高考英语必刷卷新课标卷09原卷版.docx
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高考英语必刷卷新课标卷09原卷版
2020年高考必刷卷(新课标卷)09
英语
(考试时间:
90分钟试卷满分:
120分)
注意事项:
1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
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如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项。
A
Bytheendoftheyear,editorsofNewYorkTimeshavepickedthe4bestbooksof2019,includingfictionandnon-fiction.Let’sseewhichonewilltakeyourfancy.
DisappearingEarth
ByJuliaPhillips
Inthefirstchapterofthisnovel,twoyounggirlsvanish,sendingshockwavesthroughatownontheedgeoftheremoteandmysteriousKamchatkaPeninsula.Whatfollowsisanovelofoverlappingshortstoriesaboutthedifferentwomenwhohavebeenaffectedbytheirdisappearance.EachtalepushesthenarrativeforwardanothermonthandexposesthewaysinwhichthewomenofKamchatkahavebeendestroyed—personally,culturallyandemotionally—bythecrime.
NoVisibleBruises
ByRachelLouiseSnyder
Snyder’sthoroughlyreportedbookcoverswhattheWorldHealthOrganizationhascalled“aglobalhealthproblem”.InAmericaalone,morethanhalfofallmurderedwomenarekilledbyacurrentorformerlifepartner;domesticviolencecutsacrosslinesofclass,religionandrace.Snyderrevealspervasivemyths(restrainingordersaretheanswer,abusersneverchange)andwritesmovinglyaboutthelives(anddeaths)ofpeopleonbothsidesoftheequation.Shedoesn’tgiveeasyanswersbutpresentsawealthofinformationthatisitsownformofhope.
MidnightinChernobyl
ByAdamHigginbotham
Higginbotham’ssuperbaccountoftheApril1986explosionattheChernobylnuclearpowerplantisoneofthoserarebooksaboutscienceandtechnologythatreadlikeatension-filledthriller.Filledwithvividdetailandsharplyetchedpersonalities,thisnarrativeofastonishingincompetencemovesfrommistaketomistake,miscalculationtomiscalculation,asitbuildstotheinevitable,history-changingdisaster.
Exhalation
ByTedChiang
Manyoftheninedeeplybeautifulstoriesinthiscollectionexplorethematerialconsequencesoftimetravel.Readingthemfeelslikesittingatdinnerwithafriendwhoexplainsscientifictheorytoyouwithnoairsandgraces.Eachthoughtful,elegantlycraftedstoryposesaphilosophicalquestion;Chiangarrangesallnineintoaconversationthatcomesfullcircle,afterhavingtravelledthroughremarkableareas.
1.Whichofthefollowingtellsabouttheviolencefromahusbandtoawifeinafamily?
A.DisappearingEarthB.NoVisibleBruises
C.MidnightinChernobylD.Exhalation
2.HowmayreadersfeelwhenreadingthebookMidnightinChernobyl?
A.Delighted.B.Awkward.
C.Tense.D.Calm.
3.WhatkindofbookisExhalation?
A.Afolktale.B.Abiography.
C.Alovestory.D.Asci-fistory.
B
WhenTonytookuprunningasahobbyhewas42yearsold.Now42yearslaterhe'sanationalchampionandaworldrecordholder.
Heneverimaginedattheageof84thisiswherehe'dbe,butthenhedoesn'tmeetmanypeopleintheir80swhoareouttrainingfourtimesaweek.
"Icanseeit'sabitunusual,yes.Butit'sbeenmylife,"hetoldthereporter.
TheretiredofficerrunsatatracknearhishomeinLeeds.
AtaneventinItalylastmonthhesetaworldrecordinthe80metreshurdles(跨栏)withatimeofunder17seconds.Butheseesnoreasontoslowdownandhisambitionisstilltobecompetingwhenhepassesahundred.
"Iprobablywon'tbedoingacrouchstart(蹲式起跑),butit'sonly16yearsaway,"hejoked.Likeanyonehisage,he'shadhealthproblems.He'shadastringofsevereheartattacks,butdoctorshavetoldhimaslongasitmakeshimfeelgood,heshouldcarryonrunning.
"Ican'tletmyheartgetinthewayofmytraining.WhenIamsprintingIhavetogiveitmyabsoluteall.Myheartisthelastthingonmymind."hesaid.
Hetrainseveryotherday,dancesandplayshockeyandherecentlycutsdownonalcoholandchocolate.Hesaid,"I'veheardalcoholcanleadtodementiaandIdon'twantthat.I'vecutdowntooneglassofwineeveryotherday.InowhavetostayasfitasIcanbetokeepupmylifestyle."
Tony'snextbirthdayisnextSeptember.Andthefirstthinghewantstodoisbecometheworld'sfastest85-year-old.
4.WhatwillTonydoafterthecompetitioninItaly?
A.Hedecidestoslowdown.
B.Hedecidestoretireasanofficer.
C.Heplansonrunninguntilhe's100.
D.Heplanstocompeteinthe100metreshurdles.
5.WhatdothedoctorssuggesttoTony?
A.Continuingtorunifhefeelsgood.
B.Stoppingrunningtotreathisheartdisease.
C.Tryingtorunasfastashecan.
D.Cuttingdownonalcoholandchocolate.
6.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesTony?
A.Imaginative.B.Positive.
C.Caring.D.Demanding.
7.What'sthebesttitleofthetext?
A.TheFastestManintheWorld.
B.TheWorld'sFastest85-year-old.
C.ANationalChampionandaWorldRecordHolder.
D.GranddadCrownedFastest84-year-oldintheWorld.
C
Maplesyrup(枫糖浆)isasweetenerfrommapletreesap(树汁).Manypeopleuseitinbakinginplaceofsugarorothersweeteners,someuseitinteainsteadofhoneyanditisfrequentlyusedasatoppingforpancakes,waffles,andotherbreakfastfoods.Sincetruemaplesyrupisratherexpensive,awiderangeoffalsemaplesyrupexist.
ThissweeteneroriginatedinthenortheastregionofNorthAmerica,anditisinthisregionthatmostoftheworld’smaplesyrupisstillproduced.Vermont,NewHampshireMaine,andtheeasternportionofCanadaareallknownfortheirfinesyrup,eachwithslightlydifferentflavorqualities.
Thissweetenerisproducedbytappingmapletreestoreleaseandcollecttheirsap.Atree'ssapistheliquidthat,muchlikebloodinanimals,carrieswaterandfoodtodifferentpartsofthetreetokeepitnourished.Amaturemapleproducesabouttengallonsofsapinagivenseason,afterwhichthetreewillwalloffthechannelthathasbeentapped,sothatanewtaphastobedrilledthenextseason.Maplesarenottappedforsyrupuntiltheyareatleast40yearsoldandhavereachedacertainsize,toensurethatnoharmcomestothetreethroughthetappingprocess.
Animmenseamountofsapisrequiredtoproducemaplesyrupbecausethewaterysapmustbereducedtoachievetheproperthicknessandtaste.Althoughtheexactamountdependsonthesweetnessofthesap,ingeneralittakesabout40timesasmuchmaplesaptoproduceaportionofsyrup.Thismaybefurtherreducedtocreatethickerdelicacies,suchasmaplebutter,maplecream,andmaplesugar.
IntheUs,therearegradeAandGradeBsyrups,withthreesub-divisionsofGradeA:
lightamber,mediumamber,anddarkamber.GradeBisevendarkerthanGradeAdarkamber.Manypeopleassumethatthegradingsystemisalsoindicativeofquality,butinreality,itonlyhelpstodifferentiatethecolorandtasteofthesyrup,whichisamatterofpersonalpreference.Thetastesaredifferent,buttosayoneisobjectively“better”thananotherwouldbeincorrect.
8.Whatdoweknowaboutthemaplesyrupfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?
A.Itcanbeasubstituteofsugarandhoney.
B.Itvariesgreatlyinflavorqualities.
C.ItisproducedinthenortheastoftheUS.
D.Itistooexpensivetogainpopularity.
9.Theunderlinedword"nourished"inparagraph3canbereplacedby“__________”.
A.warm.B.healthy.
C.complete.D.mature.
10.Whyisalargeamountofsapneeded?
A.Becauseitiswidelyusedinmostdelicacies.
B.Becauseithelpstoprotectoldtreesfromharm.
C.Becauseitneedstobeconcentratedtomakemaplesyrup.
D.Becausethemoresapisused,thebettermaplesyruptastes.
11.What'sthemainpurposeofwritingthetext?
A.Toteachpeoplehowtomakemaplesyrup.
B.Toattractmorepeopletobuymaplesyrup.
C.Tointroducebasicknowledgeofmaplesyrup.
D.Tohelppeoplechoosemaplesyrupofgoodquality.
D
Mostsquirrelsdon’thibernate(冬眠).Instead,theystorefoodforthecoldseasonandspendthewinterintheirnests.Butthe13-linedgroundsquirrel,onespeciesofsquirrelintheU.S.Midwest,isnotthecase.Forupto8months,thetinymammalswon’teatordrinkanythingatallandtheheartrate,metabolism(新陈代谢),andbodytemperaturedramaticallydropduringtheirlongrest,whichissimilartobearsandotherhibernatinganimals.
Tofindouthowthehibernatingsquirrelsholdbacktheirthirst,apowerfulforcethatcouldpotentiallywakethemup,andresearchersmeasuredthebloodfluidofdozensofsquirrels.Generally,ahighbloodconcentration(血液浓度)makesanimals,includinghumans,feelthirty.Thesleepingsquirrels'bloodconcentrationwaslow,preventingthemfromwakingupforadrink.Evenwhenresearcherswokeupthetorpidsquirrels,theywouldn’tdrinkadropuntiltheteamartificiallyincreasedtheconcentrationoftheirbloodserum.
Next,theresearcherswantedtoknowhowthesquirrels’bloodconcentrationdroppedsolow.Perhapsthesquirrelsdrankalotofwaterbeforehibernationtodilute(稀释)theirblood,theresearchersthought.Butwhentheyfilmedsquirrelspreparingfortheirwintersnooze,theyfoundtheanimalsactuallydranklesswaterthantheynormallydid.
Instead,chemicaltestsrevealedthesquirrelsregulatetheirbloodconcentrationbygettingridofelectrolytes(电解质)likesodiumandotherchemicalslikeglucoseandureaandstoringthemelsewhereinthebody(possiblyinthebladder),theresearchersreportedlastmonthinCurrentBiology.Thefindingcouldalsoexplainhowotherhibernatinganimalsstaycontainingwater.
Thisnewknowledgemightonedayhelphumanswithconditionssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病),orastronautswhohavelaunchedonlongspaceflights.Unfortunately,evenifpeoplecan