托福必背词汇超强分类McGrawHill400MusthaveWordsfortheTOEFL精简版.docx

托福必背词汇超强分类McGrawHill400MusthaveWordsfortheTOEFL精简版.docx

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托福必背词汇超强分类McGrawHill400MusthaveWordsfortheTOEFL精简版

Contents

Introduction...................................................xiSixQuickHintsforSuccessontheTOEFL®..................xiii

Nature

LESSON1FoodCrops........................................3LESSON2Disaster.......................................7LESSON3EvolutionandMigration......................12LESSON4PetroleumAlternatives........................17

Science

LESSON5TimeEfficiency...............................23LESSON6AncientLife..................................27LESSON7Computers...................................32LESSON8Energy.......................................37

MindandBody

LESSON9Memory......................................43LESSON10Spirituality...................................47LESSON11Illness.......................................52LESSON12Surgery......................................56LESSON13Ghosts.......................................60Formoreinformationaboutthistitle,clickhere

Society

LESSON14Anthropology................................67LESSON15SocialInequality..............................72LESSON16Expertise....................................77LESSON17MilitaryOperations...........................81LESSON18WarandConquest............................86LESSON19History......................................90

Money

LESSON20FinancialSystems.............................97LESSON21WealthandSocialClass......................101LESSON22PersonalProperty...........................106LESSON23Employment................................110LESSON24InternationalTrade..........................115

GovernmentandJustice

LESSON25Politics.....................................123LESSON26AReasonableDoubt.........................128LESSON27ThePolice..................................133LESSON28InvestigatingCrimes.........................138LESSON29GovernmentCorruption......................142LESSON30CrimesatSea................................146LESSON31TheWaronDrugs...........................151

Relationships

LESSON32FamilyRelationships.........................157LESSON33Friendship..................................162viiiContents

LESSON34Passion.....................................166LESSON35NegativeEmotions...........................170

Culture

LESSON36SocialRebels................................177LESSON37PaintingandSculpture.......................181LESSON38TheWrittenWord...........................186LESSON39Entertainment...............................191LESSON40RiskyFashions..............................195

400Must-HaveWordsfortheTOEFL.......................199Contentsix

Nature

LESSON

FoodCrops

TargetWords

1.abandon6.intensify

2.adversely7.irrigation

3.aggregate8.obtain

4.cultivation9.photosynthesis

5.fertilize10.precipitationDefinitionsandSamples

1.abandonv.Toleave;togiveup

Tosavetheirlives,thesailorshadtoabandonthesinkingship.Partsofspeechabandonmentn

2.adverselyadv.Inaharmfulway;negatively

Excessiverainfallearlyinthespringcanadverselyaffecttheplant-ingofcrops.

UsagetipsAdverselyisoftenfollowedbyaffect.

Partsofspeechadversityn,adverseadj

3.aggregateadj.Gatheredintooramountingtoawhole

Itisimpossibletojudgelastyear’sperformancewithoutknowingtheaggregatesalesnumbers.

UsagetipsAggregateisoftenfollowedbyatermlikesum,total,ornumbers.

Partsofspeechaggregatev,aggregaten

1

4Nature

4.cultivationn.Preparingthelandtogrowcrops;improvementfor

agriculturalpurposes

Withthedevelopmentoflandcultivation,huntersandgatherers

wereabletosettleinoneplace.

Partsofspeechcultivatev

5.fertilizev.Tosupplywithnourishmentforplantsbyaddinghelpful

substancestothesoil

Thisfarmfertilizestomatoesmorethananyothercrop.

Partsofspeechfertilizern,fertilizationn

6.intensifyv.Toincreaseinpower;toactwithincreasedstrength

Jacob’slongabsenceintensifiedhiscertaintythatheshouldmarryRose.

Partsofspeechintensificationn,intenseadj

7.irrigationn.Thesupplyingofwatertodryland

Indryareasofthecountry,youcanseeditchesalloverthefarm-

landforirrigation.

Partsofspeechirrigatev

8.obtainv.Togainpossessionof;toget

Afteraseriesofdifficultinterviews,hefinallywasabletoobtain

thejob.

9.photosynthesisn.Theprocessbywhichgreenplantsmaketheir

ownfoodbycombiningwater,salts,andcarbondioxideinthepres-

enceoflight.

Oxygenisaby-productoftheprocessofphotosynthesis.

Partsofspeechphotosynthesizev

10.precipitationn.WaterthatfallstotheEarth’ssurface

InthePacificNorthwest,thehighlevelofprecipitationensuresrich,greenplantlife.

2

LESSONDisaster

TargetWords

1.anticipate6.flood

2.catastrophic7.impact

3.collide8.persevere

4.eruption9.plunge

5.famine10.unleash

DefinitionsandSamples

1.anticipatev.Toexpect;tosensesomethingbeforeithappens

Byplacingsensorsinearthquake-proneareas,scientistscanantici-patesometremorsintimetowarnthepublic.

Partsofspeechanticipationn,anticipatoryadj

2.catastrophicadj.Extremelyharmful;causingfinancialorphysical

ruin

Thearchitectdiedinacatastrophicelevatoraccident.

Partsofspeechcatastrophen,catastrophicallyadv

3.collidev.Tocometogetherwithgreatorviolentforce

Asusual,theirholidaywasruinedwhentheirin-laws’viewsonpoli-ticscollidedwiththeirown.

Partsofspeechcollisionn

Copyright©2005byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Clickherefortermsofuse.

8Nature

4.eruptionn.Asudden,oftenviolent,outburst

TheeruptionofMountSt.Helensin1980caused57deathsand

immeasurablechangetothefaceofthemountain.

UsagetipsEruptionisoftenfollowedbyanofphrase.

Partsofspeecheruptv

5.faminen.Severehunger;adrasticfoodshortage

ThepotatofamineinIrelandinthemid-nineteenthcenturycausedlargenumbersofIrishpeopletoemigratetoAmerica.

6.floodn.Anoverflowingofwater;anexcessiveamount

Theconstantrainandpoordrainagesystemcausedafloodintown.

Thepoliticalpartysentoutafloodofletterscriticizingtheir

opponents.

Partsofspeechfloodv

7.impactn.Astronginfluence

Thespeechabouttheimportanceofeducationmadeanimpact

onme.

UsagetipsImpactisusuallyfollowedbyonorof.

Partsofspeechimpactv

8.perseverev.Tokeepgoing,despiteobstaclesordiscouragement;to

maintainapurpose

Thehikerspersevereddespitethebadweatherandtheicytrail.Partsofspeechpersistv,persistentadj

9.plungev.Togodownsuddenly;todecreasebyagreatamountina

shorttime

Hejumpedoffthedivingboardandplungedintothepool.

Thevalueofthecompany’sstockplungedafteritschiefexecutive

wasarrested.

3

LESSONEvolutionandMigration

TargetWords

1.adapt6.inherent

2.diverse7.migration

3.evolve8.physical

4.feature9.process

5.generation10.survive

DefinitionsandSamples

1.adaptv.Toadjusttothecircumstances;tomakesuitable

Dinosaurscouldnotadapttothewarmertemperatures.

Theteacheradaptedtheexercisesforhismoreadvancedstudents.UsagetipsAdaptisoftenfollowedbyto.

Partsofspeechadaptationn,adaptern,adaptableadj

2.diversen.Various;showingalotofdifferenceswithinagroup

Indiaisoneofthemostlinguisticallydiversecountriesintheworld.UsagetipsAn-lyadverb（e.g.,linguisticallyoftencomesbefore

diverse.

Partsofspeechdiversifyv,diversityn,diversificationn

3.evolvev.Todevelop;tocomeforth

Modern-daysharksevolvedfromtheirancestorEryops,whichlivedmorethan200millionyearsago.

Copyright©2005byTheMcGraw-HillCompanies,Inc.Clickherefortermsofuse.

EvolutionandMigration13

UsagetipsEvolveisoftenfollowedbyintoorfrom.

Partsofspeechevolutionn,evolutionistn

4.featuren.Part,characteristic

Thebestfeatureofthiscarisitsheatedseats.

UsagetipsFeatureisoftenfollowedbyof.

Partsofspeechfeaturev

5.generationn.Agroupofpeoplebornataboutthesametime

Asoldermanagersretired,anewgenerationofleaderstookcontrolofthecompany.

UsagetipsBeforegeneration,anadjectivelikenew,next,earlier,orolderiscommon.Generationisoftenfollowedbyof.

Partsofspeechgenerationaladj

6.inherentadj.Naturallycharacteristic;alwaysfoundwithinsomething,

becauseit’sabasicpartofthatthing

Nojobcanbeinterestingallthetime.Boredom