自考国际商务英语课后题.docx

1、自考国际商务英语课后题一、What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.1. International business refers to transactions between parties from diffirent countries.There are four major diffrences between international business and domesti

2、c business:1)differences in legal system2)differences in currencies3)differences in cutural background4)differences in natural and economic conditionsPlease explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing pro

3、portion in international trade?2.Commodity trade, i.e exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. This kind of trade is also referred to visible trade. Invisible trade is in the form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance,

4、 consulting, information etc. Invisible trade is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proportion in international trade.Can you cite some examples to illustrate cultural differences in international business?3.Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, r

5、eligion, value, behavior etc.Please elaborate on the two categoreis of international investment. What is their major difference?4.Foreign direct investments or FDI for short is made for returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country.Portfolio investment refers to

6、 purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.What is licensing? Why do firms sometimes choose it as means of entering a foreign market?5.In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country.Firms choose licensing because t

7、hey do not want to make cash payments to start business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Besides, they can benefit from locational advanteges of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management.What is franchising? How is it different from licensing?6.Under

8、franchising, a fim, called the franchisee, is allowed to operate in the name of another, called the franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand name, logos, and operating techniques for royalty. In comparision with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has

9、more control over and provides more support for the franchisee.What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?7.Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentag

10、e of the relevant business volum.When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts may be a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the

11、 assets.What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?8.For an interantional turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equiping before handing it over to the latter upon co

12、mpletion.For a BOT project, a firm operate a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company.Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey project. Franchise: an arrangement by w

13、hich a monopoly producer or owner gives another permission for the exclusive right to manufacture or sell the products in certain area.Royalty: money paid to the owner of a copyright fr permission to publish copy right material and to the owner of a patent for permission to use a patented design, us

14、u, at an agreed percentage of the selling price of the product.Patent: a special right to an inventor to be the only person to make and sell, or to authorize others to make and sell a newly-invented machine or process.Non-tariff barries: all forms of man-made obstructions to international trade othe

15、r than tariffs, including prohibitions and quotas, etc.Portfolio: the entire collection of investments in the form of stocks, bonds, or certificate of deposits for purposes other than controlling.Turnkey project: one in which one of the parties agrees to supply, at the contract price, a complete pro

16、duct ready for use, such as a new home, factory, ship, etc.Budget: an account of probable future income and expenditure during a stated, period, usu, a year used as a guide in making financial arragements.Return: the gain from an investment, either as income or yield or as profit on the sale of the

17、investment.Expertise: expert knowledge or skill, esp. in a particular field; know-howLicensor: a person or company granting a licence 1.国际贸易一般指不同国家的当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素，因而比国内贸易要复杂得多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries, it involes mor factors and thus is

18、 more complicated than domestic business.2随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展又有益于个人的进步。With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away form international business. Some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the

19、 benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同、承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。Other forms for paticipating in international business are management contract, contract manufaturing and turnkey project.4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International business first took the form of com

20、modity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for sonsumption or resale in another.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国外市场的一种方式。Besides trade and investment, licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.二、Explain the concept

21、s of GNP and GDP respectively and point out their major difference. Can we use them interchaeably?1.GNP refers to the market value of goods and services produced ty the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.GDP measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the

22、 geographic area of an economy.The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place.The difference between GNP and GDP can be ignored since it is very small in most cases, so we

23、 can use them interchangeably.What are meant by high income, middle income, and low income countries according to the World Bank? Cite some exaples for each group.2.Those enjoying annual per capita income of $9386 and above are classified as high-income countries. This group comprises three types of

24、 countries.a)most members of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development(OECD)b)rich oil producing contries of the middle east (Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates).c)Small-industrialized countries or regions such as Israel, Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan.Countries with annual

25、per capita income below $9386 but above $765 are regarded as middle-income countries. 1)most East European countries and most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, six OECD members.(Czech, Greece, Hungary, Mexico, Turkey)2)quite a number of Latin American countries and some comparativel

26、y developed countries in Asia.(Indonesia, Malaysia, the philippines, Thailand)3)Among the African countries, South Africa and oil-producing Libya, Nigeria and Algeria.Lower income countries are those that have per capita incomes of only $765 or even less.1)Most African contries, some Asian countries

27、 and a few Latin American countries.Why are high income countries important to trade and investment? Should we neglect low income countries in international business?3.High-income countries often have good infrastructure, high purchasing power, advanced technology, efficiet management, and favorable

28、 environment for trade and investment. They offer prime markets for expensive consumer goods and are both attractive sources and destinations of investment. We should not neglect low income countries in international business, because they constitute markets for lower-priced staple goods, provide ch

29、eap labor and are often rich in resources. What is more important, market is something to be developed. Once tapped, the business potential of these countries will one day become real business opportunities.In what different ways are GDP and per capita income significant in assessing the potential o

30、f a particular market?4.Total GDP indicates the overall size of an economy which is important in market assessment for durable equipment or bulk goods such as grain, steel, or cement. Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers, which is important when marketing consumer durables.Wa

31、s china a low-income country a few years ago? How about now?5.China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago.What does the term “Traid” refer to? What is meant ty Quad?6.The term Triad refers to the three richest region

32、s of the world the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities.Some people extend the scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadened grouping Quad.How much do you know about OECD? Please make a brief account.7.OECD means Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development was established in 1961 by the major capitalim countries with the headquarter in Paris. It has 29 member countries, among which, 23 of them are high-income countries and the others are middle-income cou