自考国际商务英语课后题.docx

自考国际商务英语课后题.docx

《自考国际商务英语课后题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《自考国际商务英语课后题.docx（52页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

自考国际商务英语课后题

一、

Whatdoesinternationalbusinessreferto?

Pleasetellthedifferencebetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness.

1.Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionsbetweenpartiesfromdiffirentcountries.

Therearefourmajordiffrencesbetweeninternationalbusinessanddomesticbusiness:

1）differencesinlegalsystem

2）differencesincurrencies

3）differencesincuturalbackground

4）differencesinnaturalandeconomicconditions

Pleaseexplainthedifferencesbetweenvisibletradeandinvisibletrade.Whichisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade?

2.Commoditytrade,i.eexportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforconsumptionorresaleinanother.Thiskindoftradeisalsoreferredtovisibletrade.Invisibletradeisintheformoftransportation,communication,banking,insurance,consulting,informationetc.Invisibletradeisbecomingmoreandmoreimportantandaccountsforanincreasingproportionininternationaltrade.

Canyoucitesomeexamplestoillustrateculturaldifferencesininternationalbusiness?

3.Culturaldifferencesincludinglanguage,customs,traditions,religion,value,behavioretc.

Pleaseelaborateonthetwocategoreisofinternationalinvestment.Whatistheirmajordifference?

4.ForeigndirectinvestmentsorFDIforshortismadeforreturnsthroughcontrollingtheenterprisesorassetsinvestedininahostcountry.

Portfolioinvestmentreferstopurchasesofforeignfinancialassetsforapurposeotherthancontrolling.

Whatislicensing?

Whydofirmssometimeschooseitasmeansofenteringaforeignmarket?

5.Inlicensing,afirmleasestherighttouseitsintellectualpropertytoafirminanothercountry.

Firmschooselicensingbecausetheydonotwanttomakecashpaymentstostartbusiness,andcansimplyreceiveincomeintheformofroyalty.Besides,theycanbenefitfromlocationaladvantegesofforeignoperationwithoutanyobligationsinownershipormanagement.

Whatisfranchising?

Howisitdifferentfromlicensing?

6.Underfranchising,afim,calledthefranchisee,isallowedtooperateinthenameofanother,calledthefranchiserwhoprovidestheformerwithtrademarks,brandname,logos,andoperatingtechniquesforroyalty.

Incomparisionwiththerelationbetweenthelicenserandthelicensee,thefranchiserhasmorecontroloverandprovidesmoresupportforthefranchisee.

Whatisamanagementcontract?

Underwhatconditionsisitmostapplicable?

7.Underamanagementcontract,onecompanyoffersmanagerialorotherspecializedservicestoanotherwithinaparticularperiodforaflatpaymentorapercentageoftherelevantbusinessvolum.

Whenagovernmentforbidsforeignownershipincertainindustriesitconsiderstobeofstrategicimportancebutlackstheexpertiseforoperation,managementcontractsmaybeapracticalchoiceenablingaforeigncompanytooperateintheindustrywithoutowningtheassets..

Whatisaninternationalturnkeyproject?

InwhatwayisitsvariantBOTdifferentfromit?

8.Foraninterantionalturnkeyproject,afirmsignsacontractwithaforeignpurchaserandundertakesallthedesigning,contractingandfacilityequipingbeforehandingitovertothelatteruponcompletion.

ForaBOTproject,afirmoperateafacilityforaperiodoftimeafterbuildingitupbeforefinallytransferringittoaforeigncompany.

MakingprofitfromoperatingtheprojectforaperiodisthemajordifferencebetweenBOTandthecommonturnkeyproject.

Franchise:

anarrangementbywhichamonopolyproducerorownergivesanotherpermissionfortheexclusiverighttomanufactureorselltheproductsincertainarea.

Royalty:

moneypaidtotheownerofacopyrightfrpermissiontopublishcopyrightmaterialandtotheownerofapatentforpermissiontouseapatenteddesign,usu,atanagreedpercentageofthesellingpriceoftheproduct.

Patent:

aspecialrighttoaninventortobetheonlypersontomakeandsell,ortoauthorizeotherstomakeandsellanewly-inventedmachineorprocess.

Non-tariffbarries:

allformsofman-madeobstructionstointernationaltradeotherthantariffs,includingprohibitionsandquotas,etc.

Portfolio:

theentirecollectionofinvestmentsintheformofstocks,bonds,orcertificateofdepositsforpurposesotherthancontrolling.

Turnkeyproject:

oneinwhichoneofthepartiesagreestosupply,atthecontractprice,acompleteproductreadyforuse,suchasanewhome,factory,ship,etc.

Budget:

anaccountofprobablefutureincomeandexpenditureduringastated,period,usu,ayearusedasaguideinmakingfinancialarragements.

Return:

thegainfromaninvestment,eitherasincomeoryieldorasprofitonthesaleoftheinvestment.

Expertise:

expertknowledgeorskill,esp.inaparticularfield;know-how

Licensor:

apersonorcompanygrantingalicence

1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。

Internationalbusinessreferstotransactionbetweenpartiesfromdifferentcountries,itinvolesmorfactorsandthusismorecomplicatedthandomesticbusiness.

2．随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。

因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。

Withthedevelopmentofeconomicglobalization,fewpeopleorcompaniescancompletelystayawayforminternationalbusiness.Someknowledgeinthisrespectisnecessarybothforthebenefitofenterprisesandpersonaladvancement.

3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。

Otherformsforpaticipatingininternationalbusinessaremanagementcontract,contractmanufaturingandturnkeyproject.

4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。

Internationalbusinessfirsttooktheformofcommoditytrade,i.e.exportingandimportinggoodsproducedormanufacturedinonecountryforsonsumptionorresaleinanother.

5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。

Besidestradeandinvestment,licensingandfranchisingaresometimestakenasameansofenteringaforeignmarket.

二、

ExplaintheconceptsofGNPandGDPrespectivelyandpointouttheirmajordifference.Canweusetheminterchaeably?

1.GNPreferstothemarketvalueofgoodsandservicesproducedtythepropertyandlaborownedbytheresidentsofaneconomy.

GDPmeasuresthemarketvalueofallgoodsandservicesproducedwithinthegeographicareaofaneconomy.

ThedifferencebetweenGNPandGDPisthattheformerfocusesonownershipofthefactorsofproductionwhilethelatterconcentratesontheplacewhereproductiontakesplace.

ThedifferencebetweenGNPandGDPcanbeignoredsinceitisverysmallinmostcases,sowecanusetheminterchangeably.

Whataremeantbyhighincome,middleincome,andlowincomecountriesaccordingtotheWorldBank?

Citesomeexaplesforeachgroup.

2.Thoseenjoyingannualpercapitaincomeof$9386andaboveareclassifiedashigh-incomecountries.Thisgroupcomprisesthreetypesofcountries.

a）mostmembersoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperationandDevelopment（OECD）

b）richoilproducingcontriesofthemiddleeast（Kuwait,SaudiArabia,UnitedArabEmirates）.

c）Small-industrializedcountriesorregionssuchasIsrael,Singapore,HongKongandTaiwan.

Countrieswithannualpercapitaincomebelow$9386butabove$765areregardedasmiddle-incomecountries.

1）mostEastEuropeancountriesandmostmembersoftheCommonwealthofIndependentStates,sixOECDmembers.（Czech,Greece,Hungary,Mexico,Turkey）

2）quiteanumberofLatinAmericancountriesandsomecomparativelydevelopedcountriesinAsia.（Indonesia,Malaysia,thephilippines,Thailand）

3）AmongtheAfricancountries,SouthAfricaandoil-producingLibya,NigeriaandAlgeria.

Lowerincomecountriesarethosethathavepercapitaincomesofonly$765orevenless.

1）MostAfricancontries,someAsiancountriesandafewLatinAmericancountries.

Whyarehighincomecountriesimportanttotradeandinvestment?

Shouldweneglectlowincomecountriesininternationalbusiness?

3.High-incomecountriesoftenhavegoodinfrastructure,highpurchasingpower,advancedtechnology,efficietmanagement,andfavorableenvironmentfortradeandinvestment.Theyofferprimemarketsforexpensiveconsumergoodsandarebothattractivesourcesanddestinationsofinvestment.

Weshouldnotneglectlowincomecountriesininternationalbusiness,becausetheyconstitutemarketsforlower-pricedstaplegoods,providecheaplaborandareoftenrichinresources.Whatismoreimportant,marketissomethingtobedeveloped.Oncetapped,thebusinesspotentialofthesecountrieswillonedaybecomerealbusinessopportunities.

InwhatdifferentwaysareGDPandpercapitaincomesignificantinassessingthepotentialofaparticularmarket?

4.TotalGDPindicatestheoverallsizeofaneconomywhichisimportantinmarketassessmentfordurableequipmentorbulkgoodssuchasgrain,steel,orcement.PercapitaGDPrevealstheaverageincomelevelofconsumers,whichisimportantwhenmarketingconsumerdurables.

Waschinaalow-incomecountryafewyearsago?

Howaboutnow?

5.Chinawithapercapitaincomeofover$1100isamiddle-incomecountrythoughitwasalowincomecountryjustafewyearsago.

Whatdoestheterm“Traid”referto?

WhatismeanttyQuad?

6.ThetermTriadreferstothethreerichestregionsoftheworldtheUnitedStates,theEuropeanUnionandJapanthatofferthemostimportantbusinessopportunities.

SomepeopleextendthescopeofTriadtoincludeCanadaandnamethebroadenedgroupingQuad.

HowmuchdoyouknowaboutOECD?

Pleasemakeabriefaccount.

7.OECDmeansOrganizationofEconomicCooperationandDevelopmentwasestablishedin1961bythemajorcapitalimcountrieswiththeheadquarterinParis.Ithas29membercountries,amongwhich,23ofthemarehigh-incomecountriesandtheothersaremiddle-incomecou