferentconveyors.Then,thesetwotypesofmaterialsarepressedintothecrusherwhichbreaksthemintopowder. Afterthat,thepowderispouredintoamixer,andthenmixturesaretransmittedintoarotatingheaterwhichworkswithheat.Thefollowingstepisthatabandcarrierleadstheheatedpowdertoagrinderwherethecementcomesout.Finally,cementispackedintobags,andtheprocessisfinished.

∙Concreteproductionismuchmoresimple.Fourdifferentkindsofmaterialsareneededindifferentproportion.Gravelaccountsforthelargestpart,at50%,followedbysand,whichis25%.Cementandwatercontributes15%and10%respectively.Thefourmaterialsarethenmixedandpouredintoaconcretemixerandafteraperiodofwhirling,concreteisproduced.

∙Inconclusion,makingcementhasmorecomplexprocessthanmakingconcretethoughconcreteneedsmorematerialsthancement.

二

∙Thediagramsbelowshowthelifecycleofthesilkwormandthestagesintheproductionofsilkcloth.

∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Thefirstdiagramshowsthattherearefourmainstagesinthelifeofthesilkworm.Firstofall,eggsareproducedbythemothandittakestendaysforeacheggtobecomeasilkwormlarvathatfeedsonmulberryleaves.Thisstagelastsforuptosixweeksuntilthelarvaproducesacocoonofsilkthreadarounditself.Afteraperiodofaboutthreeweeks,theadultmothseventuallyemergefromthesecocoonsandthelifecyclebeginsagain.

∙Thecocoonsaretherawmaterialusedfortheproductionofsilkcloth.Onceselected,theyareboiledinwaterandthethreadscanbeseparatedintheunwindingstage.Eachthreadisbetween300and900metreslong,whichmeanstheycanbetwistedtogether,dyedandthenusedtoproduceclothintheweavingstage.

∙Overall,thediagramsshowthatthecocoonstageofthesilkwormcanbeusedtoproducesilkcloththroughaverysimpleprocess.

三

∙Theflowchartbelowshowshowchewinggumismade. 

∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Thediagramshowshowchewinggumisproduced.Firstlytheingredientsofgumareputintoacontainerandwasheateduntiltheyformasinglemass.Thisisthenstraineduntilalloftheliquidhasbeeneliminated.Next,thegumispassedintoanothercontainer/placeandthedesiredflavorings,sweetenersandsoftenersareaddedThismixtureisblendeduntilalloftheingredientsaremixedtogether.Thegumthentravels/passestoadifferentmachinewhichusesrollerstoflattenoutthegum.Finallythethinsheetsofgumarecutintorectangularshapesandbrokenintoseparatepiecesthenthegumpasses/travelsalongaconveyorbeltwhereitisenclosedinpackagingreadyfordistribution.

四

∙Thediagrambelowshowshowfruitiscanned. 

∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Thediagramshowstheprocessofcanningfreshfruit.Firstthefruitispickedfromtreesbyhand.Itisthentransportedtothecannerybylargetrucks.Atthecannerythefruitiswashedandqualitychecked,andanypoorqualityfruitisrejected.Thegoodqualityfruitisputintocoldstorage.Whenitisreadyforcanningthefruitisweighedandgraded.Thegradingensuresthatfruitofasimilarsizeiskepttogether.Afterthisthefruitispeeledandthecoresareremoved.Itisthenslicedintotherequiredsizesandputintocans.Juiceorsyrupisalsoaddedtothecans.Oncethecanshavebeenfilled,theyaresealedandcookedoverheattoensurethatthecansaresterilized.Whenthecansarecool,labelsareattachedandtheyareplacedintostorages.Thecannedfruitisnowreadytobedespatchedtosupermarketsandsold.

五

∙Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessofmakingchocolate. 

∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Chocolate'svariedflavours,colours,shapesandtexturesresultfromdifferentrecipetraditions.Whichhaveevolvedindifferentpartsoftheworld.Theessentialingredientinallchocolateiscocoa,whichismadefromthecream-colouredbeansthatgrowinpodsonthecacaotree.Thecacaotree,whichgrowsinequatorialregionssuchasSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesiaproducesafruitaboutthesizeofasmallpineapple,Insidewhicharethetree'sseeds. 

∙Afterharvesting,thecocoabeansarcremovedfromthepodsandpiledinheapsthatareleftforseveraldaystodry.Thedriedbeansarethentransportedtofactorieswheretheyaresortedandroasted.Theshellsarethenremovedandthebeansaregroundintochocolateliquor-athickbrownliquidwhichformsasolidataboutroomtemperature.Thisliquorcontainsahighpercentageoffat（cocoabutter）,whichisremovedbyusingpresses.Thesolidblockofcocoathatremainsisthenmadeintoapowderwhichcanbeusedtomakeahotchocolatedrink,orismixedbackwithsomeofthecocoabutter,sugarandotherflavoursuchasvanillatomakethedifferentkindsofchocolate.

六

∙Thediagrambelowshowstheprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustry.

∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures,andmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙

∙Theprocessbywhichbricksaremanufacturedforthebuildingindustrycanbeoutlinedinsevenconsecutivesteps. 

∙Firsttherawmaterial,clay,whichliesjustbelowthesurfaceofsoilincertainclay-richareashastobedugupbyadigger. 

∙Thenthelumpsofclayareplacedonametalgrid,inordertobreakupthebigchunksofclayintomuchsmallerones,whichfallthroughthemetalgridontoaroller,whosemotionfurthersegregatesthebitsofclay.Sandandwaterareaddedtomakeahomogenousmixture,whichistheneitherformedinmouldsorcutintobrick-shapedpiecesbymeansofawirecutter. 

∙Thesefreshbricksarethenkeptinadryingovenforatleast24andamaximumof48hours,severaldozensifnothundredsofbricksatatime.Thedriedbricksarethentransferredtoaalso-calledkiln,anothertypeofhightemperatureof200℃-980℃,thenatahightemperatureof870℃-1300℃.Thisprocessisfollowedbycoolingdownthefinishedbricksfor48to72hoursinacoolingchamber. 

∙Oncethebrickshavebeencooleddownandhavebecomehard,theygetpackagedanddeliveredtotheirfinaldestination,beitabuildingsiteorstorage. 

七

∙Thediagramsbelowshowtheprocessofhowuraniumisusedintheproductionofnuclearpower. 

∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Thisdiagramdescribeshowuraniumismined,processed,usedandthendiscarded. 

∙Uraniumisfoundunderthegroundandsoitmustbemined.Oncethemineduraniumhasbeenextracted,itistakentoaprocessingcentre.Heretheuraniumisconvertedintoaformthatcanbeusedasafuelinanuclearpowerstation.Todothis,theuraniumischangedintoagasandenrichedbeforeitisreformedasU-235fuelpellets. 

∙Thefuelpelletsarethenusedinnuclearpowerstationstoprovideupto7billionkilowattsofelectricityfromjustonestation.Afterthefuelhasbeenusedforaboutfouryearsitisremovedfromthepowerstationandstored.Someoftheusedfuelcanbere-processedandre-usedinapowerstationtoproducemoreelectricity. 

∙Finally,oldstoredfuelthatcannotbere-processedisputintostainlesssteelcontainersandthenburieddeepintheground. 

八

∙Theillustrationsbelowshowhowchocolateisproduced.

∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeatures.

∙Thediagramshowsthestagesintheprocessofmakingchocolate. 

∙Chocolatecomesfromthecacaotree,whichisgrowninpartsofSouthAmerica,AfricaandIndonesia.Thetreeproduceslargeredpodswhichcontainwhitecocoabeans. Firstly,whenthepodsareripe,theyareharvested.Thebeansareremovedandtheyarefermentedforseveraldaysinlargewoodenboxes.Duringthefermentingprocess,thebeansturnbrown.

∙Next,thebrownbeansarespreadinthesuntodry.Theyarethenputinlargesacksandtransportedbytrainorlorry.Afterthis,thebeansaretakentoachocolatefactorywheretheyareroastedinanovenattemperaturesofbetween250and350degreeCelsius.

∙Afterbeingroasted,thebeansarecrushedandtheoutershellisremoved.Finally,theinnerpartofthebeanispressedandliquidchocolateisproduced.

九

∙Thediagrambelowshowshowbananachipsaremade.

∙Summarisetheinformationbyselectingandreportingthemainfeaturesandmakecomparisonswhererelevant.

∙Theflowchartshowshowbananachipsaremade.First,thebananasarepeeledbyaspecialmachineandthentheyarerinsedinwater.Nextthecleanbananasareputintoachippingmachinewheretheyareslicedintothinchips.Afterthistheyaredistributed.Oncetheyaredry,thebananachipsaresoakedinhotoilinlargedeepfatfryers.Thecookedbananachipsarefriedfromthefryersusingaspecialsievewhichallowsalloftheoiltodrainoff.Thebananachipsareleft（then）toc